Abstract: A process of growing graphene includes: (1) providing a metal substrate; (2) annealing the metal substrate up to a growth temperature for an annealing time period and in the presence of a non-reducing gas; and (3) introducing a gas mixture to grow graphene over the metal substrate. The gas mixture includes a first gas and a second gas that is a carbon-containing precursor, a molar ratio of the first gas and the second gas is at least 100, and introducing the gas mixture is carried out at a pressure up to 100 mbar.

Abstract: A manufacturing method includes: (1) providing M-M? nanowires, wherein M? is at least one sacrificial metal different from M; and (2) subjecting the M-M? nanowires to electrochemical de-alloying to form jagged M nanowires.

Abstract: An electrode material includes a catalyst support and Pt—Ni-M-M? nanostructures affixed to the catalyst support. M is a transition metal different from Pt and Ni, and M? is a transition metal different from Pt, Ni, and M.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin film includes: (1) providing an ink composition including nanoplates of a layered material disposed in a liquid dispersion medium; (2) applying the ink composition over a substrate to form a coating; and (3) annealing the coating to form a thin film of the layered material over the substrate.

Abstract: A palladium hydride nanomaterial includes nanostructures having a chemical composition represented by the formula: My-PdxHz, where M is at least one metal different from palladium; x has a non-zero value in the range of 0 to 5; y has a value in the range of 0 to 5; and z has a non-zero value in the range of 0 to 5.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing all-optically generated, on-chip propagated and high-efficiency tunable plasmons are described. The plasmon generating apparatus includes a graphene based silicon nitride waveguide (GSiNW) utilizing ‘C+L’ band light sources and detectors that take advantage of the surface 2nd nonlinearity on graphene. The optical generation is accomplished via one or more optical communication lasers through the difference-frequency generation process. The THz frequency and intensity is tunable via an external gate voltage. Using such a device the optical to THz conversion may be made at least an order of magnitude more efficient than prior THz sources, and can be used to make chip-scale room-temperature THz sources, switches, modulators and detectors based on graphene.

Abstract: A method of forming a graphene-based material includes: (1) treating a mixture including an etchant and graphene oxide sheets to yield formation of holey graphene oxide sheets; (2) dispersing the holey graphene oxide sheets in a re-dispersal solvent to yield a holey graphene oxide dispersion including the holey graphene oxide sheets; and (3) treating the holey graphene oxide dispersion under reducing conditions to yield self-assembly of the holey graphene oxide sheets into a graphene-based material.

Abstract: An electrode material includes a catalyst support and Pt—Ni nanostructures affixed to the catalyst support. The Pt—Ni nanostructures are doped with at least one dopant M.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrode material includes: (1) loading an electrochemically active material onto graphene sheets; (2) combining the electrochemically active material-loaded graphene sheets with holey graphene oxide sheets to form a mixture; and (3) treating the mixture under reducing conditions to form a composite including a graphene framework loaded with the electrochemically active material.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery includes: 1) an anode; 2) a cathode; and 3) an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode and including lithium ions. The anode includes a graphene framework film including interconnected graphene sheets, and the graphene framework film has a specific surface area of 600 m2g?1 or more.

Abstract: A palladium hydride nanomaterial includes nanostructures having a chemical composition represented by the formula: My—PdxHz, where M is at least one metal different from palladium; x has a non-zero value in the range of 0 to 5; y has a value in the range of 0 to 5; and z has a non-zero value in the range of 0 to 5.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides supercapacitors that may avoid shortcomings of current energy storage technology. Provided herein are materials and fabrication processes of such supercapacitors. In some embodiments, an electrochemical system comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode comprises a three dimensional porous reduced graphene oxide framework.

Abstract: A method of forming a thin film includes: (1) providing an ink composition including nanoplates of a layered material disposed in a liquid dispersion medium; (2) applying the ink composition over a substrate to form a coating; and (3) annealing the coating to form a thin film of the nanoplates over the substrate.

Abstract: A vertically stacked heterostructure device includes: (1) a substrate; and (2) vertically stacked layers disposed over the substrate and including (a) a source electrode including a layer of graphene; (b) a drain electrode; and (c) a semiconducting channel disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode. During operation of the device, a current is configured to flow between the source electrode and the drain electrode through the semiconducting channel.

Abstract: A metal-air battery includes: (1) a metal anode; (2) a cathode including a graphene membrane; and (3) an electrolyte disposed between the metal anode and the cathode, where the graphene membrane includes graphene in an amount of at least 80% by weight of the graphene membrane.

Abstract: Described here is a graphene-catalysts conjugate, comprising: a graphene support; a first catalyst conjugated to the graphene support; and a second catalyst conjugated to the graphene support, and the second catalyst is different from the first catalyst. In some embodiments, the first catalyst and the second catalyst correspond to a tandem catalytic system to drive a chemical transformation.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor includes a pair of electrodes and an electrolyte disposed between the pair of electrodes. At least a first electrode of the pair of electrodes includes a graphene framework film, and the graphene framework film includes interconnected graphene sheets with nanopores formed in the graphene sheets.

Abstract: A silicide-air battery includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes a metal silicide represented as MxSiy, where M is at least one metal selected from alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and post-transition metals.

Abstract: A process of growing graphene includes: (1) providing a metal substrate; (2) annealing the metal substrate up to a growth temperature for an annealing time period and in the presence of a non-reducing gas; and (3) introducing a gas mixture to grow graphene over the metal substrate. The gas mixture includes a first gas and a second gas that is a carbon-containing precursor, a molar ratio of the first gas and the second gas is at least 100, and introducing the gas mixture is carried out at a pressure up to 100 mbar.

Abstract: A vertically stacked heterostructure device includes: (1) a substrate; and (2) vertically stacked layers disposed over the substrate and including (a) a source electrode including a layer of graphene; (b) a drain electrode; and (c) a semiconducting channel disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode. During operation of the device, a current is configured to flow between the source electrode and the drain electrode through the semiconducting channel.