Abstract: To diagnose plasma in a plasma space, a plurality of floating probes are installed at a plurality of points, respectively, in a plasma space. An electron density ratio at each of the points is calculated by measuring a first probe current of each of the floating probes, the probe current including a DC component. A point ion density and a point electron temperature at each of the points are calculated by measuring a second probe current of each of the floating probes before the electron density ratio is calculated, the second probe current excluding the DC component.

Abstract: Disclosed are a propulsion device for a ship and a ship having same. The propulsion device, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises: a rear propeller fixed to a first driveshaft; a front propeller positioned in front of the rear propeller and supported rotably on the first driveshaft; a counter rotation device, which penetrates the hull, and which counter-rotates the front propeller and the rear propeller on the basis of the rotation of a second driveshaft, which is installed perpendicular to the first driveshaft; and a housing installed so as to envelope the second driveshaft and the counter rotation device.

Abstract: A spray pump is provided where two seal caps are arranged in an upper portion and a lower portion within a cylinder housing so as to prevent the contents from leaking, the cylinder housing a wall surface with one or more leakage discharge holes so that the content which can be accumulated within the cylinder housing is discharged through the leakage discharge holes rather than a content flow path, thereby enabling an efficient operation.

Abstract: Provided are a plasma chamber and a substrate treating apparatus. The plasma chamber includes a housing in which a gas is injected to generate plasma, a first coil disposed on one surface of the housing, and a second coil disposed on the other surface of the housing.

Abstract: An external airbag cushion including: an outer cover that inflates to cover the front of a bumper of a vehicle; a plurality of separation walls that are disposed inside outer cover to divide the inside into a plurality of chambers in the transverse direction of the vehicle; and low-pressure variable vents and high-pressure variable vents that are disposed for the chambers, respectively, and selectively open, depending on the internal pressure of the chambers.

Abstract: In an exemplary implementation, a semiconductor device includes a III-nitride heterojunction including a III-nitride barrier layer situated over a III-nitride channel layer to form a conduction channel including a two-dimensional electron gas. The semiconductor device further includes a gate electrode coupled to a field plate. The field plate includes a plurality of steps insulated from the conduction channel by a dielectric body and the III-nitride barrier layer. The dielectric body under each one of the plurality of steps contributes to a breakdown voltage that is at least twice a breakdown voltage of the semiconductor device at each corresponding step. The breakdown voltage can correspond to a breakdown voltage of the dielectric body and the III-nitride barrier layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an external airbag apparatus. The apparatus includes, a back beam disposed on one surface directed toward a bumper on which an airbag module is disposed. The apparatus additionally includes a deployment guide disposed between the bumper and the back beam, both ends of which are coupled to the back beam, and a middle end of which is supported on the bumper. Furthermore, the apparatus includes a sensor disposed between the deployment guide and the back beam to sense impact when pressed by the deployment guide during impact to the bumper.

Abstract: An external airbag cushion including: an outer cover that inflates to cover the front of a bumper of a vehicle; a plurality of separation walls that are disposed inside outer cover to divide the inside into a plurality of chambers in the transverse direction of the vehicle; and low-pressure variable vents and high-pressure variable vents that are disposed for the chambers, respectively, and selectively open, depending on the internal pressure of the chambers.

Abstract: An exterior airbag cushion for a vehicle includes a cushion body which is deployed forward from a front end of the vehicle, a vent hole which is formed in the cushion body, and a variable guide which has a cover shape and covers the vent hole in such a way that a first end and opposing side edges of the variable guide are fastened to the cushion body, and a second end thereof is open to form an opening. The variable guide is folded and is brought into close contact with the cushion body and temporarily fastened to the cushion body so that the variable guide guides a direction of gas discharged from the vent hole and the opening when a temporary fastening structure is loosened by internal pressure of the cushion body.

Abstract: A method for encoding data using a parity check matrix is disclosed. The method for encoding data using a parity check matrix comprises generating a fourth base matrix by applying a row permutation pattern and a column permutation pattern to rows and columns of a third base matrix, respectively, the third base matrix including a plurality of indexes, each of the plurality of indexes indicating a sub-matrix; generating the parity check matrix by replacing each index of the fourth base matrix with a corresponding sub-matrix; outputting an encoded bit stream by encoding an input bit stream using the generated parity check matrix; and permuting an order of sequences of the encoded bit stream according to an inverse of the column permutation pattern.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for processing an image. The apparatus includes a detector configured to form one group with pieces of pixel information on an edge of a received image, detect line segments, and generate a plurality of curves using the detected line segments, an optimizer configured to apply a weight to a cost function based on the plurality of generated curves according to distance from the center of the image, define a curve having a shorter length than a threshold value as an outlier and a curve having a greater length than the threshold value as an inlier, remove the outlier, and estimate a distortion level parameter, and a corrector configured to correct a position of a pixel with a correction value using the distortion level parameter. Accordingly, it is possible to correct lens distortion of even an image that has not been directly photographed, and to correct images generated by devices equipped with any lens rather than a specific camera or photographing apparatus.

Abstract: An external airbag structure for a vehicle includes an airbag cushion disposed to develop toward a front side of a bumper from a folded state, a vent hole formed at the airbag cushion, and a variable vent cover attached to the airbag cushion to block the vent hole, wherein the variable vent cover includes a material having a heat-resisting property which is melted and torn by a temperature and/or a pressure of an internal expansion gas of the airbag cushion on expansion of the airbag cushion. The vent hole is opened to perform an effective cushion action as the airbag cushion is developed.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating 1-methylcyclopropene. The apparatus of the present invention may enable the immediate and convenient generation of 1-methylcyclopropene in a desired location using stable 1-methylcyclopropene precursors.

Abstract: Embodiments discussed herein relate to creating and managing competitive campaigns for advertisement spaces on a web page. Competitive campaigns may take several forms, including boosting bids for advertisements to try an match the competitor's advertisement bids in an online auction, dynamically replacing the entity's advertisement being shown, or out-and-out refusing to show an advertisement whenever the competitor's advertisement is also shown.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a frame structure and method for supporting a relay. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for transmitting a preamble from a network supporting a relay includes transmitting a first preamble for establishing synchronization with at least one of a mobile station and a relay station, and transmitting a second preamble including supplemental information for accurately establishing synchronization with at least one of the mobile station and the relay station.

Abstract: An interleaver provision method for providing a continuous length, an interleaving method, and a turbo-encoder thereof are disclosed. The interleaving method selects a basic interleaver having a proper length from among the basic interleaver set, which is predetermined to have the length represented by a multiple of the ARP fluctuation vector period. The interleaving method performs the dummy insertion and the pruning process to have the length acting as the basic-interleaver length, so that it can provide the ARP interleaver having a continuous length.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a signal using a relay station is disclosed. In a wireless communication system, the present invention includes the steps of enabling the relay station to receive the signal via a relay interval in a downlink interval using a first wireless communication scheme and a second wireless communication scheme in common from a base station and enabling the relay station to transmit the received signal to a first terminal using the first wireless communications scheme via a first downlink interval in the downlink interval or to a second terminal using the second wireless communication scheme via a second downlink interval.

Abstract: An external airbag structure for a vehicle includes an airbag cushion disposed to develop toward a front side of a bumper from a folded state, a vent hole formed at the airbag cushion, and a variable vent cover attached to the airbag cushion to block the vent hole, wherein the variable vent cover includes a material having a heat-resisting property which is melted and torn by a temperature and/or a pressure of an internal expansion gas of the airbag cushion on expansion of the airbag cushion. The vent hole is opened to perform an effective cushion action as the airbag cushion is developed.

Abstract: A data rate matching method is disclosed. More particularly, a rate matching method using at least two parameters is disclosed. The rate matching method includes selecting bits from an input bitstream using a primary-indication parameter for selecting at least one bit and a secondary indication parameter for canceling the selection using the primary indication parameter or additionally selecting unselected bits, and processing the selected bits according to a rate matching mode so as to generate an output bitstream. By using the rate matching method, highspeed processing is realized by a simple calculation and the locations of target bits can be efficiently decided using at least two indication parameters. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce a calculation amount or improve performance.

Abstract: A method of performing interleaving and a data transmission apparatus are disclosed, in which interleaving is performed for input data streams using bit reverse ordering (BRO) operation. A method of performing interleaving for input data streams comprises writing respective bits of the input data stream in a row direction of a memory matrix in accordance with the input order, performing row permutation for index of each row of the memory matrix using an R-bit (R is an integer) bit reverse ordering (BRO) operation, performing pruning for a row which satisfies a given condition, performing column permutation using BRO operation for index of each column of the memory matrix, and reading to output each bit in a column direction of the memory matrix where the column permutation has been performed.