Abstract: To facilitate spatial sharing, signaling may be used. A first node may receive one or more frame exchanges between a second node and a third node, wherein the second node is associate with the third node. The first node may then detect a spatial sharing scenario (SSS) with an overlapping basic service set (BSS) based on the received one or more frame exchanges. Also, the first node may transmit a directional poll request to at least a fourth node associated with the first node based on the detected SSS, and thereby null directional transmissions associated with the second node, the third node or both. The first node may then receive a direction poll response from the fourth node. Further, the first node may transmit one or more directional, beamformed transmissions to the fourth node simultaneously with directional, beamformed transmissions by the second node to the third node.

Abstract: A method for balancing load on a network may comprise determining that a first AP serving traffic on a 5 Ghz frequency band is within range of a STA. The STA may receive, from the first AP, a first allowed traffic bitmap indicating first allowed traffic, wherein the first allowed traffic bitmap indicates whether AC_VO frames, AC_VI frames and at least one other frame type is allowed by the first AP. The STA may receive a second allowed traffic bitmap concerning a second AP. The STA may also receive, from the first AP, access control information of the second AP. The STA may transmit an association request to a selected one of the first AP or second AP, based on the received first allowed traffic bitmap, the received second allowed traffic bitmap and the access control information. Once associated, traffic may flow between the selected AP and the STA.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided to implement data transmission, comprising: receiving a first signal from an access point (AP) indicating that a primary channel is associated with a first frequency band associated with a first period of time; determining by an IEEE 802.11 station (STA) that a channel condition associated with a secondary channel is better than a channel condition associated with the primary channel; reserving the primary channel associated with the first frequency, wherein the reserving of the primary channel comprises occupying or reserving the primary channel during the first period of time; and sending data over the secondary channel while the primary channel is occupied or reserved.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for power savings in a wireless local area network (WLAN) are disclosed. A station (STA) may receive parameters that associate the STA to a specific group of STAs and perform a channel access during a period that is allowed for the group of STAs based on the parameters. The STA may receive information regarding an access slot that is allowed for the group of STAs and access a channel during the access slot. The STA may receive a schedule for wake up from a doze state and goes in and out of the doze state based on the schedule. A highest channel access priority may be provided to a sensor or meter type of STA. The STA may indicate to an access point (AP) that the STA will not listen to a traffic indication map (TIM) or a delivery TIM (DTIM) in a beacon.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for simultaneous multiple frame transmission/reception are described herein. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes a process and a transceiver. The processor and the transceiver are configured to receive a trigger frame to transmit an uplink (UL) feedback response on a channel simultaneously with at least one other WTRU. The trigger frame includes a single bit to indicate that a type of feedback response requested in response to the trigger frame is power save poll (PS-Poll) and an indication of association IDs (AIDs) of WTRUs triggered by the trigger frame including the AID of the WTRU. The process and the transceiver are also configured to transmit the UL feedback response on the channel an interframe space after the trigger frame using an assigned orthogonal sequence associated with the AID of the WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for protection of multi-user (MU) transmission are described herein. An apparatus includes a receiver, a transmitter and a processor. The receiver and the processor detect a trigger frame for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The processor and the transmitter generate and send a frame in response to the trigger frame and transmit channel availability information for a plurality of channels in response to the trigger frame. The receiver and the processor detect data in a resource unit (RU) of a downlink (DL) MU physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on one of the plurality of channels. The one of the plurality of channels is based on the transmitted channel availability information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used to perform efficient network transitions. One or more of Probe Request frames that an AP may receive or process as valid may be modified by including a transmit power for the Probe Request frame. A Probe Request frame may be transmitted at less than full power. BSS transitions may be enhanced by indicating reasons for the transition, security information, or quality of service (QoS) information. Overhead associated with tracking long-sleeping STAs may be managed through the use of multiple values for a maximum idle period in a BSS.

Abstract: The present invention provides a micro evaporator, an oscillator integrated micro evaporator structure and a frequency correction method thereof. The micro evaporator comprises a micro evaporation platform, anchor points, supporting beams and metal electrodes, wherein one surface of the micro evaporation platform is an evaporation surface; the anchor points are located on two sides of the micro evaporation platform and have a certain distance to the micro evaporation platform; the supporting beams are located between the micro evaporation platform and the anchor points, one end of each supporting beam is connected with the micro evaporation platform and the other end is connected with the anchor point; the size of each supporting beam satisfies the following relation: T=P(L/2kbh)+Ta; and the metal electrodes are located on first surfaces of the anchor points.

Abstract: An appearance mechanical part includes a substrate formed by jointing a metal component and an insulation component and an insulation appearance layer formed on a surface of the substrate and covering a jointed boundary line. The jointed boundary line is a boundary line formed by the metal component and the insulation component on the surface of the substrate. A corresponding method for manufacturing the appearance mechanical part is provided. According to the appearance mechanical part and the method, the jointed boundary line is covered by an insulation appearance layer, so that a color and gloss of a surface of the appearance mechanical part can be consistent, and structural strength of the appearance mechanical part can be increased.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for power savings in a wireless local area network (WLAN) are disclosed. A station (STA) may receive parameters that associate the STA to a specific group of STAs and perform a channel access during a period that is allowed for the group of STAs based on the parameters. The STA may receive information regarding an access slot that is allowed for the group of STAs and access a channel during the access slot. The STA may receive a schedule for wake up from a doze state and goes in and out of the doze state based on the schedule. A highest channel access priority may be provided to a sensor or meter type of STA. The STA may indicate to an access point (AP) that the STA will not listen to a traffic indication map (TIM) or a delivery TIM (DTIM) in a beacon.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present disclosure are a crystal form of a dihydropyrido ring compound, and preparation method and intermediate thereof.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) communicating in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system may use efficient acknowledgement (ACK) setup and transmission procedures in conjunction with other transmission and power saving techniques, such as target wake time/restricted access window (TWT/RAW), power save multi-poll (PSMP) and/or transmission opportunity (TXOP) mechanisms. In an example, a WTRU may transmit a frame including an indication that a TWT/RAW (or TXOP) period is scheduled, an indication that multi-WTRU acknowledgement (ACK)/block ACK (BA) will be used for acknowledgement, and/or targeted transmission time(s) for the transmission of multi-WTRU ACK/BA frame(s). The WTRU may trigger the start of the TWT/RAW period, and may receive at least one data frame from another WTRU(s). The WTRU may transmit multi-WTRU ACK/BA frame(s) during the targeted transmission time(s) to acknowledge the at least one data frame received from the other WTRU(s).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for concurrent link setup and downlink data retrieval, e.g., for high efficiency WLAN. An access point (AP) may send a trigger element that allocates a resource for pre-association transmissions with the AP. The trigger element may allocate the resource for random access and/or deterministic access. The AP may receive, from an unassociated STA, a first frame via one or more resource units (RUs) allocated in the trigger element. The AP may determine a pre-association identifier (PID) that identifies the unassociated STA. The AP may send the PID to the unassociated STA, for example, in the trigger element or in the multi-STA ACK. The AP may send a second frame associated with a multi-user (MU) transmission that includes the PID. The AP may send a trigger frame that includes the PID.

Abstract: A method for active scanning in a wireless network may include two transmitters. In such a method, the following steps may take place: initiating active scanning on at least one of a plurality of channels; waiting to transmit a first probe request on a first channel of the plurality of channels based on a delay timer; receiving at the first STA, while the delay timer is not expired, a probe request from a second STA; and skipping the first probe request on the first channel of the plurality of channels based on information contained in the received probe request from the second STA.

Abstract: A method, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a base station for transferring small packets are described. The WTRU generates a packet that has one or more of a medium access control (MAC) or a physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) header, the one or more of the MAC or the PLCP header including a field. On a condition that the WTRU has data buffered for transmission, the WTRU includes in the field information that indicates a time or a transmission opportunity (TXOP) needed to transmit at least one packet of data that the WTRU has buffered for transmission. The WTRU transmits the packet to another WTRU in the wireless network. The WTRU receives another packet from the other WTRU with a granted TXO) based on the time needed to transmit the at least one packet of the data that the WTRU has buffered for transmission.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described to implement an interference management method in a WLAN. An access point (AP) or an inter-BSS coordinator (IBC) may identify a station (STA) associated with a first basic service set (BSS) as an edge STA or a non-edge STA The AP or the IBC may group the edge STA into an edge group and a non-edge STA into a non-edge group. The AP or the IBC may receive information associated with a second BSS. The AP or the IBC may coordinate access of the edge group and/or the non-edge group. The access may be coordinated to minimize interference of the edge STA. The access may be based at least on the received information associated with the second BSS The AP or the IBC may adjust transmit power of a plurality of STAs identified as edge group STAs and non-edge group STAs.

Abstract: Systems, methods and instrumentalities are disclosed to transmission scheduling. A station (STA) in its own basic service set (BSS) receiving a transmission frame from an overlapping BSS (OBSS). The STA may decode preamble of the received transmission frame. The STA may determine, for example, using the decoded preamble that OBSS information and transmit scheme associated with the OBSS. On a condition that the transmit scheme associated with the OBSS is orthogonal frequency divisional multiple access (OFDMA), the STA in its own BSS may indicate to its access point (AP) that one or more channels or sub-channels that are available or not available for transmission. On a condition that the transmit scheme determined from the preamble of the transmission frame is orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM), the STA may determine that a channel is not available for transmission. The STA may set the channel to busy or idle.

Abstract: Provided in the present invention are an olefin polymerization apparatus and an olefin polymerization process. The following operations and effects can be realized by the apparatus or method provided in the present invention: the gas material discharged from the polymerization reactor is condensed, after the gas-liquid separation, the resulting gas portion is recycled to the reactor to form a circulation loop; the condensate can be selectively introduced to the polymerization reactor, in order to achieve the free switch between the homopolymerization reaction and the copolymerization reaction or between different copolymerization reactions, and at the same time the condensate can absorb the heat generated by the reaction. By using the apparatus and method provided in the present invention, polyolefin products having excellent mechanical properties and processability can be prepared as needed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communication in a network of WLAN overlapping basic service set (OBSS) are disclosed. A station or an access point may indicate its interference reporting and inter-BSS coordination capabilities in a message. At least one of quality of service (QoS) settings, transmission opportunity (TXOP), restricted access window (RAW) or beacon subinterval schedules, or traffic indication map (TIM) or uplink access window assignment may be coordinated. The station may receive a request for interference measurements on the basic service set (BSS) of the station or neighboring BSSs that the station can overhear. The station may transmit an interference measurement report to an access point. The coordination may be performed based on the interference measurement report. Furthermore, STAs may transmit channel or sector preferences to APs and receive channel or sector assignments.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multi-user concurrent random access for wireless local area networks (WLANs) is described. The method, implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), includes detecting a trigger frame for uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The trigger frame includes an assignment of resource units (RUs) for random access in upcoming UL MU packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocol data units (PPDUs) and an indication that the trigger frame is one of a plurality of trigger frames in a cascading sequence of trigger frames in an MU transmission opportunity (TxOP). The method further includes selecting one of the RUs in the assignment of RUs for a random access transmission and sending the random access transmission on the selected one of the RUs.