Abstract: A RAN server, a wireless communications system, and a terminal attach method are provided. The RAN server configured to centrally manage base stations of a plurality of wireless communications standards is introduced, and the RAN server is used as a central node to implement a unified interface to a core network. A base station that is of any wireless communications standard and that is managed by the RAN server may independently provide a data transmission service to a terminal, so that the wireless communications system provided in this application basically does not cause an additional latency. In addition, a TAI unrelated to a wireless communications standard of a base station is carried in an attach request message, an attach accept message, and an attach complete message that are exchanged in a terminal attach process.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes providing a substrate structure including a substrate having a front side and a back side and a pixel region having a plurality of pixels in the front side, each pixel including a sensor element, forming a metal reflective layer in the front side of the substrate and on the pixel region, thinning the back side of the substrate, doping the thinned back side of the substrate with a dopant, and laser annealing the doped back side of the substrate. The sensor element is configured to receive incident light to the thinned back side of the semiconductor substrate. The metal reflective layer reflects heat generated in the laser annealing process to more fully activate the dopant in the back side of the substrate, thereby effectively reducing dark current and improving the device performance.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a data transmission method, device, and system, and belongs to the field of communications technologies. The method includes: receiving a data packet sent by user equipment, where the data packet carries indication information used to instruct a base station to establish a specified data connection to the user equipment; generating a first key of the user equipment based on the indication information and a public key of the base station; and performing data transmission with the user equipment based on the first key of the user equipment. According to the data transmission method, the transmitted data can be encrypted and decrypted when there is no radio resource control connection between the base station and the user equipment, thereby improving data transmission security while ensuring data transmission efficiency.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a terminal device, an access network device, an air interface configuration method, and a wireless communications system, so as to establish a connection between a terminal device and two radio access network devices. A second access network device in a radio access network determines air interface configuration information of an air interface between a terminal device and the radio access network, and sends a first air interface configuration message comprising the air interface configuration information to a first access network device in the radio access network, where the first access network device and the second access network device use different wireless communications standards.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of interworking between networks and a device. A network device sends an indication message to UE, where the indication message is used to indicate whether the UE is allowed to perform RAN rule-based LTE-WLAN interworking in an idle mode, so that the UE can determine, according to an indication of a network side, whether to perform the RAN rule-based LTE-WLAN interworking in an idle mode, and the network side can accurately control LTE-WLAN interworking for the UE in an idle mode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a wireless local area network WLAN measurement and reporting method, and a related device. The method includes: acquiring, by a user terminal, WLAN group information, where the WLAN group information indicates at least one WLAN group; determining, by the user terminal, whether at least one WLAN in the WLAN group satisfies WLAN measurement configuration information; and reporting, by the user terminal, a measurement result of the at least one WLAN in the WLAN group to a base station when the at least one WLAN in the WLAN group satisfies the WLAN measurement configuration information. Therefore, a signaling resource can be saved, thereby reducing signaling load caused by simultaneous reporting of a large quantity of WLAN measurement results.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for evaluating echo signals obtained from a phased array experiment on a billet is disclosed. The computer-implemented method may comprise collecting the echo signals from a pulser/receiver unit, correlating the echo signals with a position on a longitudinal axis and a circumferential angle of the billet, computing an amplitude for each of the echo signals, displaying the amplitudes as indications in a c-scan data plot at a computer display unit, and determining the signal-to-noise ratios of indications located in a region-of-interest box relative to noise in surrounding boxes in the c-scan data plot. The computer-implemented method may further comprise classifying each indication as rejectable, reportable, or insignificant based on its amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio. The computer-implemented method may find applications in quality control evaluations in the aircraft industry.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a CMOS image sensor includes providing a semiconductor substrate having a front side and a back side, forming at least two pixels in the front side, forming a shallow trench isolation in the front side between the at least two pixels, forming a deep trench in the back side at a location above the shallow trench isolation, and depositing a dielectric layer in the deep trench to form a crosstalk reduction element.

Abstract: A CMOS image sensor and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The CMOS image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate having a front side and a back side, at least two pixels disposed in the first side, a shallow trench isolation disposed in the front side between the at least two pixels, and a crosstalk reduction element disposed in the back side at a location above the shallow trench isolation. The crosstalk reduction element reduces optical and electrical crosstalk and improves the image quality of the CMOS image sensor.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for evaluating echo signals obtained from a phased array experiment on a billet is disclosed. The computer-implemented method may comprise collecting the echo signals from a pulser/receiver unit, correlating the echo signals with a position on a longitudinal axis and a circumferential angle of the billet, computing an amplitude for each of the echo signals, displaying the amplitudes as indications in a c-scan data plot at a computer display unit, and determining the signal-to-noise ratios of indications located in a region-of-interest box relative to noise in surrounding boxes in the c-scan data plot. The computer-implemented method may further comprise classifying each indication as rejectable, reportable, or insignificant based on its amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio. The computer-implemented method may find applications in quality control evaluations in the aircraft industry.

Abstract: A CMOS image sensor and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The CMOS image sensor includes a semiconductor substrate having a front side and a back side, at least two pixels disposed in the first side, a shallow trench isolation disposed in the front side between the at least two pixels, and a crosstalk reduction element disposed in the back side at a location above the shallow trench isolation. The crosstalk reduction element reduces optical and electrical crosstalk and improves the image quality of the CMOS image sensor.