Abstract: The wet traction of a vehicle tire is significantly improved when about 5 phr to about 200 phr of a surface-treated (hydrophobated) siliceous or oxidic filler is included in the vulcanized rubber compound used for the tire tread.

Abstract: Methods and systems for estimating a value of a static or time varying magnetic field that is present. In a first embodiment, a layer of a magnetostrictive (MNS) material and a layer of a piezoresistive (PZR) material are combined and exposed to the unknown magnetic field, and a current source and charge-carrying line are connected between two spaced apart locations in the PZR layer. A meter measures a voltage difference or current between the two locations and estimates the value of the magnetic field. In a second embodiment, a layer of a magnetostrictive (MNS) material and a layer of a piezoelectric (PZT) material are combined and exposed to a combination of the unknown magnetic field and a selected time varying magnetic field. A meter measures a voltage change, current change or other electrical variable between two spaced apart locations at two or more selected times and estimates the value of the unknown magnetic field.

Abstract: Method and system for analyzing local composition and structure of a compound having one or more non-zero gradients in concentration for one or more selected constituents in a selected direction. A beam of X rays having representative energy E is received by a mono-capillary or poly-capillary device and is directed at a selected small region of the compound. A portion of the X rays is diffracted at the selected region by one or more constituents of the compound, at each of two or more diffraction angles relative to a selected surface or lattice plane(s) of the compound; and the diffracted portion of X rays for each of these diffraction angles is received and analyzed at an X-ray detector. A portion of the X rays excites fluorescence radiation that is received by a fluorescence detector to estimate the relative concentrations in a compound having two or more constituents. Fluorescence X rays and diffraction X rays can be detected at each desired translational position and rotation for a target site.

Abstract: A catalyst system and method for making carbon fibrils is provided which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising nickel and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; chromium and iron; chromium and molybdenum; chromium, molybdenum, and iron; aluminum; yttrium and iron; yttrium, iron and aluminum; zinc; copper; yttrium; yttrium and chromium; and yttrium, chromium and zinc. In a further aspect of the invention, a catalyst system and method is provided for making carbon fibrils which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising cobalt and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; aluminum; zinc; copper; copper and zinc; copper, zinc, and chromium; copper and iron; copper, iron, and aluminum; copper and nickel; and yttrium, nickel and copper.

Abstract: A catalyst system and method for making carbon fibrils is provided which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising nickel and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; chromium and iron; chromium and molybdenum; chromium, molybdenum, and iron; aluminum; yttrium and iron; yttrium, iron and aluminum; zinc; copper; yttrium; yttrium and chromium; and yttrium, chromium and zinc. In a further aspect of the invention, a catalyst system and method is provided for making carbon fibrils which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising cobalt and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; aluminum; zinc; copper; copper and zinc; copper, zinc, and chromium; copper and iron; copper, iron, and aluminum; copper and nickel; and yttrium, nickel and copper.

Abstract: A catalyst system and method for making carbon fibrils is provided which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising nickel and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; chromium and iron; chromium and molybdenum; chromium, molybdenum, and iron; aluminum; yttrium and iron; yttrium, iron and aluminum; zinc; copper; yttrium; yttrium and chromium; and yttrium, chromium and zinc. In a further aspect of the invention, a catalyst system and method is provided for making carbon fibrils which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising cobalt and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; aluminum; zinc; copper; copper and zinc; copper, zinc, and chromium; copper and iron; copper, iron, and aluminum; copper and nickel; and yttrium, nickel and copper.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and a computer system enabling high-throughput combinatorial synthesis and screening of lighting phosphors. The system links hardware instrumentation for synthesis and screening. It records, sorts, and analyzes photo-metric data gathered from the combinatorial studies, along with the characteristics of the combinatory processes. The system provides a database as the data storage and query engine, an analysis module as the processor for analytical operations, and an interface for accepting the user's input and displaying the analysis results and other information requested by the user.

Abstract: A system and method for routing wires using an automated circuit design tool includes a process for order negotiation to adjust the ordering of wires back and forth between conduits by considering both inter-region and intra-region constraints on the layout of the wires. Order negotiation is preferably carried out by looking both forward and backward during the processing of channels, and by flexibly accounting for intra-region, crosstalk, and grouping constraints, as well as conduit exit constraints. Pairs of nets within a conduit are classified in different categories, including (1) having internal constraints, and (2) not having internal constraints. Nets having internal constraints are generally used in order negotiation for limited purposes (e.g., breaking a loop), whereas nets having no internal constraints are generally used in order negotiation for a variety of other purposes as well, including improving the layout of other conduits.

Abstract: A novel scanning microscope is described that uses near-field evanescent electromagnetic waves to probe sample properties. The novel microscope is capable of high resolution imaging and quantitative measurements of the electrical properties of the sample. The inventive scanning evanescent wave electromagnetic microscope (SEMM) can map dielectric constant, tangent loss, conductivity, complex electrical impedance, and other electrical parameters of materials. The quantitative map corresponds to the imaged detail. The novel microscope can be used to measure electrical properties of both dielectric and electrically conducting materials.

Abstract: A polymer gel composition having a Shore A hardness less than 20. The polymer gel composition includes a polymer having at least 2 blocks derived from a vinyl-substituted aromated hydrocarbon, a R1R2ethylene, an alkyl vinyl ether, a maleimide, and a conjugated diene. At least one hydrophobic filler is included and, optionally, an extender. If maleimide is chosen, a maleated polyalkylene and a grafting agent are also included in the polymer composition.

Abstract: A circuit includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter for multiplexing between a number of analog input signals and converting the selected analog input signals to a digital code representation. The A/D converter includes a comparator having a first input terminal connected to receive the first signal having a number of levels, a second input terminal connected to receive a multiple number of analog input signals, and a third input terminal for receiving a multiple number of input select signals. The comparator includes a multiplexer coupling the multiple number of analog input signals to a multiple number of corresponding input signal paths. The multiplexer selects one of the multiple number of input signal paths based on the multiple number of input select signals. In one embodiment, the A/D converter is applied in a digital image sensor for performing pixel-level analog-to-digital conversion using a multi-channel bit serial ADC technique.

Abstract: A catalyst system and method for making carbon fibrils is provided which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising nickel and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; chromium and iron; chromium and molybdenum; chromium, molybdenum, and iron; aluminum; yttrium and iron; yttrium, iron and aluminum; zinc; copper; yttrium; yttrium and chromium; and yttrium, chromium and zinc. In a further aspect of the invention, a catalyst system and method is provided for making carbon fibrils which comprises a catalytic amount of an inorganic catalyst comprising cobalt and one of the following substances selected from the group consisting of chromium; aluminum; zinc; copper; copper and zinc; copper, zinc, and chromium; copper and iron; copper, iron, and aluminum; copper and nickel; and yttrium, nickel and copper.

Abstract: Systems and methods for high throughput fabrication and analysis of an array of coated materials. The systems include a movable substrate having a plurality of predefined regions, where a plurality of materials are provided for coating the substrate. A delivery mechanism associated with the plurality of materials delivers a continuously varying mixture of the plurality of materials onto the surface of the substrate. The methods include delivering a continuously varying mixture of a plurality of materials onto the surface of a movable substrate having a plurality of predefined regions to form a predefined coating on each of the regions.

Abstract: A system and method for performing low-power analog-to-digital conversion in digital imaging system utilizing a time-indexed multiple sampling technique is presented. The analog-to-digital converter is switched off when the digital image signal resulting from an exposure time selected from a plurality of exposure times satisfies a threshold value.

Abstract: An electron emitter includes a coating layer of a mixture of carbon nanotubes and alkali-earth metal oxides on an electrically conducting structure. The preferred carbon nanotubes are those having a diameter less than about 200 nm. A substantial portion of electron emission is liberated from the carbon nanotubes, thus lessening the requirement on the alkali-earth oxides. Such an electron emitter is advantageously used in gas discharge devices to increase the energy efficiency thereof.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided fully human monoclonal antibodies against human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-r). Nucelotide sequences encoding and amino acid sequences comprising heavy and light chain immunoglobulin molecules, particularly sequences corresponding to contiguous heavy and light chain sequences from CDR1 through CDR3, are provided. Hybridomas expressing such immunoglobulin molecules and monoclonal antibodies are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for high throughput fabrication and analysis of an array of coated materials. The systems include a movable substrate having a plurality of predefined regions, where a plurality of materials are provided for coating the substrate. A delivery mechanism associated with the plurality of materials delivers a continuously varying mixture of the plurality of materials onto the surface of the substrate. The methods include delivering a continuously varying mixture of a plurality of materials onto the surface of a movable substrate having a plurality of predefined regions to form a predefined coating on each of the regions.

Abstract: Around a push button formed on an arm 3, teeth are disposed at a regular angle, and around the push button inserting hole in a handle 4 grooves are disposed corresponding to the teeth, thereby, by biasing the arm 3 with a compressed coil spring to engage the teeth with the grooves. Whereby, by pushing the push button to cause the arm to stroke, the engagement of the teeth and the groove is released to cause the arm 3 to turn and by freeing the push button the teeth and the grooves are engaged, thereby the arm 3 is positioned and held at a desired position.

Abstract: A method includes providing a substrate and depositing components of a test contaminant library onto regions of the substrate to form at least two test contaminant members of the library. In another method, a chemical cleaning solution is selected by combinatorial high throughput screening. In the method, components of a test contaminant library are deposited onto regions of a substrate to form at least two test contaminant members of the library. The substrate is cleaned with a cleaning solution and cleanliness of the substrate evaluated to select a cleaning solution for at least one of the contaminant members. In a final embodiment, the invention is a combinatorial high throughput screening array plate, comprising (A) a substrate and (B) a test contaminant library deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A polymer gel composition having a Shore A hardness less than 20. The polymer gel composition includes a polymer having at least 2 blocks derived from a vinyl-substituted aromated hydrocarbon, a R1R2ethylene, an alkyl vinyl ether, a maleimide, and a conjugated diene. At least one hydrophobic filler is included and, optionally, an extender. If maleimide is chosen, a maleated polyalkylene and a grafting agent are also included in the polymer composition.