Abstract: A method, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a base station for transferring small packets are described. The WTRU generates a packet that has one or more of a medium access control (MAC) or a physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) header, the one or more of the MAC or the PLCP header including a field. On a condition that the WTRU has data buffered for transmission, the WTRU includes in the field information that indicates a time or a transmission opportunity (TXOP) needed to transmit at least one packet of data that the WTRU has buffered for transmission. The WTRU transmits the packet to another WTRU in the wireless network. The WTRU receives another packet from the other WTRU with a granted TXO) based on the time needed to transmit the at least one packet of the data that the WTRU has buffered for transmission.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for beamforming training using a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). A WTRU may receive an indication of a number of space time slots (STSs) from an access point (AP) within a beacon frame during a beamforming training allocation. The WTRU may send a response signal to the AP in a specific STS based on a function of the number of STSs. The WTRU may receive an acknowledgement (ACK) from the AP confirming the response was received. Alternatively, the AP may send a signal indicating that a collision occurred and alter the number of STSs, and the WTRU may try again in the next beamforming training allocation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for adjusting an input virtual keyboard and an input apparatus, which are directed to solve the problem of one-hand operation in existing input virtual keyboards. The method comprises: based on a received keyboard floating instruction: adjusting a size of an input window to a screen size; intercepting a click event performed on a touchscreen by a user and detecting the click event; and when the click event is detected as a keyboard adjustment instruction, based on the keyboard adjustment instruction, adjusting at least one of a drawing position and a drawing size of an input view, wherein the input view is a region for drawing the input virtual keyboard in the input window.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be configured to support coordinated orthogonal block-based resource allocation (COBRA) operations. An access point (AP) may be configured to indicate to a plurality of stations (STA)s that it may support COBRA. Each WTRU may be configured to indicate to the AP that it can support COBRA as well. The AP may be configured to transmit a COBRA controller information element (IE) comprising a plurality of fields to each of the WTRUs. Each WTRU may be configured to transmit a COBRA controllee IE comprising a plurality of fields. STA grouping management, group maintenance, channel access, beamforming, sounding and frequency and synchronization procedures are also described.

Abstract: Enhanced protocols and devices may be used to alleviate loss of spectrum efficiency in wideband transmission. The protocols may implement a wideband transmission opportunity (TXOP) truncation where one or more of the channels involved in communication over the wideband are released. In one scenario, an access point (AP) may receive, from a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), a first CF-End frame that includes a duration field and a basic service set identifier (BSSID) field that includes an individual/group bit. On a condition that the individual/group bit of the BSSID field has a value of one (1), the AP may determine that a scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame indicates a bandwidth associated with a transmit opportunity (TXOP) being truncated by the WTRU. The AP may then transmit a second CF-End frame at the bandwidth indicated by the scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to perform wake up radio (WUR) for one or more WUR receivers. For example, the WTRU may transmit a common preamble to a first WUR receiver using a first frequency range. The WTRU may transmit a first WUR packet to the WUR receiver, after the common preamble. The WTRU may transmit the common preamble to a second WUR receiver using a second frequency range. The WTRU may transmit a second WUR packet after the common preamble, The bandwidth associated with the second WUR packet and the bandwidth associated with the first WUR packet may be smaller than the bandwidth associated with the common preamble, which may avoid interference from other transmitters {e.g., 802.11 transmitters, 802.11 stations, and 802.11 radios). The bandwidth associated with the first WUR packet and the bandwidth associated with the second WUR packet may not be coextensive with one another.

Abstract: An AP/PCP may perform user selection/pairing/grouping based on a measurement of an analog transmission (e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)). The SNRs may be used, for example by the station, to determine best beams and/or beam pairs and/or worst beams and/or beam pairs. A station may feed back the best few beams and/or beam pairs for a Tx and Rx virtual antenna pair. A station may feed back the worst few beams for the Tx and Rx virtual antenna pair. The AP/PCP may receive the indication(s) and/or use the indication(s) to group the stations.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for adaptation of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mode in mmW Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems. A first station (STA) may receive a mode change request from a second STA. The mode change request may indicate a mode change for a MIMO mode, a polarization mode, and/or an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) mode. The mode change request may include one or more STA fields. The one or more STA fields may include a STA field associated with the first STA. Each of the one or more STA fields may include a MIMO mode subfield, a polarization mode subfield, and/or an OFDMA mode subfield. The first STA may change the MIMO mode, the polarization mode, and/or the OFDMA mode, for example, based on the mode change request. The first STA may send a mode change response to the second STA.

Abstract: Provided is a polyethylene material and application thereof. A density distribution of the polyethylene material is in a range of 0.880 g/cm3-0.960 g/cm3. An amount of a fraction at a temperature of 40° C. obtained by conducting temperature rising elution fractionation on the polyethylene material is in a range of 9.0 wt %-40.0 wt %, preferably in a range of 10.0 wt %-25.0 wt %, more preferably in a range of 9.9 wt %-20.0 wt %. A melting temperature of the polyethylene material is 110° C.-135° C., preferably 116° C.-130° C. The polyethylene material provided by the present application has distinctly improved amount of medium/low-molecular-weight fractions and high-degree-branching fractions, as well as relatively high-molecular-weight fractions which are highly branched. The polyethylene material thus has a relative high melting temperature.

Abstract: An access point (AP) that supports the IEEE 802.11ba protocol may transmit a frame including a physical layer (PHY) preamble to one or more stations (STAs) over a channel. The PHY preamble may include a plurality of repeated modulated legacy signal (L-SIG) fields to spoof a recipient of the frame and protect a wake up signal (WUS) to be subsequently transmitted by the AP. The AP may transmit the WUS to at least a first STA of the one or more STAs, wherein the at least the first STA is a IEEE 802.11ba compliant STA.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communication in a network of WLAN overlapping basic service set (OBSS) are disclosed. A station or an access point may indicate its interference reporting and inter-BSS coordination capabilities in a message. At least one of quality of service (QoS) settings, transmission opportunity (TXOP), restricted access window (RAW) or beacon subinterval schedules, or traffic indication map (TIM) or uplink access window assignment may be coordinated. The station may receive a request for interference measurements on the basic service set (BSS) of the station or neighboring BSSs that the station can overhear. The station may transmit an interference measurement report to an access point. The coordination may be performed based on the interference measurement report. Furthermore, STAs may transmit channel or sector preferences to APs and receive channel or sector assignments.

Abstract: Aspects described herein may relate to methods, systems, and apparatuses that determine one or more categories associated with a dataset, or a portion thereof. The determination may be performed based on one or more tags associated with the dataset and/or a description associated with the dataset. Further, the determination may be performed by searching an ontology based on the one or more tags and/or the description. The determination may be performed by using a machine-learning model based on the one or more tags and/or the description. Once the one or more categories associated with the dataset are determined, the one or more categories may be used as a basis for modifying the dataset and/or validating the dataset.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for efficient medium access in wake-up radios. In an exemplary embodiment, a wake up frame (WUF) includes fields indicating a wake-up purpose, wake-up scheduling, and a wake-up TX/RX parameter. The wake-up purpose field identifies one of a plurality of predetermined purposes. A STA receives the wake-up frame and determines whether the frame is intended for that STA. If so, the STA responsively performs an action in accordance with the purpose indicated in the purpose field. Purposes that may be indicated in the WIF purpose field may include Listen to Beacon, Uplink Data Transmission, Downlink Data Transmission, and (Re)Association, among others.

Abstract: Some embodiments include apparatuses having non-volatile memory cells, each of the non-volatile memory cells to store more than one bit of information; data lines, at most one of the data lines electrically coupled to each of the non-volatile memory cells; a circuit including transistors coupled to the data lines, the transistors including gates coupled to each other; and an encoder including input nodes and output nodes, the input nodes to receive input information from the data lines through the transistors, and the output nodes to provide output information having a value based on a value of the input information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for network discovery. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may transmit, to a first access point (AP), via a Primary Connectivity Radio (PCR), a request indicating that on a condition that the WTRU is disassociated from the first AP, the WTRU will enter a wake-up radio (WUR) only discovery mode. The WTRU may receive, from the first AP, via the PCR, a management frame that has WUR discovery elements including an indication of at least one channel used by a second AP. The WTRU may perform disassociation from the first AP. The WTRU may activate a WUR and deactivate the PCR. On a condition that the WTRU is disassociated from the first AP, the WTRU may receive, from the second AP, via the WUR, a WUR frame over the at least one channel to enable the WTRU to activate the PCR to initiate association.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise transmitting a first negotiation message to an AP and receiving a second negotiation message from the AP. The first negotiation message and the second negotiation message may negotiate a block acknowledgement agreement between the STA and the AP. The method may further comprise receiving a data unit, from the AP, the data unit having a duration field indicating a duration of a block-ACK frame. The duration of the block-ACK frame may be determined based on the negotiated block ACK agreement. A block-ACK frame may be transmitted within the duration indicated by the duration field.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may perform listen before talk (LBT) on a channel prior to uplink transmission on the channel. The WTRU may adjust an amount of time that the WTRU performs LBT. For example, WTRU may receive a set of transmission opportunities. The WTRU may receive a contention window size (CWS) sequence including a CWS for each transmission opportunity. The CWS sequence may be unique and may be based on the identity of the WTRU. For a given transmission opportunity, the WTRU may select a random number between zero and the CWS for that transmission opportunity. If the channel is clear for at least an amount of time associated with the random number, the WTRU may transmit in the transmission opportunity. If the channel is not clear for at least an amount of time associated with the random number, the WTRU may not transmit in the transmission opportunity.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described to implement an interference management method in WLAN. An access point (AP) or an inter-BSS coordinator (IBC) may identify a station (STA) associated with a first basic service set (BSS) as an edge STA or a non-edge STA. The AP or the IBC may group the edge STA into an edge group and a non-edge STA into a non-edge group. The AP or the IBC may receive information associated with a second BSS. The AP or the IBC may coordinate access of the edge group and/or the non-edge group. The access may be coordinated to minimize interference of the edge STA. The access may be based at least on the received information associated with the second BSS. The AP or the IBC may adjust transmit power of a plurality of STAs identified as edge group STAs and non-edge group STAs.

Abstract: A method performed by STA may comprise receiving, from a first AP, a first beacon frame comprising a first relay information element including a first field that indicates whether a root AP BSSID field is included in the first relay information element, determining that a first root AP BSSID field is included in the first relay information element and determining that the first AP is a relay AP of a root AP identified by the first root AP BSSID field. The method may further comprise receiving, from a second AP, a second beacon frame comprising a second relay information element including a second field that indicates whether a root AP BSSID is included in the second relay information element and determining that a root AP BSSID field is not included in the second information element and determining that the second AP is a root AP.

Abstract: A station (STA) may receive a wireless signal including a preamble of a packet. An energy level of the signal received may exceed a clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold. The STA may determine, using a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) protocol, to ignore a payload portion of the packet based on information contained in the preamble and adjust the CCA threshold to account for the payload portion of the packet. The STA may then access a wireless medium using the CSMA protocol during the payload portion of the packet using the adjusted CCA threshold. In an example, the STA may receive the preamble of the packet via a beamformed signal. In another example, the STA may receive the preamble of the packet via an omni-directional signal. In a further example, the CCA threshold may be a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) level.