Abstract: A linear piezoelectric motor which includes a piezoelectric actuator; an actuator container which contains the piezoelectric actuator; an actuator slope which is supported by and slidably connected to an actuator slope support, the actuator slope is able to correspond with a surface portion of the actuator container; an output bar which shares a common axis with the actuator and the actuator container and comes in contact with at least one of the actuator and the actuator container on one end of the output bar and an axial load is applied on an opposite end of the output bar; and at least one output slope which is slidably connected to at least one output support.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for selectively removing one or more organic and inorganic and also preferably one or more inorganic contaminants from plating baths. More particularly, the invented method relates to the use of a source of energy in combination with chemical oxidants, alone or in conjunction with a catalyst to oxidize organic contaminants in the plating bath to a level such that the electroplating bath can be recovered and reused after appropriate chemical adjustment. The oxidative treatment method may be a continuous process or a batch process that is performed in a single pass. Residual organics, if desired and chloride ions in the bath are removed from the solution by a chemisorption or physisorption treatment. Inorganic contaminants are removed from the electroplating bath by selective ion exchange resins or electrodialysis, while particulate and suspended colloidal particles are removed by filtration before the treated plating bath is recycled.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for selectively removing organic and inorganic contaminants from plating baths. More particularly, the invented method relates to the use of a source of energy in combination with chemical oxidants, alone or in conjunction with a catalyst to oxidize organic contaminants in the plating bath to a level such that the electroplating bath can be recovered and reused after appropriate chemical adjustment. The oxidative treatment method may be a continuous process or a batch process that is performed in a single pass and the endpoint of the oxidative process detected by a sensor. Residual organics, and chloride ions in the bath are removed from the solution by a chemisorption or physisorption treatment. Inorganic contaminants are removed from the electroplating bath by selective ion exchange resins or electrodialysis, while particulate and suspended colloidal particles are removed by filtration before the treated plating bath is recycled.

Abstract: Volatile low melting solid Cu(II) metal complexes are provided which are capable of depositing a copper film on various substrates under CVD conditions in the absence of reducing carrier gas H2. These CU(II) metal complexes are represented by the structure formula: Cu(OCCF3R1CH2NHR2)2 wherein R1 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 lower-alkyl or perfluorinated C1-C4 lower-alkyl groups, e.g., CH3, and CF3, etc., and wherein R2 is C1-C6 lower-alkyl or C1-C6 lower-alkene, which may be substituted by one or more fluorine atoms, by a C1-C6 lower-alkoxy group or by a C1-C6 di-lower-alkyl amino group, provided that when R1 is CF3, R2 is other than hydrogen or methyl. A process for depositing copper film using these Cu(II) metal complexes is also provided.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing microspheres, films and coatings from protein or modified protein in which the protein product is stabilized by carrying out the preparation in the presence of an aqueous solution of at least one .alpha.-hydroxy acid. Preferred .alpha.-hydroxy acids are glycolic acid, lactic acid, .alpha.-hydroxybutyric acid or a mixture of two or more thereof. The microspheres, films and coatings so produced have improved stability in aqueous solution.

Abstract: In a digital data link system which transmits and receives frequency-shift keyed digital data over mark/space frequency channels, the invention enhances system performance in the presence of noise. The method utilizes two synchronization channels, selecting the better one to synchronize the receiver to the transmitter. The method teaches the accumulation of the results of a plurality of data-state determining measurements and the utilization of the accumulated measurements made during a baud interval to resolve the received mark/space frequency signal into a corresponding mark/space data-state signal. Apparatus to practice the method is described. The apparatus includes a timing recovery circuit for synchronization-channel selection and a digital frequency detector capable of extracting information from a data signal in the presence of noise having the same frequency as the data signal and up to 86.6% of the amplitude of the data signal.