Abstract: An element substrate is provided, including a substrate, a metal layer and a planarization layer. The metal layer is located on the substrate. The metal layer has a first edge in a first direction. The planarization layer is located on the metal layer. The planarization layer includes a contact hole. The contact hole has a contiguous wall and a bottom side. The metal layer is exposed in the bottom side. A contour line of the contiguous wall on a vertical plane is a curved line. The first edge corresponds vertically with a critical point on the contour line. The slope of a tangent line on the critical point of the contour line is smaller than 0.176.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate is provided. The TFT substrate comprises a substrate, a first metal layer, a first insulating layer, a channel layer, a second insulating layer and a gate layer. The first metal layer is disposed on the substrate, and comprises a first portion and a second portion which are separated from each other. The first insulating layer is disposed on the first metal layer. The channel layer is disposed on the first insulating layer. The second insulating layer is disposed on the channel layer. The gate layer is disposed on the second insulating layer. The first portion and the second portion of the first metal layer partially overlap the channel layer.

Abstract: A composition for treating dandruff is provided. The composition includes glycerol with a concentration of not larger than 10 wt %, a second, low molecular weight polyol with a concentration of not larger than 10 wt %, and a saline solution. The composition is free of chemical surfactants, antiseptics, or foaming agents and the like, which may cause allergic or hypersensitive conditions, and has the advantages of simple constituents, low cost, and effective outcomes on the treatment of dandruff. Long-term application of the composition on the scalp is therefore suggested.

Abstract: A gateway communicates with at least one terminal device and a database server. When the terminal device is connected to the gateway, device identification (ID) of the terminal device is acquired to download a device description frame (DDF) file of the terminal device from the database server. Then, detailed information of the terminal device is displayed on a user interface according to the DDF file. When a command is sent using the user interface, the commands is received and transmitted to the terminal device, to control the terminal device to perform a corresponding function.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display apparatus is provided. The autostereoscopic display apparatus includes a liquid-crystal panel and a barrier cell. The barrier cell includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid-crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first electrode. The second substrate includes a second electrode and a third electrode, wherein the second and third electrodes are separated from each other. The liquid-crystal layer is disposed between the first and second substrates. A black region between the first and third electrodes is formed when a first voltage is applied to the first and second electrodes and a second voltage is applied to the third electrode.

Abstract: A system for displaying images is provided and includes a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate having a plurality of orthogonal data lines and scan lines thereon. A first transparent electrode layer is disposed over the data lines and a second transparent electrode layer is disposed over the first transparent electrode layer. A second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate and has an inner surface. A conductive layer is disposed over the inner surface of the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A system for displaying images is provided including a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel has a plurality of sub-pixels, each defined between two adjacent data lines extending along a vertical direction and two adjacent scan lines extending along a horizontal direction. The liquid crystal display panel comprises a transparent bottom electrode on the data lines, and a transparent top electrode on the transparent bottom electrode, wherein the transparent top electrode has an extended portion at a corner of the sub-pixel, extending along the horizontal direction to overlap at least a portion of the data line.

Abstract: A display apparatus current discharging method, includes steps of: providing a potential difference between a first line and a second line; switching on a first switching element; generating a voltage drop of a resistance element having a first end and a second end; switching on a second switching element; providing a first discharging path through the first line, the first switching element, the resistance element, the second switching element, and the second line; and discharging a first current via the first discharging path. A display apparatus current leakage reducing method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems for displaying images are provided. The system includes a display device. The display device includes an array substrate, and a transparent electrode stack overlaying the array substrate. The transparent electrode stack includes a first electrode having a first slit, a second electrode having an outer edge disposed corresponding to the interior of the first slit, and a dielectric layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. The dielectric layer electrically isolates the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A system for displaying images is provided and includes a liquid crystal display pane. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate having a plurality of orthogonal data lines and scan lines thereon. A first transparent electrode layer is disposed over the data lines and a second transparent electrode layer is disposed over the first transparent electrode layer. A second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate and has an inner surface. A conductive layer is disposed over the inner surface of the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A system for displaying images is provided including a liquid crystal display panel. The liquid crystal display panel has a plurality of sub-pixels, each defined between two adjacent data lines extending along a vertical direction and two adjacent scan lines extending along a horizontal direction. The liquid crystal display panel comprises a transparent bottom electrode on the data lines, and a transparent top electrode on the transparent bottom electrode, wherein the transparent top electrode has an extended portion at a corner of the sub-pixel, extending along the horizontal direction to overlap at least a portion of the data line.

Abstract: A display apparatus current discharging method, includes steps of: providing a potential difference between a first line and a second line; switching on a first switching element; generating a voltage drop of a resistance element having a first end and a second end; switching on a second switching element; providing a first discharging path through the first line, the first switching element, the resistance element, the second switching element, and the second line; and discharging a first current via the first discharging path. A display apparatus current leakage reducing method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A display device has a display array, a discharging line and a plurality of protection circuits. Each of the protection circuits has a first discharging circuit and a second discharging circuit. The first discharging circuit has a first switching element, a resistance element and a second switching element electrically connected in series between the discharging line and a scan line or a data line. The second discharging circuit has a third switching element, the resistance element and a fourth switching element electrically connected in series between the discharging line and the associated scan or data line. The second switching element is electrically connected to the third switching element, and both of them are switched by the resistance element.

Abstract: A key with a light emitting key insertion portion comprises a key insertion portion including a hollow metal case and an light emitting source installed within the hollow metal case; the hollow metal case being hollowed and having two openings at two ends; a light emitting source including a rubber body, a light stimulating metal and two conductive wires; the key insertion portion has a shape with a plurality of grooves so that a front end of the light emitting source protrudes from the front end of the hollow metal case and parts of the light emitting source protruding from the grooves; and a handle having a power source unit; the key insertion portion being assembled to the handle. The power source unit includes an LED lamp, a circuit board, a battery cell, and a switch; and the two conductive wires of the light emitting source are connected to the power source unit.

Abstract: A light emitting device capable of being combined to a tool comprises a light emitting handle having a receiving hole at one end thereof. A transparent plug made of hard plastics; .the transparent plug having a shape coupled to the receiving hole; the transparent plug installed in the receiving hole of the light emitting handle and having a via hole. A metal plate is in the via hole; one tip end of the metal plate being protruded from one end of the transparent plug so that the light emitting device is as an opener; or an insertable pencil or a refill of a pen is assembled into the via hole of the light emitting handle so that the light emitting handle has the function of writing; or a telescopic tube is installed in the via hole of the transparent plug. The transparent plug can be mixed with fluorescent emitting material.

Abstract: A fluorescence inspection spectrometer uses a stimulated light beam emitted by a light source, passes through the first collimator, the polarization beam splitter, and the objective lens, and then focuses on a test object to detect the excited fluorescence. Through the first optical filter module, the second collimator, and the reception of the photo detector, the fluorescence is converted into an output signal for fluorescence signal analysis. The feature is that the objective lens is installed on an actuator. More accurate data can be measured by fine-tuning the actuator so that the objective lens reaches its optimal focal position.

Abstract: A testing design for flip chip connection process. In one embodiment the testing design has a substrate, a plurality of connections formed on said substrate, at least one integrated device and a plurality of bumps formed on said integrated device, wherein at least one of said bumps is electrically connected to said plurality of connectors to form an electrical channel.

Abstract: A fluorescent auxiliary testing apparatus includes a light source module which emits a laser light to pass through a collimator, a dichroic mirror, and a first converging lens to project a testing object. The testing object emits a corresponding testing fluorescent light which passes through a filter assembly and a second converging lens and is received by a photo detector for generating a photoelectric signal. The photoelectric signal is transferred to a data processing equipment to perform test and analysis processes. The apparatus has a small size and a simple structure, and may be fabricated at a low cost.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) having a narrow cell gap is produced by a one-drop fill (ODF) process. Openings are formed in the protection layer on a thin film transistor (TFT) array substrate. These openings are located on the corresponding positions of photoresist spacers and a photoresist guard ring on a color filter substrate to receive the photoresist spacers and the photoresist guard ring and allow them to be in contact with the TFT array substrate. Therefore, the poor display quality problem caused by the photoresist spacers and the photoresist guard ring with uneven heights can be resolved.

Abstract: A testing design for flip chip connection process. In one embodiment the testing design has a substrate, a plurality of connections formed on said substrate, at least one integrated device and a plurality of bumps formed on said integrated device, wherein at least one of said bumps is electrically connected to said plurality of connectors to form an electrical channel.