Abstract: A method of mapping virtual optical networks (VONs) to a physical network that includes physical links that connect physical nodes. The method includes reading physical network information, VON demands, and technology constraints of the physical network. The method includes determining whether an iteration parameter violates an iterative condition that determines whether to continue processing the VON demands. If not, the method includes determining whether there are unprocessed subgroups of the VON demands. In response to there being unprocessed subgroups, the method includes selecting a subgroup of the VONs. The method includes computing feasible mapping patterns for the subgroup of the VONs. The method includes finding a size of a largest subset of the subgroup that has a feasible mapping and slot assignment solution. The method includes finding a mapping solution of the subset that has a feasible slot assignment and a slot assignment of the mapping solution.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optical path computation based on a reachability matrix may rely on matrix multiplication to determine a number and respective network locations of regenerators for establishing an end-to-end reachable path in an optical network between a source node and a destination node. The reachability matrix may specify directly reachable optical paths between nodes in the optical network.

Abstract: A chemoenzymatic method for the preparation of a homogeneous glycoprotein or glycopeptide, including (a) providing an acceptor selected from the group consisting of GlcNAc-protein and GlcNAc-peptide; and (b) reacting the acceptor with a donor substrate including an activated oligosaccharide moiety, in the presence of a catalyst comprising endoglycosidase (ENGase), to transfer the oligosaccharide moiety to the acceptor and yield the homogeneous glycoprotein or glycopeptide. The donor substrate includes, in a specific implementation, a synthetic oligosaccharide oxazoline. A related method of glycoprotein or glycopeptide remodeling with a predetermined natural N-glycan or a tailor-made oligosaccharide moiety, and a method of remodeling an antibody including a heterogeneous sugar chain, are also described. The disclosed methodology enables glycoprotein drugs to be modified for prolonged half-life in vivo, reduced immunogenicity, and enhanced in vivo activity, and for targeting and drug delivery.

Abstract: A chemoenzymatic method for the preparation of a homogeneous glycoprotein or glycopeptide, including (a) providing an acceptor selected from the group consisting of GlcNAc-protein and GlcNAc-peptide; and (b) reacting the acceptor with a donor substrate including an activated oligosaccharide moiety, in the presence of a catalyst comprising endoglycosidase (ENGase), to transfer the oligosaccharide moiety to the acceptor and yield the homogeneous glycoprotein or glycopeptide. The donor substrate includes, in a specific implementation, a synthetic oligosaccharide oxazoline. A related method of glycoprotein or glycopeptide remodeling with a predetermined natural N-glycan or a tailor-made oligosaccharide moiety, and a method of remodeling an antibody including a heterogeneous sugar chain, are also described. The disclosed methodology enables glycoprotein drugs to be modified for prolonged half-life in vivo, reduced immunogenicity, and enhanced in vivo activity, and for targeting and drug delivery.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a graphene modulated high-k oxide and metal gate Ge-based MOS device, which comprises the following steps: 1) introducing a graphene thin film on a Ge-based substrate; 2) conducting fluorination treatment to the graphene thin film to form fluorinated graphene; 3) activating the surface of the fluorinated graphene by adopting ozone plasmas, and then forming a high-k gate dielectric on the surface of the fluorinated graphene through an atomic layer deposition technology; and 4) forming a metal electrode on the surface of the high-k gate dielectric. Since the present invention utilizes the graphene as a passivation layer to inhibit the formation of unstable oxide GeOx on the surface of the Ge-based substrate and to stop mutual diffusion between the gate dielectric and the Ge-based substrate, the interface property between Ge and the high-k gate dielectric layer is improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides for recombinant Endo-S mutants that exhibit reduced hydrolysis activity and increased transglycosylation activity for the synthesis of glycoproteins wherein a desired sialylated oxazoline or synthetic oligosaccharide oxazoline is added to a core fucosylated or nonfucosylated GlcNAc-protein acceptor. Such recombinant Endo-S mutants are useful for efficient glycosylation remodeling of IgG1-Fc domain to provide different antibody glycoforms carrying structurally well-defined Fc N-glycans.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for text input protection are provided. Text content inputted in an input field can be saved, after the text content inputted by a user in the input field of a browser on a mobile terminal is detected. When the browser is abnormally terminated while the user inputting the text content, the browser can be restarted and the saved text content can be imported into the input field. An exemplary apparatus can include a storage unit, an importing unit, and/or a cleanup unit.

Abstract: The present application discloses methods and systems for synchronizing duplicated contents between multiple terminals. By establishing a mapping relationship between multiple accounts for different application programs installed on different terminals, a server may transmit captured contents between the accounts so that the contents are displayed and/or further distributed. After receiving a content forwarding request from a second account associated with a browser application in a second terminal, the server may process the content forwarding request, which includes the captured contents and identifiers. Using the identifiers and the mapping relationship, the server may identify a first terminal with an instant messaging application having a first account. The captured contents may be transferred to the first account so that the captured contents may be displayed and/or further distributed. The present application provides additional convenience and efficiency for multi-terminal operations.

Abstract: A method employing resource orchestration algorithms may find a fewest number of working data centers (DCs) to guarantee K-connect survivability using an overlay network representing a physical optical network. The overlay network may not include certain topological features of the physical optical network. A risk-based algorithm may result in fewer working DCs for K-connect survivability. A delay-based algorithm may be more suitable for delay-sensitive cloud applications.

Abstract: A method and device for dual layer beamforming are disclosed to solve the problems of bad beam directivity and poor beamforming effect in current methods for beamforming wherein the method comprises: receiving sounding reference signal (SRS) sent by the terminal wherein the broadband occupied when sending the SRS is divided into a plurality of sub-bands by the terminal; determining the broadband beamforming vector corresponding to the broadband and the sub-band beamforming vector corresponding to each sub-band respectively according to the SRS; determining two polarized-direction beamforming vectors corresponding to each sub-band respectively according to the broadband beamforming vector corresponding to the broadband or the sub-band beamforming vector corresponding to each sub-band; and directed to each sub-band, adopting the two polarized-direction beamforming vectors corresponding to the sub-band for dual layer beamforming.

Abstract: A method of mapping virtual optical networks (VONs) to a physical network that includes physical links that connect physical nodes. The method includes reading physical network information, VON demands, and technology constraints of the physical network. The method includes determining whether an iteration parameter violates an iterative condition that determines whether to continue processing the VON demands. If not, the method includes determining whether there are unprocessed subgroups of the VON demands. In response to there being unprocessed subgroups, the method includes selecting a subgroup of the VONs. The method includes computing feasible mapping patterns for the subgroup of the VONs. The method includes finding a size of a largest subset of the subgroup that has a feasible mapping and slot assignment solution. The method includes finding a mapping solution of the subset that has a feasible slot assignment and a slot assignment of the mapping solution.

Abstract: Virtual optical network (VON) provisioning using implicit encoding of mapping constraints may include evaluating mapping choices to exclude certain mapping patterns before evaluating the mapping patterns. For each virtual node in a VON request, candidate physical nodes may be assigned and evaluated for compliance with constraints associated with the VON request. The constraints may be expanded to allow for various selection criteria for the VON request. Multiple VON requests may be simultaneously evaluated to find optimal solutions for the physical network.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and electronic device for video definition switching. The method comprises: loading a first fragment file of a first definition video from a pre-set second level cache region to a video stream cache region to be played; receiving a definition switching instruction; acquiring a configuration file of a second definition video from a video server according to the instruction; determining a second fragment file which corresponds to the first fragment file and meets a smooth switching condition in the second definition video; sequentially loading all fragment files arranged after the second fragment file in the second definition video to the second level cache region; and loading the fragment files to the video stream cache region after the first fragment file is played completely, and starting to play the second definition video.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an information sharing method, an information sharing apparatus, and an electronic device. The method is implemented by a first electronic device. The method includes: when it is detected that an electronic device binding option built in a browser is triggered, retrieving a dialog box built in the browser, where at least one electronic device binding function option may be set in the dialog box; when it is detected that an electronic device binding function option is triggered, executing a corresponding electronic device binding function in the background, and sending first information to a server; and after the server determines that a preset correspondence exists between second information sent by a second electronic device and the first information and establishes a binding relationship between the first electronic device and the second electronic device, sharing information between the first electronic device and the second electronic device.

Abstract: Methods and devices for batch scanning 2D barcodes are provided by using a 2D barcode positioning process to determine a barcode area corresponding to each 2D barcode of a plurality of 2D barcodes in an image. According to the barcode area corresponding to each 2D barcode, the image containing the plurality of 2D barcodes can be segmented to provide a plurality of 2D barcode images with each barcode image corresponding to one 2D barcode of the plurality of 2D barcodes. Each barcode image of the plurality of 2D barcode images corresponding to the plurality of 2D barcodes can be decoded to obtain data contained in each barcode image. An exemplary device can include a positioning module, a segmenting module, and a decoding module.

Abstract: A method employing resource orchestration algorithms may find a fewest number of working data centers (DCs) to guarantee K-connect survivability and a fewest number of virtual machines (VMs) among the DCs using an overlay network representing a physical optical network. The overlay network may exclude certain topological features of the physical optical network. An intra-request VM sharing method may share VMs among DCs allocated for an aggregation request. An intra-request VM sharing method may share VMs among DCs represented in the overlay network and among multiple aggregation requests.

Abstract: A speech searching method and a speech searching device are provided. The method includes: receiving a speech; converting the speech into a text and performing a semantic recognition on the text to obtain a result of the semantic recognition; determining a searching demand by combining the result of the semantic recognition with a current geographic position and/or a search context; performing a search according to the searching demand, obtaining services satisfying the searching demand and providing the services.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for information searching. The method includes: displaying a shooting interface for image search, and displaying guide information in the shooting interface; obtaining an image shot according to the guide information; and obtaining a search result according to the image shot and displaying the search result. With the present method for information searching, an accuracy rate of the image search may be improved, and requirements of a user may be better satisfied.

Abstract: A browser operation and control method is provided for a server and a client having a browser. The server receives a query request message from the client, and the query request message contains a character string converted by the client from voice information inputted by a user of the client. The server obtains control information for operating the browser based on the character string in the query request message, and the control information indicating one of a plurality results provided by the server including a direct URL based on the character string, a direct operation command based on the character string, and a search result page based on the character string. The server sends a query response message containing the control information to the client such that the client operates the browser based on the control information in response to the voice information inputted by the user.

Abstract: Flexible VON provisioning may include calculating a candidate mapping pattern to satisfy a virtual optical network (VON) demand based on virtual-to-physical node mapping choices. A distance-adaptive routing and spectral slot assignment evaluation of the candidate mapping pattern may be performed. When the VON demand is satisfied by the candidate mapping pattern, the candidate mapping pattern may be added to a valid mapping patterns list. A final mapping pattern may be selected from the valid mapping patterns list, the final mapping pattern having one of a lowest slot layer and a smallest overall slot usage on the valid mapping patterns list. Then, network resources may be reserved based on the final mapping pattern selected to service the VON demand.