Abstract: An energy storage system which balances cell voltages and a method of balancing cell voltages are disclosed. The system and method use a temperature of balancing resistors to determine a time for the balancing resistors to be selectively connected across battery cells so as to balance the battery cells.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a protection circuit module (PCM) electrically connected to a bare cell. The bare cell is wrapped with a first sheet, a water permeable second sheet placed on the first sheet, and a submergence label placed between the first sheet and the water permeable second sheet. The submergence label indicates if the bare cell has been exposed to moisture. The label sheet further has a stacking structure, wherein the second sheet is placed on top of the first sheet and the submergence label is interposed between the first sheet and the second sheet. Accordingly, it is possible to determine whether a user has disassembled, modified, or reused the battery and it is possible to easily verify whether or not the secondary battery has been submerged in a liquid due to a user's carelessness or mistake.

Abstract: A battery protection circuit and a method of controlling the same is disclosed. The battery protection circuit includes: a battery management system for controlling charging and discharging of a battery; and a reset control circuit for controlling a reset operation of the battery management system. The battery management system includes: a reset terminal to which a first voltage for determining reset is applied; and a reset prevention terminal to which a second voltage for determining reset prevention of the battery management system is applied. The reset control circuit is connected between the reset terminal and the reset prevention terminal to control the applying of the first voltage to the reset prevention terminal. Accordingly, an unintended reset operation of the battery management system may be prevented.

Abstract: A battery pack including a plurality of battery cells and a method of controlling the battery pack are provided. The method includes: permanently cutting off charging and discharging paths of the battery pack; and discharging one or more of the battery cells when a condition of which satisfies a reference condition. Therefore, state of the battery pack changes from its failure state to a stable state.

Abstract: A battery system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes i) a plurality of battery modules each of which is configured to store power, wherein each battery module is electrically connected to at least one other battery module and ii) a plurality of management units configured to monitor states of the battery modules. Each management unit is electrically connected to at least one other management unit and one or more of the battery modules. Each management unit may include: at least one measuring unit configured to perform the monitoring and a receiving unit configured to i) receive measurement data including the monitoring results from the measuring unit via a first communication protocol and ii) receive measurement data from another receiving unit included in another management unit via a second communication protocol different from the first communication protocol.

Abstract: A battery system simulation apparatus that enables a battery system to be stably driven by using simulation data. The battery system simulation apparatus includes a voltage simulator that outputs an imaginary simulation voltage corresponding to a battery included in a battery system, to a battery management unit for controlling the battery, and a simulation verification unit that receives control results of the battery which is generated in dependence upon the imaginary simulation voltage. The control results are transmitted by the battery management unit.

Abstract: A battery pack includes: a first battery cell group including at least one high capacity battery cell; and a second battery cell group including at least one high output battery cell and being coupled in parallel to the first battery cell group, wherein the high output battery cell is configured to output a greater current than the high capacity battery cell, the high capacity battery cell is configured to store a greater amount of electric energy compared to the high output battery cell, and the battery pack is configured to operate in one of operational modes including: a high capacity mode for outputting electric energy stored in the first battery cell group; a high output mode for outputting electric energy stored in the second battery cell group; and a mutual charge mode for charging the first battery cell group or the second battery cell group.

Abstract: A battery pack is disclosed. The battery pack has an analog front end which senses if a failure occurs in a microcontroller, and interrupts charging and discharging of the battery in response to the failure.

Abstract: A protection circuit of a battery pack capable of detecting the error of a charging device from the battery pack. The protection circuit of the battery pack having a battery cell charged by a charging device, the protection circuit including a charge switch coupled to a high current path (HCP), the charge switch disposed between the battery cell and the charging device charging the battery cell and a controller sensing a voltage or a current of the charging device during a charge stop period stopping a charging of the battery cell and determining whether an error of the charging device occurs according to the voltage or the current of the charging device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a security service are provided. The apparatus for providing a security service includes a first block cipher and a second block cipher. The second block cipher is independent of the first block cipher, and is configured to be used as a random number generator when the first block cipher is used to perform encryption/decryption, and to be used to perform encryption/decryption when the first block cipher is used as a random number generator.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods useful for modulation of signaling through the Toll-like receptors TLR7 and/or TLR8. The compositions and methods have use in treating or preventing disease, including cancer, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, inflammatory disorder, graft rejection, and graft-verses-host disease.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus is disclosed. The power supply apparatus includes a rechargeable battery and a battery management system (BMS) for managing charging and discharging of the battery. The power supply apparatus is configured to supply an operating power to the BMS from an external power of an external power source when the external power source is in a normal state and is capable of supplying the external power to a load through the power supply apparatus. The power supply apparatus is further configured to supply the operating power to the BMS from electric energy stored in the battery when the external power source is in a state different from the normal state and not capable of supplying the external power to the load through the power supply apparatus.

Abstract: A battery pack, a charger, and a charging system. The battery pack includes a rechargeable battery, and a protection circuit to control charging and discharging of the battery, wherein the protection circuit includes a micom to output an operating state signal representing an operating state of the micom and a malfunction transferring unit to transfer information on whether the battery is malfunctioning based on the operating state signal. Accordingly, when an error is detected by the protection circuit of the battery pack, charging is stopped, and thus the battery pack may be stably charged.

Abstract: A battery pack and a method of controlling the same is disclosed. The battery pack determines a cell deviation after the battery pack is fully charged or over-discharged, and thus the battery pack can reduce the cell deviation by performing cell balancing.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods useful for modulation of signaling through the Toll-like receptors TLR7 and/or TLR8. The compositions and methods have use in treating or preventing disease, including cancer, autoimmune disease, infectious disease, inflammatory disorder, graft rejection, and graft-verses-host disease.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods useful for modulation of signaling through the Toll-like receptors TLR7 and/or TLR8. The compositions and methods have use in treating or preventing disease, including cancer, autoimmune disease, fibrotic disease, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, inflammatory disorder, graft rejection, or graft-versus-host disease.

Abstract: A battery pack, a charging system including the battery pack, and a method of controlling the charging system are disclosed. The battery pack includes a plurality of rechargeable battery cells and a protection circuit for protecting the battery cells. The protection circuit includes an analog front end (AFE) integrated circuit (IC) and a microcomputer. The AFE IC is for supplying an operating voltage of a microcomputer to the microcomputer and to a charging device. Thus, when the battery pack is charged, an abnormal operation of the AFE IC can be detected by the charging device and the charging of the battery pack stopped, thereby preventing an explosion of the battery pack.

Abstract: Provided are compositions and methods useful for modulation of signaling through the Toll-like receptors TLR7 and/or TLR8. The compositions and methods have use in treating or preventing disease, including cancer, autoimmune disease, fibrotic disease, cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, inflammatory disorder, graft rejection, or graft-versus-host disease.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting against external attacks for a processor based on an ARM core and a method using the same are provided. A method for protecting against external attacks for a processor based on an ARM core in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: setting up a register using a reset handler, which is executed first within a boot image; generating a control signal for protecting against external attacks using any one of an external debug request signal and an output signal of the register; and blocking a JTAG interface used for JTAG communication with the processor based on the ARM core according to the control signal for protecting against external attacks.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing a security service are provided. The apparatus for providing a security service includes a first block cipher and a second block cipher. The second block cipher is independent of the first block cipher, and is configured to be used as a random number generator when the first block cipher is used to perform encryption/decryption, and to be used to perform encryption/decryption when the first block cipher is used as a random number generator.