Abstract: Prior methods of state estimation, based on a constrained optimization problem with equality and/or inequality constraints, rely on penalty-based heuristics which can produce very large weight values, resulting in ill-conditioning of the gain matrix. Disclosed embodiments of state estimation convert the constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained convex optimization problem in which violated equality and/or inequality constraints are represented as parameterized potential functions, each comprising a center-of-attraction parameter. This unconstrained convex optimization problem can be iteratively formed, using successively updated values for the center-of-attraction parameters, and solved, until no equality and/or inequality constraints are violated, to produce a final estimated state. This final estimated state may then be used to control the system being monitored, such as a power system.

Abstract: Prior methods of state estimation rely on penalty-based heuristics to enforce inequality constraints, which can produce very large weight values, resulting in ill-conditioning of the gain matrix. Disclosed embodiments of state estimation convert the inequality-constrained optimization problem into an unconstrained optimization problem in which violated inequality constraints are represented as parameterized potential functions, each comprising a center-of-attraction parameter. This unconstrained convex optimization problem can be iteratively prepared, using successively updated values for the center-of-attraction parameters, and solved, until no inequality constraints are violated, to produce a final estimated state. This final estimated state may then be used to control the system being monitored, such as a power system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure includes operating a power grid, including: generating, by a power management system of the power grid, a power grid resource allocation profile indicative of an operation of the power grid constrained by operational information of the power grid; generating a difference between a value of upper bounds from a plurality of obtained convergence paths and a value of lower bounds from the obtained convergence paths, the obtained convergence paths being based on a plurality of different initial conditions for the generated power grid resource allocation profile; and generating a resource allocation schedule for power grid resources operating within the power grid if the generated difference is smaller than a pre-determined threshold, the resource allocation schedule corresponding to a convergence path associated with the value of the upper bounds, the resource allocation schedule being configured to be received at the power grid resources.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure includes operating a power grid, including: generating, by a power management system of the power grid, a power grid resource allocation profile indicative of an operation of the power grid constrained by operational information of the power grid; generating a difference between a value of upper bounds from a plurality of obtained convergence paths and a value of lower bounds from the obtained convergence paths, the obtained convergence paths being based on a plurality of different initial conditions for the generated power grid resource allocation profile; and generating a resource allocation schedule for power grid resources operating within the power grid if the generated difference is smaller than a pre-determined threshold, the resource allocation schedule corresponding to a convergence path associated with the value of the upper bounds, the resource allocation schedule being configured to be received at the power grid resources.

Abstract: A method of operating a power grid includes: generating, by a power management system of the power grid, an intermediate resource allocation schedule that provides a tentative schedule of resource allocation for power grid resources operating within the power grid; determining, by the power management system, whether the intermediate resource allocation schedule is feasible by checking whether the intermediate resource allocation schedule satisfies coupling constraints of a power grid resource allocation profile of the power grid indicative of an operation of the power grid constrained by power grid operational information; and in response to determining that the intermediate resource allocation schedule is infeasible, repairing, by the power management system, the intermediate resource allocation schedule to generate a feasible resource allocation schedule, where the repairing comprises determining whether a first dispatch solution obtained by solving a dispatch problem with fixed integer decisions from the

Abstract: The present application is directed to an electrical system including a housing configured to hold electrical components within an internal volume. In one aspect the electrical system is a power transformer. A sensor is mounted to the housing and is configured to sense a parameter associated with one or more electrical components during operation of the electrical system. A control system including a communication unit and a data processing unit is operable for analyzing the sensed parameter and comparing the sensed parameter to a predetermined minimum or maximum threshold value.

Abstract: Systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses of state estimation are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment is a method comprising determining, with a state estimator, a state estimate based on power grid data corresponding to characteristics of a power grid received from a plurality of local controllers; calculating, with the state estimator, a first gain matrix based on a Gauss-Newton method; updating, with the state estimator, the state estimate based on the first gain matrix; calculating, with the state estimator, a second gain matrix based on Newton's method; updating, with the state estimator, the state estimate based on the second gain matrix; and iteratively recalculating the second gain matrix and updating the state estimate based on the second gain matrix until the state estimate converges.

Abstract: A method of operating a power grid includes: generating, by a power management system of the power grid, an intermediate resource allocation schedule that provides a tentative schedule of resource allocation for power grid resources operating within the power grid; determining, by the power management system, whether the intermediate resource allocation schedule is feasible by checking whether the intermediate resource allocation schedule satisfies coupling constraints of a power grid resource allocation profile of the power grid indicative of an operation of the power grid constrained by power grid operational information; and in response to determining that the intermediate resource allocation schedule is infeasible, repairing, by the power management system, the intermediate resource allocation schedule to generate a feasible resource allocation schedule, where the repairing comprises determining whether a first dispatch solution obtained by solving a dispatch problem with fixed integer decisions from the

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure includes operating a power grid, including: generating, by a power management system of the power grid, a power grid resource allocation profile indicative of an operation of the power grid constrained by operational information of the power grid; generating a difference between a value of upper bounds from a plurality of obtained convergence paths and a value of lower bounds from the obtained convergence paths, the obtained convergence paths being based on a plurality of different initial conditions for the generated power grid resource allocation profile; and generating a resource allocation schedule for power grid resources operating within the power grid if the generated difference is smaller than a pre-determined threshold, the resource allocation schedule corresponding to a convergence path associated with the value of the upper bounds, the resource allocation schedule being configured to be received at the power grid resources.

Abstract: Systems, methods, techniques and apparatuses of state estimation are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment is a method comprising determining, with a state estimator, a state estimate based on power grid data corresponding to characteristics of a power grid received from a plurality of local controllers; calculating, with the state estimator, a first gain matrix based on a Gauss-Newton method; updating, with the state estimator, the state estimate based on the first gain matrix; calculating, with the state estimator, a second gain matrix based on Newton's method; updating, with the state estimator, the state estimate based on the second gain matrix; and iteratively recalculating the second gain matrix and updating the state estimate based on the second gain matrix until the state estimate converges.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pixel driving circuit, a display panel and methods for driving the same. The pixel driving circuit includes: at least two driving sub-circuits, each configured to generate driving current based on a compensated data signal; at least two light-emitting control sub-circuits coupled to the at least two driving sub-circuits respectively, each of the at least two light-emitting control sub-circuits is configured to output driving current generated by one of the at least two driving sub-circuit coupled thereto; a writing control sub-circuit electrically coupled to the at least two driving sub-circuits and a data writing sub-circuit; and the data writing sub-circuit configured to compensate for a data signal and write the compensated data signal into the at least two driving sub-circuits sequentially under control of the writing control sub-circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pixel driving circuit, a display panel and methods for driving the same. The pixel driving circuit includes: at least two driving sub-circuits, each configured to generate driving current based on a compensated data signal; at least two light-emitting control sub-circuits coupled to the at least two driving sub-circuits respectively, each of the at least two light-emitting control sub-circuits is configured to output driving current generated by one of the at least two driving sub-circuit coupled thereto; a writing control sub-circuit electrically coupled to the at least two driving sub-circuits and a data writing sub-circuit; and the data writing sub-circuit configured to compensate for a data signal and write the compensated data signal into the at least two driving sub-circuits sequentially under control of the writing control sub-circuit.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to Volt-VAR optimization for power distribution systems having advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Distributed energy resources (DER) such as photovoltaic arrays are becoming prevalent in distribution systems. These DER systems inject power into the distribution system which can cause unfavorable changes, such as a rise in voltage across the feeder lines of the distribution system. Existing control proposals suffer from a number of shortcomings, drawbacks and disadvantages. In some instances, traditional controllers for distribution systems with DER systems may require information related to the arrangement of the distribution system which is unknown and cannot be provided by the advanced metering infrastructure. There remains a significant need for the apparatuses, methods, systems and techniques disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present application is directed to an electrical system including a housing configured to hold electrical components within an internal volume. In one aspect the electrical system is a power transformer. A sensor is mounted to the housing and is configured to sense a parameter associated with one or more electrical components during operation of the electrical system. A control system including a communication unit and a data processing unit is operable for analyzing the sensed parameter and comparing the sensed parameter to a predetermined minimum or maximum threshold value.

Abstract: A synthesis method of ?-nitropyrazole amide compound through asymmetrical catalyzing technique is provided, a nitroalkane and an ?,?-unsaturated pyrazole amide are applied as the raw material, a complex formed by a chiral amine oxide with a rare earth metal compound is served as the catalyst, a 4 ? molecular sieve is served as an additive, the ?-nitropyrazole amide compound can be obtained with a yield more than 99% and enantiomeric excess more than 99% ee. The catalytic system not only has the advantages of simple operation, mild reaction conditions, requiring no acid/base additives, convenient product purification, high yield and enatioselectivity, compliance with green atomic economy, and promising prospects for industrial application, but also allows the obtained ?-nitropyrazole amide compound to undergo some simple chemical conversions to produce some molecules having physiological activities.

Abstract: Apparatuses, method and systems featuring model predictive voltage and VAR controls with coordination with and optional optimization of autonomous reactive power control such as autonomous distributed energy resource and/or autonomous switched capacitor banks One embodiment includes an electronic control system structured to construct a linearized model of the power distribution system including a plurality of predetermined nodes, operate a model predictive controller to identify optimized control commands using an objective function defined over a plurality of future scenarios over a look ahead time horizon and a plurality of constraints, and transmit the identified control commands to control operation of at least the voltage regulators and the switched capacitor banks.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to Volt-VAR optimization for power distribution systems having advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). Distributed energy resources (DER) such as photovoltaic arrays are becoming prevalent in distribution systems. These DER systems inject power into the distribution system which can cause unfavorable changes, such as a rise in voltage across the feeder lines of the distribution system. Existing control proposals stiffer from a number of shortcomings, drawbacks and disadvantages. In some instances, traditional controllers for distribution systems with DER systems may require information related to the arrangement of the distribution system which is unknown and cannot be provided by the advanced metering infrastructure. There remains a significant need for the apparatuses, methods, systems and techniques disclosed herein.

Abstract: Fault analysis for an electric network having a plurality of multi-phase buses is performed by computing equivalent circuits for the multi-phase buses of interest. Each equivalent circuit includes an N×N impedance matrix, N corresponding to the number of phases of the multi-phase bus for which that equivalent circuit is computed. Elements of the impedance matrices are determined based on voltages resulting from a plurality of experimental current injection vectors and a factorized pre-fault admittance matrix. The pre-fault admittance matrix represents nodal admittance of the multi-phase buses without faults. A fault current injection vector for each multi-phase bus and fault type of interest is determined based on the equivalent circuit determined for that multi-phase bus. A fault voltage vector for each multi-phase bus and fault type of interest is determined based on the factorized pre-fault admittance matrix and the fault current injection vector determined for that multi-phase bus and fault type.

Abstract: A paroxetine intermediate, a method for preparing the same, and uses thereof are provided. Specifically, the method includes: reacting a compound of formula I below with a compound of formula II in the presence of an organic base under the catalysis of a complex formed from a chiral amine oxide L and a rare-earth metal compound Ln(OTf)3 to prepare a compound of formula III below: wherein R1 is alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; R2, R3, R4 are each independently C1-C6 alkyl or C6-C10 aryl; the chiral amine oxide L has the following structure: wherein n=1, 2; and R=Ph—, 2,6—Me2C6H3—, 2,6—Et2C6H3—, 2,6-iPr2C6H3—, Ph2CH—.

Abstract: A synthesis method of ?-nitropyrazole amide compound through asymmetrical catalyzing technique is provided, a nitroalkane and an ?,?-unsaturated pyrazole amide are applied as the raw material, a complex formed by a chiral amine oxide with a rare earth metal compound is served as the catalyst, a 4 ? molecular sieve is served as an additive, the ?-nitropyrazole amide compound can be obtained with a yield more than 99% and enantiomeric excess more than 99% ee. The catalytic system not only has the advantages of simple operation, mild reaction conditions, requiring no acid/base additives, convenient product purification, high yield and enatioselectivity, compliance with green atomic economy, and promising prospects for industrial application, but also allows the obtained ?-nitropyrazole amide compound to undergo some simple chemical conversions to produce some molecules having physiological activities.