Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including an active pattern, a first interlayer dielectric layer on the substrate, the first interlayer dielectric layer including a recess on an upper portion thereof, and a lower connection line in the first interlayer dielectric layer, the lower connection line being electrically connected to the active pattern, and the lower connection line including a conductive pattern, the recess of the first interlayer dielectric layer selectively exposing a top surface of the conductive pattern, and a barrier pattern between the conductive pattern and the first interlayer dielectric layer, the first interlayer dielectric layer covering a top surface of the barrier pattern.

Abstract: An electrical conductor includes: a first conductive layer including a plurality of ruthenium oxide nanosheets, wherein at least one ruthenium oxide nanosheet of the plurality of ruthenium oxide nanosheets includes a halogen, a chalcogen, a Group 15 element, or a combination thereof on a surface of the ruthenium oxide nanosheet.

Abstract: A transparent conductor including a Group 5 transition metal and boron, wherein the compound has a layered structure.

Abstract: A manufacturing device of a membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell includes a membrane unwinder unwinding and supplying a polymer electrolyte membrane of a roll shape; a film unwinder unwinding and supplying a release film of a roll shape respectively coated with an anode catalyst electrode layer and a cathode catalyst electrode layer with a predetermined interval in an upper and lower sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane; upper and lower bonding rolls respectively disposed at the upper and lower sides of a progressing path of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the release film and pressed to an upper surface and a lower surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane; and a protection film unwinder unwinding and supplying a protection film between adhered surfaces of the release film and the upper and lower bonding rolls.

Abstract: An instrument guide device comprises an elongated guide shaft having proximal and distal ends and including an instrument lumen for receiving therethrough a manually operated instrument having an instrument shaft. A distal bendable member is disposed at the distal end of the guide shaft and a proximal bendable member is disposed at the proximal end of the guide shaft. Actuation means extends between the distal and proximal bendable members and provides a bending of the distal bendable member controlled from the proximal bendable member. The proximal bendable member is controlled from the manually operated instrument to cause a corresponding bending of said distal bendable member.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing the semiconductor device includes providing a first interlayer dielectric layer having a conductive pattern, sequentially forming a first etch stop layer, a second etch stop layer, a second interlayer dielectric layer and a mask pattern on the first interlayer dielectric layer, forming an opening in the second interlayer dielectric layer using the mask pattern as a mask, the opening exposing the second etch stop layer, and performing an etching process including simultaneously removing the mask pattern and the second etch stop layer exposed by the opening to expose the first etch stop layer.

Abstract: A two-dimensional perovskite material, a dielectric material including the same, and a multi-layered capacitor. The two-dimensional perovskite material includes a layered metal oxide including a first layer having a positive charge and a second layer having a negative charge which are laminated, a monolayer nanosheet exfoliated from the layered metal oxide, a nanosheet laminate of a plurality of the monolayer nanosheets, or a combination thereof, wherein the two-dimensional perovskite material a first phase having a two-dimensional crystal structure is included in an amount of greater than or equal to about 80 volume %, based on 100 volume % of the two-dimensional perovskite material, and the two-dimensional perovskite material is represented by Chemical Formula 1.

Abstract: A dielectric material includes a layered metal oxide including a first layer having a positive charge and a second layer having a negative charge, wherein the first layer and the second layer are alternately disposed; a monolayered nanosheet; a nanosheet laminate of the monolayered nanosheets; or a combination thereof, wherein the dielectric material includes a two-dimensional layered material having a two-dimensional crystal structure, wherein the two-dimensional layered material is represented by Chemical Formula 1 X2[A(n?1)MnO(3n+1)]??Chemical Formula 1 wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, X is H, an alkali metal, a cationic polymer, or a combination thereof, A is Ca, Sr, La, Ta, or a combination thereof, M is La, Ta, Ti, or a combination thereof, and n?1.

Abstract: A silver powder includes a large number of particles. The particles include polyhedral particles 2. The ratio P1 of the number of the polyhedral particles 2 to the total number of the particles is equal to or greater than 80%. Each polyhedral particle 2 has a body containing silver as a main component, and a coating layer covering a surface of the body and containing organic matter as a main component. Each polyhedral particle 2 has an aspect ratio of equal to or less than 3.0. The content P2 of the organic matter in the silver powder is preferably equal to or less than 0.5% by weight. The silver powder preferably has a median diameter D50 of equal to or less than 0.5 ?m. The silver powder preferably has a tap density TD of equal to or greater than 5.0 g/cm3.

Abstract: An electrical conductor including a first conductive layer including a plurality of ruthenium oxide nanosheets, wherein the plurality of ruthenium oxide nanosheets include an electrical connection between contacting ruthenium oxide nanosheets and at least one of the plurality of ruthenium oxide nanosheets includes a plurality of metal clusters on a surface of the at least one ruthenium oxide nanosheet.

Abstract: An electrically conductive thin film including: a material including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and having a layered crystal structure, MemAa??Chemical Formula 1 wherein Me is Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sn, A is S, Se, Te, or a combination thereof, and m and a each are independently a number selected so that the compound of Chemical Formula 1 is neutral; and a dopant disposed in the compound of Chemical Formula 1, wherein the dopant is a metal dopant that is different from Me and has an oxidation state which is greater than an oxidation state of Me, a non-metal dopant having a greater number of valence electrons than a number of valence electrons of A in Chemical Formula 1, or a combination thereof, and wherein the compound of Chemical Formula 1 includes a chemical bond which includes a valence electron of an s orbital of Me.

Abstract: A silver powder includes a large number of particles. The particles include polyhedral particles 2. The ratio P1 of the number of the polyhedral particles 2 to the total number of the particles is equal to or greater than 80%. Each polyhedral particle 2 has a body containing silver as a main component, and a coating layer covering a surface of the body and containing organic matter as a main component. Each polyhedral particle 2 has an aspect ratio of equal to or less than 3.0. The content P2 of the organic matter in the silver powder is preferably equal to or less than 0.5% by weight. The silver powder preferably has a median diameter D50 of equal to or less than 0.5 ?m. The silver powder preferably has a tap density TD of equal to or greater than 5.0 g/cm3.

Abstract: [Object] To provide fine particles 2 having good printing characteristics, good thermal conductivity, and good electrical conductivity. [Solution] The fine particles 2 are flake-like. A main component of the fine particles 2 is an electrically conductive metal. A typical metal is silver. A particle diameter D50 of particles including a large number of the fine particles 2 is equal to or greater than 0.10 ?m but equal to or less than 0.50 ?m, a particle diameter D95 of the particles is equal to or less than 1.00 ?m, and a maximum particle diameter Dmax of the particles is equal to or less than 3.00 ?m. A particle diameter D10 of the particles is equal to or greater than 0.05 ?m. A BET specific surface area of the particles is equal to or greater than 2.0 m2/g. A tap density TD of the particles is equal to or greater than 2.0 g/cm3. An average Tave of thicknesses of the fine particles 2 is equal to or less than 0.05 ?m.

Abstract: An electrically conductive thin film including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and having a layered crystal structure Re2C??Chemical Formula 1 wherein Re is a lanthanide. Also an electronic device including the electrically conductive thin film.

Abstract: A manufacturing device of a membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell includes a membrane unwinder unwinding and supplying a polymer electrolyte membrane of a roll shape; a film unwinder unwinding and supplying a release film of a roll shape respectively coated with an anode catalyst electrode layer and a cathode catalyst electrode layer with a predetermined interval in an upper and lower sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane; upper and lower bonding rolls respectively disposed at the upper and lower sides of a progressing path of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the release film and pressed to an upper surface and a lower surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane; and a protection film unwinder unwinding and supplying a protection film between adhered surfaces of the release film and the upper and lower bonding rolls.

Abstract: Provided is an energy storage apparatus capable of freely adjusting an energy storage capacity by including a integrated battery platform including a battery, a power relay assembly, and a battery management system; and a battery tray including a battery and coupled to the battery platform to connect the batteries in series with each other.

Abstract: An electrically conductive thin film including a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and having a layered crystal structure: AxMyChz??Chemical Formula 1 wherein A is V, Nb, or Ta, M is Ni, Co, Fe, Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh, Si, or Ge, Ch is S, Se, or Te, x is a number from 1 to 3, y is a number from 1 to 3, and z is a number from 2 to 14.

Abstract: An instrument guide device comprises an elongated guide shaft having proximal and distal ends and including an instrument lumen for receiving therethrough a manually operated instrument having an instrument shaft. A distal bendable member is disposed at the distal end of the guide shaft and a proximal bendable member is disposed at the proximal end of the guide shaft. Actuation means extends between the distal and proximal bendable members and provides a bending of the distal bendable member controlled from the proximal bendable member. The proximal bendable member is controlled from the manually operated instrument to cause a corresponding bending of said distal bendable member.

Abstract: An electrical conductor includes a first conductive layer including a plurality of metal oxide nanosheets, wherein a metal oxide nanosheet of the plurality of metal oxide nanosheets includes a proton bonded to a the surface of the metal oxide nanosheet, wherein the metal oxide is represented by Chemical Formula 1: MO2??Chemical Formula 1 wherein M is Re, V, Os, Ru, Ta, Ir, Nb, W, Ga, Mo, In, Cr, Rh, or Mn, wherein the plurality of metal oxide nanosheets has a content of hydrogen atoms of less than about 100 atomic percent, with respect to 100 atomic percent of metal atoms as measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and wherein the plurality of metal oxide nanosheets includes an electrical connection between contacting metal oxide nanosheets.

Abstract: An electrical conductor includes: a first conductive layer including a plurality of ruthenium oxide nanosheets, wherein at least one ruthenium oxide nanosheet of the plurality of ruthenium oxide nanosheets includes a halogen, a chalcogen, a Group 15 element, or a combination thereof on a surface of the ruthenium oxide nanosheet.