Abstract: Systems and methods for multidimensional beam refinement procedures and signaling for millimeter wave WLANs. In some embodiments, there are multi-dimensional enhanced beam refinement protocol MAC and PHY frame designs that extend the MAC packet and the PPDU format with or without backwards compatibility. The multiple dimensions may be supported jointly or separately. In other embodiments, the increased data signaled in the eBRP frame designs may be more efficiently signaled with reduced BRP frame sizes, such as through a training type dependent BRP minimum duration selection procedure or use of null data packet BRP frames. In further embodiments, the maximum duration of the interframe spacing between BPR packets may be varied to improve the efficiency of BRP operation.

Abstract: A method for high efficiency (HE) acknowledgement transmission may be performed by a station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. The method may include receiving a downlink (DL) frame indicating a resource allocation for the STA to transmit an uplink (UL) transmission. It may further include transmitting an acknowledgement frame in a single-user (SU) transmission or multi-user (MU) transmission, where the acknowledgement frame includes an indication of an operation mode change.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein provide procedures for power efficient and rapid access point (AP) discovery using wake up radios. Additional embodiments provide procedures for securely waking up stations (STAs) using wake up radios (WURs). Methods are further described herein for coverage range detection and STA roaming for wake up radios. Further embodiments relate to procedures for coexistence for wake up radios and primary connectivity radios.

Abstract: Provided are a compound represented by formula (I), an isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an application of the same in preparing a drug for treating a disease related to A2A receptor. The R1, R2, R3, ring A, ring B, n, and m are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be configured to support coordinated orthogonal block-based resource allocation (COBRA) operations. An access point (AP) may be configured to indicate to a plurality of stations (STA)s that it may support COBRA. Each WTRU may be configured to indicate to the AP that it can support COBRA as well. The AP may be configured to transmit a COBRA controller information element (IE) comprising a plurality of fields to each of the WTRUs. Each WTRU may be configured to transmit a COBRA controllee IE comprising a plurality of fields. STA grouping management, group maintenance, channel access, beamforming, sounding and frequency and synchronization procedures are also described.

Abstract: Provided are a SiC/ZrC composite fiber, a preparation method and use thereof. The SiC/ZrC composite fiber has a diameter of 10 to 70 ?m. The method includes mixing liquid polycarbosilane with a zirconium-containing polymer to obtain a hybrid spinning solution, and then performing electrospinning to obtain a SiC/ZrC composite fiber precursor, crosslinking and thermally treating the SiC/ZrC composite fiber precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain the SiC/ZrC composite fiber. The SiC/ZrC composite fiber is continuous and uniform, has an adjustable diameter, and thus has outstanding tensile strength and breaking strength and excellent high-temperature resistance. Without use of any organic solvent or spinning agent, the method achieves short process flow and high yield, indicating wide application prospects.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple access schemes for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with full-duplex radios. For example, an access point (AP), in response to receiving a request to send (RTS) from a first station (STA), may transmit a full-duplex clear to send (FD CTS) to the first STA and a full-duplex request to send (FD RTS) to a second STA. In response to transmitting the FD RTS to the second STA, the AP may receive a clear to send (CTS) from the second STA. The AP may transmit, to both the first STA and the second STA, a FD trigger frame that includes scheduling information to enables FD communication with the first STA for uplink (UL) data and the second STA for downlink (DL) data at a same time. The scheduling information may include timing information and channel information for the FD communication.

Abstract: Enhanced protocols and devices may be used to alleviate loss of spectrum efficiency in wideband transmission. The protocols may implement a wideband transmission opportunity (TXOP) truncation where one or more of the channels involved in communication over the wideband are released. In one scenario, an access point (AP) may receive, from a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), a first CF-End frame that includes a duration field and a basic service set identifier (BSSID) field that includes an individual/group bit. On a condition that the individual/group bit of the BSSID field has a value of one (1), the AP may determine that a scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame indicates a bandwidth associated with a transmit opportunity (TXOP) being truncated by the WTRU. The AP may then transmit a second CF-End frame at the bandwidth indicated by the scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information for a first set of resources and a second set of resources for a grantless physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. The WTRU may determine data for transmission using the grantless PUSCH transmission. Based on the data, the WTRU may select resources from the first set or the second set for the grantless PUSCH transmission. Further, the WTRU may send the grantless PUSCH transmission including the data using the selected resources. In an example, the sending of the grantless PUSCH transmission may be part of a random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a two-step random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a random access channel (RACH) procedure. The random access procedure may depend upon a double contention pool setting, and the setting may address at least one of a data pool or a control pool.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for determining a transmit power based on clear channel assessment (CCA) thresholds. A station (STA) associated with a first Basic Service Set (BSS) may receive, from an access point (AP) associated with the first BSS, a clear channel assessment (CCA) value for a group of STAs associated with a second BSS. The CCA value may indicate a minimum CCA threshold for a packet received from the second BSS. The STA may then determine, based on the CCA value, a STA specific CCA parameter and a target CCA parameter. The target CCA parameter may be greater than or equal to the STA specific CCA parameter. Based on the STA specific CCA parameter and the target CCA parameter, the STA may determine a target transmit power control (TPC) parameter of the STA, wherein the sum of target TPC parameter and target CCA parameter is constant.

Abstract: A 3D printing device (100), comprising a melt extrusion module (102), a printing module (103), and a platform module (104). The melt extrusion module (102) comprises a processing chamber (121) consisting of a feed inlet (124) and a discharge outlet (125), as well as an extrusion means (122) and a heating means (123) disposed at the processing chamber; the melt extrusion module (102) is configured to receive an initial material from the feed inlet (124) of the processing chamber (121), and heat and extrude the initial material to convert the initial material into a molten body, which is extruded out of the discharge outlet (125) of the processing chamber (121). The printing module (103) is communicated with the discharge outlet (125) of the processing chamber (121) and is provided with a nozzle (131); the printing module (103) is configured to receive the molten body extruded from the discharge outlet (125) of the processing chamber (121) and guide the molten body to be extruded out of the nozzle (131).

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for performing wake-up radio (WUR) are described herein. A receiving device may comprise a receiver configured to receive a first preamble using a first frequency range. The receiver may be configured to receive, using the first frequency range, a WUR packet after the first preamble, wherein a bandwidth associated with the first WUR packet is smaller than a bandwidth associated with the first preamble. The receiving device may be further configured to receive a second preamble and a second WUR packet, wherein the first preamble is frequency division multiplexed with the second preamble and the first WUR packet is frequency division multiplexed with the second WUR packet, and wherein a bandwidth associated with the second WUR packet is smaller than a bandwidth associated with the second preamble. The first WUR packet and the second WUR packet may have an equal duration of transmission.

Abstract: An AP/PCP may perform user selection/pairing/grouping based on a measurement of an analog transmission (e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)). The SNRs may be used, for example by the station, to determine best beams and/or beam pairs and/or worst beams and/or beam pairs. A station may feed back the best few beams and/or beam pairs for a Tx and Rx virtual antenna pair. A station may feed back the worst few beams for the Tx and Rx virtual antenna pair. The AP/PCP may receive the indication(s) and/or use the indication(s) to group the stations.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for efficient medium access in wake-up radios. In an exemplary embodiment, a wake up frame (WUF) includes fields indicating a wake-up purpose, wake-up scheduling, and a wake-up TX/RX parameter. The wake-up purpose field identifies one of a plurality of predetermined purposes. A STA receives the wake-up frame and determines whether the frame is intended for that STA. If so, the STA responsively performs an action in accordance with the purpose indicated in the purpose field. Purposes that may be indicated in the WIF purpose field may include Listen to Beacon, Uplink Data Transmission, Downlink Data Transmission, and (Re)Association, among others.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for interference discovery for full-duplex data transmission are provided. In an embodiment, a station (STA) receives a full-duplex request message from an access point (AP). The STA transmits a first full-duplex response message to the AP. The STA listens for a second full-duplex response message transmitted from a second STA to the AP. The STA determines a received power of the second full-duplex response message from the second STA to the AP. The STA receives a first trigger message from the AP. The first trigger message includes information to perform full-duplex data transmission. The STA transmits data to the AP in response to the first trigger message. The STA transmits interference information to the AP.

Abstract: A station (STA) may receive a wireless signal including a preamble of a packet. An energy level of the signal received may exceed a clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold. The STA may issue a primitive to stop reception of the packet. Further, the STA may return to a receive state based on the primitive. Additionally, the STA may determine, using a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) protocol, to ignore a payload portion of the packet based on information contained in the preamble and adjust the CCA threshold to account for the payload portion of the packet. The STA may then access a wireless medium using the CSMA protocol during the payload portion of the packet using the adjusted CCA threshold. In a further example, the CCA threshold may be a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) level or a received channel power indicator (RCPI) level.

Abstract: A station (STA) may receive, in a trigger frame in a multi-user wireless local area network (WLAN), control information for one or more sub-bands of a bandwidth available for overlapping basic service set (OBSS) spatial reuse (OBSS SR) and a transmission power parameter for the one or more sub-bands. The STA may generate a physical (PHY) layer preamble including a signal field that includes an indication of the one or more sub-bands for SR and a power threshold for the SR.

Abstract: Systems and methods for multidimensional beam refinement procedures and signaling for millimeter wave WLANs. In some embodiments, there are multi-dimensional enhanced beam refinement protocol MAC and PHY frame designs that extend the MAC packet and the PPDU format with or without backwards compatibility. The multiple dimensions may be supported jointly or separately. In other embodiments, the increased data signaled in the eBRP frame designs may be more efficiently signaled with reduced BRP frame sizes, such as through a training type dependent BRP minimum duration selection procedure or use of null data packet BRP frames. In further embodiments, the maximum duration of the interframe spacing between BPR packets may be varied to improve the efficiency of BRP operation.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) communicating in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system may use efficient acknowledgement (ACK) setup and transmission procedures in conjunction with other transmission and power saving techniques, such as target wake time/restricted access window (TWT/RAW), power save multi-poll (PSMP) and/or transmission opportunity (TXOP) mechanisms. In an example, a WTRU may transmit a frame including an indication that a TWT/RAW (or TXOP) period is scheduled, an indication that multi-WTRU acknowledgement (ACK)/block ACK (BA) will be used for acknowledgement, and/or targeted transmission time(s) for the transmission of multi-WTRU ACK/BA frame(s). The WTRU may trigger the start of the TWT/RAW period, and may receive at least one data frame from another WTRU(s). The WTRU may transmit multi-WTRU ACK/BA frame(s) during the targeted transmission time(s) to acknowledge the at least one data frame received from the other WTRU(s).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for protection of multi-user (MU) transmission are described herein. An apparatus includes a receiver, a transmitter and a processor. The receiver and the processor detect a trigger frame for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The processor and the transmitter generate and send a frame in response to the trigger frame and transmit channel availability information for a plurality of channels in response to the trigger frame. The receiver and the processor detect data in a resource unit (RU) of a downlink (DL) MU physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on one of the plurality of channels. The one of the plurality of channels is based on the transmitted channel availability information.