Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple AP coordination in wireless local area networks (WLANs). For example, a station (STA) may receive, from a first access points (APs), a probe response frame that includes one or more indicators indicating multiple AP operation capabilities of the first AP and a second AP. The STA may transmit, to at least one of the first AP or the second AP, a multiple AP association request frame that enables the first AP to be associated with the second AP for a multiple AP operation. The STA may receive, from the first AP, a first multiple AP association response frame indicating acceptance or rejection of the multiple AP operation with the first AP. The STA may receive, from the second AP, a second multiple AP association response frame indicating acceptance or rejection of the multiple AP operation with the second AP.

Abstract: Calls run through a virtual desktop infrastructure server are enhanced by testing communication network conditions and selecting, based on the test results, a media channel from a set of supported media channels, including a media channel that is routed through the virtual desktop infrastructure server and encapsulated in a protocol for exchanging data for virtual desktop applications and a more direct media channel that uses a network socket pair between a media server and a personal computing device and bypasses the virtual desktop infrastructure server. In some implementations, call data of multiple types and/or from multiple sources are merged into a single virtual channel of the protocol for exchanging data for virtual desktop applications.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for concurrent link setup and downlink data retrieval, e.g., for high efficiency WLAN. An access point (AP) may send a trigger element that allocates a resource for pre-association transmissions with the AP. The trigger element may allocate the resource for random access and/or deterministic access. The AP may receive, from an unassociated STA, a first frame via one or more resource units (RUs) allocated in the trigger element. The AP may determine a pre-association identifier (PID) that identifies the unassociated STA. The AP may send the PID to the unassociated STA, for example, in the trigger element or in the multi-STA ACK. The AP may send a second frame associated with a multi-user (MU) transmission that includes the PID. The AP may send a trigger frame that includes the PID.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image scaling method and an apparatus thereof. The method includes: for at least one interpolation pixel in a source image, grouping at least two adjacent pixels of the interpolation pixel to obtain adjacent pixel sets; no intersection existing between the adjacent pixel sets; determining, based on position relationships between the interpolation pixel and regions formed by the adjacent pixel sets, virtual interpolation pixels corresponding to the interpolation pixel in the regions formed by the adjacent pixel sets respectively; calculating corresponding pixel sampling values of the virtual interpolation pixels in the source image according to a preset bilinear interpolation algorithm respectively; and generating theoretical pixel values corresponding to the interpolation pixel based on the pixel sampling values corresponding to the virtual interpolation pixels; the theoretical pixel values being configured to perform image scaling on the source image.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for adapting clear channel assessment (CCA) thresholds with or without Transmit Power Control (TPC) are disclosed. An IEEE 802.11 station (STA) may dynamically calculate a STA specific transmit power control (TPC) value and a STA specific clear channel assessment (CCA) value based on a target TPC parameter and a target CCA parameter. The target TPC parameter and the target CCA parameter may be received from an IEEE 802.11 cluster head configured to control TPC and CCA for a plurality of STAs associated with the BSS. The target TPC parameter and the target CCA parameter also may be related. The STA may then determine whether a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) wireless medium of a wireless local area network (WLAN) basic service set (BSS) is occupied or idle based on the STA specific CCA value.

Abstract: A hypothesis stitcher for speech recognition of long-form audio provides superior performance, such as higher accuracy and reduced computational cost. An example disclosed operation includes: segmenting the audio stream into a plurality of audio segments; identifying a plurality of speakers within each of the plurality of audio segments; performing automatic speech recognition (ASR) on each of the plurality of audio segments to generate a plurality of short-segment hypotheses; merging at least a portion of the short-segment hypotheses into a first merged hypothesis set; inserting stitching symbols into the first merged hypothesis set, the stitching symbols including a window change (WC) symbol; and consolidating, with a network-based hypothesis stitcher, the first merged hypothesis set into a first consolidated hypothesis.

Abstract: A method performed by STA may comprise receiving, from a first AP, a first beacon frame comprising a first relay information element including a first field that indicates whether a root AP BSSID field is included in the first relay information element, determining that a first root AP BSSID field is included in the first relay information element and determining that the first AP is a relay AP of a root AP identified by the first root AP BSSID field. The method may further comprise receiving, from a second AP, a second beacon frame comprising a second relay information element including a second field that indicates whether a root AP BSSID is included in the second relay information element and determining that a root AP BSSID field is not included in the second information element and determining that the second AP is a root AP.

Abstract: A method to transmit data from a wireless apparatus includes determining an information block length corresponding to an error correction code, inserting padding bits into at least one protocol data unit, PDU, of a plurality of PDUs such that a padded PDU size is an integer multiple of the determined information block length, and wherein each PDU in a frame of PDUs to be transmitted comprises a PDU size that is an integer multiple of the determined information block length, and transmitting the frame encoded by the error correction code with the determined information block length to a wireless receiver.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for performing wake-up radio (WUR) are described herein. A receiving device may comprise a receiver configured to receive a first preamble using a first frequency range. The receiver may be configured to receive, using the first frequency range, a WUR packet after the first preamble, wherein a bandwidth associated with the first WUR packet is smaller than a bandwidth associated with the first preamble. The receiving device may be further configured to receive a second preamble and a second WUR packet, wherein the first preamble is frequency division multiplexed with the second preamble and the first WUR packet is frequency division multiplexed with the second WUR packet, and wherein a bandwidth associated with the second WUR packet is smaller than a bandwidth associated with the second preamble. The first WUR packet and the second WUR packet may have an equal duration of transmission.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed physical layer signaling in a wireless local area network system are provided. Among the methods is a method that may include any of generating an extremely high throughput (EHT) physical (PHY) layer protocol data unit (PDU) (PPDU) based on a PPDU format defining a preamble comprising (i) a fixed duration universal signaling (U-SIG) field, (ii) an EHT signaling (EHT-SIG) field, and (iii) an EHT short training field (EHT-STF), wherein the U-SIG and EHT-SIG fields respectively comprise an extra signaling indicator and extra signaling to support a third feature; and transmitting the U-SIG and EHT-SIG fields on a first bandwidth segment, followed by the EHT-STF on any of the first bandwidth segment and a second bandwidth segment, followed by (iii) an EHT data field on any of the first and second bandwidth segments.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple access schemes for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with full-duplex radios. For example, an access point (AP), in response to receiving a request to send (RTS) from a first station (STA), may transmit a full-duplex clear to send (FD CTS) to the first STA and a full-duplex request to send (FD RTS) to a second STA. In response to transmitting the FD RTS to the second STA, the AP may receive a clear to send (CTS) from the second STA. The AP may transmit, to both the first STA and the second STA, a FD trigger frame that includes scheduling information to enables FD communication with the first STA for uplink (UL) data and the second STA for downlink (DL) data at a same time. The scheduling information may include timing information and channel information for the FD communication.

Abstract: Devices, methods, and/or systems for broadcasting in a wireless local area network (WLAN). A STA receives a frame from a wireless access point (AP) which includes an indication that an enhanced broadcast service (eBCS) service is ending. The frame may include an end-of-broadcast-service announcement information element, and/or an indication of a time at which the eBCS service is ending. The STA may negotiate with the AP for continuation of the broadcast service if the STA desires to continue receiving the eBCS service beyond the time at which the eBCS service ends. The STA may receive a trigger frame from the AP which triggers a response from the STA indicating that it desires to continue receiving the eBCS service beyond the time at which the eBCS service ends.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communication in a network of WLAN overlapping basic service set (OBSS) are disclosed. A station or an access point may indicate its interference reporting and inter-BSS coordination capabilities in a message. At least one of quality of service (QoS) settings, transmission opportunity (TXOP), restricted access window (RAW) or beacon subinterval schedules, or traffic indication map (TIM) or uplink access window assignment may be coordinated. The station may receive a request for interference measurements on the basic service set (BSS) of the station or neighboring BSSs that the station can overhear. The station may transmit an interference measurement report to an access point. The coordination may be performed based on the interference measurement report. Furthermore, STAs may transmit channel or sector preferences to APs and receive channel or sector assignments.

Abstract: A method for receiving a backoff value at a wireless station is presented. A traffic indication map is received at the station, wherein a backoff number is implicitly assigned to the station based on a position of the station within the traffic indication map. The backoff value is determined by multiplying the backoff number by a predetermined time value.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for transmission and reception of a Greenfield preamble are provided. In the method and apparatus, the Greenfield preamble may be a single user (SU) preamble or a multi user (MU) preamble. As an MU preamble, the Greenfield preamble includes a short training field (STF), a first long training field (LTF), a first signal (SIG) field, at least one additional LTF, and a second SIG field. Additionally, the Greenfield preamble may be utilized for efficient transmission and reception of control information to wireless devices, whereby the control information may be indicated using the STF, the first LTF, or the first or second SIG fields.

Abstract: Aspects described herein may relate to methods, systems, and apparatuses that determine one or more categories associated with a dataset, or a portion thereof. The determination may be performed based on one or more tags associated with the dataset and/or a description associated with the dataset. Further, the determination may be performed by searching an ontology based on the one or more tags and/or the description. The determination may be performed by using a machine-learning model based on the one or more tags and/or the description. Once the one or more categories associated with the dataset are determined, the one or more categories may be used as a basis for modifying the dataset and/or validating the dataset.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are related to multi-user parallel channel access (MU-PCA). For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is provided that is one of the plurality of WTRUs operable to simultaneously communicate via a plurality of channels managed by an access point (AP). The WTRU includes a receiver configured to receive, from the AP, over at least one channel of the plurality of channels, a group poll (G-Poll) message that includes a resource allocation that indicates at least one allocated channel of the plurality of channels for the WTRU; and a transmitter configured to transmit an uplink request message, to the AP in response to the G-Poll message, over the at least one allocated channel of the plurality of channels, the uplink request message corresponding to uplink data the WTRU has for transmission to the AP.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise receiving a frame, from a first AP including an indication of a configuration change counter (CCC) associated with a second AP. The CCC may be an unsigned integer that increments when an update to one or more AP parameters of the second AP has occurred. The method may further comprise establishing a first wireless link with the first AP and establishing a master key via at least the first wireless link.

Abstract: Presently disclosed are systems and methods for beamforming training in WLANs. In various embodiments, there are unified MIMO beamforming training procedure, which includes a training period in which an initiator transmits multiple unified training frames for performing a transmit-beamforming training of the initiator and a receive-beamforming training of one or more responders; a feedback period in which each responder replies with a beamforming-feedback response; and an acknowledgement period during which the initiator transmits respective acknowledgement frames to the one or more responders from which responses were received. Rules for restricted random access in various slots of the feedback period may be implemented, to address response contention between multiple qualifying responders.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for interference discovery for simultaneous transmission and reception are provided. In an embodiment, a station (STA) receives a STR request message from an access point (AP). The STA transmits a first STR response message to the AP based on the received STR request message. The STA receives a second STR response message transmitted from a second STA to the AP. The STA determines a received power of the received second STR response message. The STA receives a first trigger message from the AP. The first trigger message indicates a STA role field. The STA transmits interference information to the AP. The interference information is based on the determined received power. The STA role field comprises an indication of at least one or more of a primary STA and a secondary STA. The STA aggregates the interference report with a data transmission to the AP in response to the first trigger message.