Abstract: A paroxetine intermediate, a method for preparing the same, and uses thereof are provided. Specifically, the method includes: reacting a compound of formula I below with a compound of formula II in the presence of air organic base under the catalysis of a complex formed from a chiral amine oxide L and a rare-earth metal compound Ln(OTf)3 to prepare a compound of formula III below: wherein R1 is alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; R2, R3, R4 are each independently C1-C6 alkyl or C6-C10 aryl; the chiral amine oxide L has the following structure: wherein n=1, 2; and R=Ph-, 2,6-Me2C6H3-, 2,6-Et2C6H3-, 2,6-iPr2C6H3-, Ph2CH—.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the teachings herein, various feeder connection arrangements and architectures are disclosed, for collecting electricity from wind turbines in an offshore collection grid that operates at a fixed low frequency, e.g., at one third of the targeted utility grid frequency. Embodiments herein detail various feeder arrangements, such as the use of parallel feeder connections and cluster-based feeder arrangements where a centralized substation includes a common step-up transformer for outputting electricity at a stepped-up voltage, for low-frequency transmission to onshore equipment. Further aspects relate to advantageous generation arrangements, e.g., tower-based arrangements, for converting wind power into electrical power using, for example, medium-speed or high-speed gearboxes driving generators having a rated electrical frequency for full-power output in a range from about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz, with subsequent conversion to the fixed low frequency for off-shore collection.

Abstract: The teachings herein disclose an advantageous method and apparatus for performing Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) for a hybrid power system that includes one or more AC grids interconnected with one or more multi-terminal High Voltage DC (HVDC) grids. The teachings include optimizing a non-linear objective function, subject to a set of constraints that include AC and DC grid constraints, for determining the SCED solution using successive linear approximation. The linear programming model used in the linear approximations is advantageously augmented with a DC grid portion in a manner that accounts for the effects of the DC grid on the AC grid, but which does not require exposing proprietary DC grid modeling details, and which conforms the resultant SCED solution to all applicable AC and DC grid constraints, including AC grid line flow constraints, AC grid power balance constraints, DC grid line flow constraints, and DC grid power balance constraints.

Abstract: A power system grid is decomposed into several parts and decomposed state estimation steps are executed separately, on each part, using coordinated feedback regarding a boundary state. The achieved solution is the same that would be achieved with a simultaneous state estimation approach. With the disclosed approach, the state estimation problem can be distributed among decomposed estimation operations for each subsystem and a coordinating operation that yields the complete state estimate. The approach is particularly suited for estimating the state of power systems that are naturally decomposed into separate subsystems, such as separate AC and HVDC systems, and/or into separate transmission and distribution systems.

Abstract: Apparatuses, method and systems featuring model predictive voltage and VAR controls with coordination with and optional optimization of autonomous reactive power control such as autonomous distributed energy resource and/or autonomous switched capacitor banks One embodiment includes an electronic control system structured to construct a linearized model of the power distribution system including a plurality of predetermined nodes, operate a model predictive controller to identify optimized control commands using an objective function defined over a plurality of future scenarios over a look ahead time horizon and a plurality of constraints, and transmit the identified control commands to control operation of at least the voltage regulators and the switched capacitor banks.

Abstract: A power distribution system has a plurality of reactive power resources including capacitor banks and distributed energy resources connected to branches of the power distribution system. Power loss is reduced in the distribution system by determining discrete switch states for the capacitor banks and continuous set points for the distributed energy resources, so that the reactive power provided by the reactive power resources reduces power loss while optionally correcting voltage violations in the power distribution system when the capacitor banks are set in accordance with the respective discrete switch states and the distributed energy resources are operated at the respective continuous set points. The range of values for the continuous set points is constrained based on maximum and minimum reactive power limits for each distributed energy resource under consideration.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the teachings herein, various feeder connection arrangements and architectures are disclosed, for collecting electricity from wind turbines in an offshore collection grid that operates at a fixed low frequency, e.g., at one third of the targeted utility grid frequency. Embodiments herein detail various feeder arrangements, such as the use of parallel feeder connections and cluster-based feeder arrangements where a centralized substation includes a common step-up transformer for outputting electricity at a stepped-up voltage, for low-frequency transmission to onshore equipment. Further aspects relate to advantageous generation arrangements, e.g., tower-based arrangements, for converting wind power into electrical power using, for example, medium-speed or high-speed gearboxes driving generators having a rated electrical frequency for full-power output in a range from about 50 Hz to about 150 Hz, with subsequent conversion to the fixed low frequency for off-shore collection.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device is provided. The device comprises an anode base layer (110), a hole injection layer (120) on the anode base layer (110), a light emitting layer (130) on the hole injection layer (120), and a cathode electrode layer (140) on the light emitting layer (130). The material of the hole injection layer (120) is metal oxide or thiophene type compound. The hole injection layer (120) has advantages of improving the recombination probability of electron-hole and not being easily oxidized, so that the efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device is increased and the service life is prolonged. A method for manufacturing the organic electroluminescence device is also provided.

Abstract: A substrate, manufacturing method thereof, and an organic electroluminescent device using the same are provided, belonging to photoelectron field. The substrate includes a paper layer (102), a first protection layer (101) formed on the lower surface of the paper layer, and a second protection layer (103) formed on the upper surface and covering the same of the paper layer. The substrate, solves problems of paper which is easy to absorb humidity and has high permeability of oxygen by a protection processing that said paper is coated with the heat seal film of polyethylene terephthalate coated with Polyvinyl Dichloride. At the meantime, the substrate has the advantages of cheap material, extensive sources, simple manufacturing process, good flexibility of the substrate, and good capability of preventing the permeability of water as well.

Abstract: The teachings herein disclose an advantageous method and apparatus for performing Security Constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) for a hybrid power system that includes one or more AC grids interconnected with one or more multi-terminal High Voltage DC (HVDC) grids. The teachings include optimizing a non-linear objective function, subject to a set of constraints that include AC and DC grid constraints, for determining the SCED solution using successive linear approximation. The linear programming model used in the linear approximations is advantageously augmented with a DC grid portion in a manner that accounts for the effects of the DC grid on the AC grid, but which does not require exposing proprietary DC grid modeling details, and which conforms the resultant SCED solution to all applicable AC and DC grid constraints, including AC grid line flow constraints, AC grid power balance constraints, DC grid line flow constraints, and DC grid power balance constraints.

Abstract: A power system grid is decomposed into several parts and decomposed state estimation steps are executed separately, on each part, using coordinated feedback regarding a boundary state. The achieved solution is the same that would be achieved with a simultaneous state estimation approach. With the disclosed approach, the state estimation problem can be distributed among decomposed estimation operations for each subsystem and a coordinating operation that yields the complete state estimate. The approach is particularly suited for estimating the state of power systems that are naturally decomposed into separate subsystems, such as separate AC and HVDC systems, and/or into separate transmission and distribution systems.

Abstract: A power system grid is decomposed into several parts and decomposed state estimation steps are executed separately, using Lagrangian relaxation and blockwise Gauss-Seidel solution. The achieved solution is the same that would be achieved with a simultaneous state estimation approach. With the disclosed approach, the state estimation problem can be distributed among decomposed estimation operations for each subsystem, where the decomposed estimation operations coordinate with one another to yield the complete state estimate. The approach is particularly suited for estimating the state of power systems that are naturally decomposed into separate subsystems, such as separate AC and HVDC systems, and/or separate transmission and distribution systems.

Abstract: Disclosed are a double-sided luminescent organic light emitting device and the manufacturing method thereof. The double-sided luminescent organic light emitting device comprises a transparent substrate (21), an anode (22), a transparent cathode (25), and at least two organic light emitting structures (23a, 23b) and at least a charge-generation layer (24) set between the anode (22) and the transparent cathode (25), and the charge-generation layer (24) is set between the two neighboring organic light emitting structures (23a, 23b), the charge-generation layer (24) and the organic light emitting structures (23a, 23b) are alternately arranged. The charge-generation layer (24) includes an n-type semiconductor layer (241) and a p-type semiconductor (242) layer combined with the n-type semiconductor layer. Said double-sided light emitting organic light emitting device requires low driving current, and has high luminescence efficiency, high brightness, and high light extraction efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed is a doped organic electroluminescent device, comprising the following structures laminated in succession: a conductive anode substrate, a hole injecting layer, a hole transportation layer, an electron barrier layer, a light-emitting layer, an electron transportation layer, an electron injecting layer and a cathode; and the material for the electron barrier layer is a hole transportation material doped with a cerium salt. The material for an electron barrier layer in such a doped organic electroluminescent device is a hole transportation material doped with a cerium salt which has a low work function of approximately ?2.0 eV and can effectively block electrons.

Abstract: A polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit has the following formula: R1 represents C1 to C20 alkyl, R2 represents C1 to C20 alkyl, n is an integer from 10 to 100. An energy gap of the polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit is narrow, and therefore the power conversion efficiency is improved greatly. A method of preparing the polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit and a solar cell device using the polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active material for a counter-electrode. The material comprises a carbon aerogel and platinum loaded on the carbon aerogel, the platinum having a mass content of 1% to 5% in the active material for a counter-electrode. The active material for a counter-electrode has a relatively high photoelectric conversion efficiency. In addition, also provides are a method for preparing the active material for a counter-electrode, a solar cell counter-electrode using the active material for a counter-electrode and a method for preparing the solar cell counter-electrode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device (100, 200) comprises a substrate (110), an anode (130), a light emitting layer (160) and a cathode (190) stacked sequentially. The anode (130) comprises a light transmittance increased layer (131), a conductive layer (132) and a hole injection auxiliary layer (133) stacked on the substrate (110) sequentially. The materials of the light transmittance increased layer (131) are inorganic compounds of zinc with a light transmittance of 400 nm to 800 nm in the visible region and a refractive index greater than 2.3. The material of the conductive layer (132) is graphene. The utilization of light transmittance increased principle for multilayer anode structure can make the light transmittance of the anode in the visible region high and surface resistance low.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device comprises the following structure: a conductive base (110), a hole injection layer (120), a light emission layer (140), and a cathode layer (170) are laminated in sequence. The material of the hole injection layer (120) comprises a conductive polymer and an azo initiator. A nano-network structure is provided on the connecting surface of the hole injection layer (120) and the light emission layer (140). After being heated to a higher temperature, the azo initiator can be decompounded to release N2, thus the nano-network structure is formed on the surface of the hole injection layer (120). The nano-network structure can efficiently increase the contacting area of the hole injection layer (120) and the adjacent layer. The injection efficiency of the hole is improved. A manufacturing method of the organic electroluminescence device is also provided.

Abstract: Provided are a co-polymer of formula (I) of 2,7-carbazole and dithienyl thiazolothiazole, a method for preparing same, and a solar battery containing same. The structural formula of the co-polymer of 2,7-carbazole and dithienyl thiazolothiazole is as shown by formula (I), wherein both R1 and R2 are C1-C20 alkyl groups, and n is an integer of 10-100. The co-polymer of the present invention has a novel structure, a good dissolving property, an excellent film-forming property, and a high power conversion efficiency, and can be used as the material for a solar battery. Also provided are the method for preparing the co-polymer and the solar battery containing same. The preparation method uses raw materials widely available and has a simple synthesis route.

Abstract: A top-emitting flexible organic light emission diode device and preparation method thereof are provided. The device involves overlapping a substrate, an anode layer, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer and a cathode layer sequentially. The material of the cathode is scythe-silver alloy or ytterbium-silver alloy. The method for preparing the device comprises the following steps: cleaning and drying the substrate; depositing the anode layer on the surface of the substrate; overlapped depositing the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, the emission layer, the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer sequentially on the surface of the anode layer; depositing the cathode layer on the surface of the electron injection layer to obtain the device.