Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in an IEEE 802.11 root access point (AP) are provided. The method may comprise transmitting, from the root AP to the R-AP, an indication of a number of end-STAs which the R-AP is allowed to associate with. A first message may be received, from the R-AP that enables the root AP to associate the end-STA with the R-AP, the first message including: an indication of a number of information fields in the first message and a number of information fields identified by the indication of the number of information fields. Each information field may include a unique identifier associated with a respective indicated end-STA associated with the R-AP. A second message may be transmitted for the end-STA, from the root AP to the R-AP, and the second message may include the unique identifier.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems are provided for performing for multi-user (MU) transmission. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive a frame, decode the received frame and determine whether the received frame is a null data packet (NDP) multi-user (MU) media access control (MAC) physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) (NDP MU MAC PPDU) based on meeting an NDP condition. The NDP MU MAC PPDU may correspond to an MU transmission and may include a PLCP header which includes an NDP signal (SIG) field having MU control information. Based on the received frame meeting the NDP condition, the WTRU may be further configured to process the NDP SIG field, generate a response based on the NDP SIG field and the MU control information, and transmit the response.

Abstract: A discharging method of a bus capacitor, a controller, a DC-DC converter and an inverter are provided. After a DC-DC converter or an inverter is powered off, in a case that a detected voltage across a bus capacitor of the DC-DC converter or the inverter is determined to meet a preset condition, a switch of the DC-DC converter or the inverter is controlled to be turned on or turned off to cause the bus capacitor, the switch, and a reactor of the DC-DC converter or the inverter to form a current loop, until the voltage does not meet the preset condition. Based on the method, discharging function is achieved for the bus capacitor after the DC-DC converter or the inverter is powered off, without the need for an additional discharging circuit, which solves problems caused by the additional discharging circuit required in the conventional technology.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are related to multi-user parallel channel access (MU-PCA). For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is provided that is one of a plurality of WTRUs operable to simultaneously communicate via a plurality of channels managed by an access point (AP). The WTRU includes a receiver configured to receive, from the AP, over at least one channel of the plurality of channels, a group request-to-send (G-RTS) message that includes a resource allocation that indicates at least one assigned channel for the WTRU; a transmitter configured to transmit a clear-to-send (CTS) message, to the AP, over the at least one assigned channel of the plurality of channels; and the receiver further configured to receive a data message, from the AP, over at least one channel of the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A method for receiving a backoff value at a wireless station is presented. A traffic indication map is received at the station, wherein a backoff number is implicitly assigned to the station based on a position of the station within the traffic indication map. The backoff value is determined by multiplying the backoff number by a predetermined time value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used for WiFi sectorization medium access control enhancement (WiSE MAC). An IEEE 802.11 STA may receive an omni-directional indication of a first sectorized transmission opportunity (TXOP) associated with a second STA. The omni-directional indication may include an identifier (ID) of a first sector associated with the first sectorized TXOP. The STA may transmit a directional indication of a second sectorized TXOP a condition that a second sector associated with the second sectorized TXOP does not interfere with the first sector associated with the first sectorized TXOP.

Abstract: Enhanced protocols and devices may be used to alleviate loss of spectrum efficiency in wideband transmission. The protocols may implement a wideband transmission opportunity (TXOP) truncation where one or more of the channels involved in communication over the wideband are released. In one scenario, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may obtain a TXOP for a 2 MHz bandwidth mode frame transmission with another device capable of operating in a 2 MHz bandwidth mode and a 1 MHz bandwidth mode. The WTRU may conduct a request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) frame exchange in the second bandwidth mode, and truncate the TXOP by transmitting a contention free (CF)-End frame in the first and second bandwidth modes. In another scenario, an AP may obtain a TXOP for a 2 MHz bandwidth mode frame transmission with a WTRU capable of both 2 MHz and 1 MHz bandwidth modes.

Abstract: A method for performing active scanning by a non-AP STA may comprise transmitting, to a group of APs, one or more probe request frames and receiving in response, configuration chance count (CCC) values from first and second APs of the group of APs. The CCC values may be integer values that represent configuration instances of the respective APs. The CCC values may be stored in a memory of the non-AP STA. A determination may be made, based on the information stored in the memory, as to which AP is preferred. An association procedure may be performed with the preferred AP. Other disclosed methods employ passive scanning.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for adapting clear channel assessment (CCA) thresholds with or without Transmit Power Control (TPC) are disclosed. An IEEE 802.11 station (STA) may dynamically calculate a STA specific transmit power control (TPC) value and a STA specific clear channel assessment (CCA) value based on a target TPC parameter and a target CCA parameter. The target TPC parameter and the target CCA parameter may be received from an IEEE 802.11 cluster head configured to control TPC and CCA for a plurality of STAs associated with the BSS. The target TPC parameter and the target CCA parameter also may be related. The STA may then determine whether a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) wireless medium of a wireless local area network (WLAN) basic service set (BSS) is occupied or idle based on the STA specific CCA value.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for adjusting an input virtual keyboard and an input, apparatus, which are directed to solve the problem of one-hand operation in existing input virtual keyboards. The method comprises: based oil a received keyboard floating instruction, adjusting a size of an input window to a screen size; intercepting a click event performed on a touchscreen by a user and detecting the click event; and when the click event is detected as a keyboard adjustment instruction, based on the keyboard adjustment instruction, adjusting at least one of a drawing position and a drawing size of an input view, wherein the input view is a region for drawing the input virtual keyboard in the input window.

Abstract: A method for associating a new end-station (end-STA) with a relay access point (R-AP) in a relay transmission. An assignment of a new identifier is transmitted to the new end-STA, wherein traffic indication map indications for the new end-STA in a beacon from the R-AP follows the transmission of the new identifier assignment. A message is sent to a root access point (AP), the message including an indication of a number of information fields in the message and at least one information field, each of the at least one information fields including an identifier of one end-STA associated with the R-AP. An acknowledgement is received from the root AP on a condition that the root AP correctly receives the message and associates an identifier of the end-STA with an identifier of the R-AP.

Abstract: To facilitate spatial sharing, signaling may be used. A first node may receive one or more frame exchanges between a second node and a third node, wherein the second node is associate with the third node. The first node may then detect a spatial sharing scenario (SSS) with an overlapping basic service set (BSS) based on the received one or more frame exchanges. Also, the first node may transmit a directional poll request to at least a fourth node associated with the first node based on the detected SSS, and thereby null directional transmissions associated with the second node, the third node or both. The first node may then receive a direction poll response from the fourth node. Further, the first node may transmit one or more directional, beamformed transmissions to the fourth node simultaneously with directional, beamformed transmissions by the second node to the third node.

Abstract: WTRUs, access points (APs) and methods thereon are disclosed. A method on a WTRU may include receiving a message from an AP that comprises a beamformee capability element; sending a second message to the AP that comprises a beamformer capability element; and receiving, from the AP, a third message in response to the second message that indicates a group to which the WTRU is assigned. The group may be based on the beamformer capability element and the group may indicate UL transmission information to be used by the WTRU. A method on an AP may include determining a group for multiple WTRUs based on a received beamformer capability element. A method on a WTRU may include sending to an AP a message with a low overhead preamble for UL MU-MIMO. The low overhead preamble may include LTFs that enable the AP to distinguish the WTRU from other WTRUs.

Abstract: A method for active scanning in a wireless network may include two transmitters. In such a method, the following steps may take place: initiating active scanning on at least one of a plurality of channels; waiting to transmit a first probe request on a first channel of the plurality of channels based on a delay timer; receiving at the first STA, while the delay timer is not expired, a probe request from a second STA; and skipping the first probe request on the first channel of the plurality of channels based on information contained in the received probe request from the second STA.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus may be used for sounding for multi-user (MU) scheduling and for signaling and procedures for sub-channel selection. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive information from an access point (AP) indicating a plurality of sub-channels to use for uplink data transmission as part of uplink MU wireless communications using a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) wireless medium. The WTRU may transmit, using a plurality of sub-channels, a Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) including a preamble portion and a data portion, and, using at least a subset of the plurality of sub-channels, sounding signals to the AP for scheduling MU communications. The AP may receive sounding information from more WTRUs that the plurality of WTRUS associated with the scheduling information for the uplink data transmission during a time interval, in addition to receiving uplink data from the plurality of WTRUs.

Abstract: A method for active scanning in a wireless network may include two transmitters. In such a method, the following steps may take place: initiating active scanning on at least one of a plurality of channels; waiting to transmit a first probe request on a first channel of the plurality of channels based on a delay timer; receiving at the first STA, while the delay timer is not expired, a probe request from a second STA; and skipping the first probe request on the first channel of the plurality of channels based on information contained in the received probe request from the second STA.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are related to multi-user parallel channel access (MU-PCA). For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is provided that is one of a plurality of WTRUs operable to simultaneously communicate via a plurality of channels managed by an access point (AP). The WTRU includes a receiver configured to receive, from the AP, over at least one channel of the plurality of channels, a group request-to-send (G-RTS) message that includes a resource allocation that indicates at least one assigned channel for the WTRU; a transmitter configured to transmit a clear-to-send (CTS) message, to the AP, over the at least one assigned channel of the plurality of channels; and the receiver further configured to receive a data message, from the AP, over at least one channel of the plurality of channels.

Abstract: A methods and apparatus may be used for accelerated link setup. A method may include a station (STA) acquiring information about an access point of an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 network in advance through a previously connected IEEE 802.11 interface and/or an interface other than the IEEE 802.11 network. The STA may use the acquired information during a link setup procedure between the STA and the access point. The information may include a suggestion for a specific procedure to complete the link setup procedure between the STA and the access point.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dihydropyrimido fused ring derivative as a HBV inhibitor, and in particular relates to a compound shown as formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention concerns CD4+ T survivin epitopes and their vaccines and diagnostic uses.