Abstract: A base station device may include a processor and memory. The base station device may be configured to receive a registration request from a WTRU. The registration request may include an indication that the WTRU is requesting access to a private network. The base station device may send the registration request to a network node. The base station device may receive an identifier of the WTRU from a network node. The base station device may determine whether the WTRU is authorized to access the private network based on the received identifier of the WTRU and a list of allowed device identifiers for the private network. The base station device may send authorization information and an indication that the WTRU has been authorized to access the private network to the network node. The base station device may forward a registration accept message to the WTRU.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for protocol data unit (PDU) session management over different access technologies (ATS) are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first message from a network over a first access technology. The first message may include an indication for the WTRU to reestablish resources for one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions over a second access technology. The WTRU may determine that a PDU session of the one or more PDU sessions is locally deactivated by the WTRU. The WTRU may send a second message via the first access technology. The second message may include a PDU session status information element (IE) indicating the PDU session is locally deactivated such that the network releases the PDU session.

Abstract: A switching appliance that includes a first housing and a second housing on one side of the first housing to accommodate an auxiliary contact mechanism, the first housing having a lower housing, and an upper housing to accommodate a main contact mechanism; the auxiliary contact mechanism having a linkage member connected to the main contact mechanism; a mounting leg that extends to the side surface of the side wall of the lower housing is arranged at the bottom of the second housing; a first clamping groove in the side surface, facing the lower housing, of the mounting leg, and a second clamping groove opposite the first clamping groove formed in the side wall of the lower housing; the mounting leg is connected to the side wall of the lower housing through a connector, which fixes the second housing and the first housing.

Abstract: A WTRU may send a registration message to a first network node. The registration message may indicate a capability to perform a network performance prediction and may comprise information indicating AI operation types. The first network node which may determine whether the WTRU is permitted to request network performance prediction information. If the WTRU is permitted, the WTRU may send a packet data unit (PDU) session message that indicates a request to subscribe to network analytics associated with the AI operation types. A second network node may receive the PDU session message and may send a subscription message to a third network node. The subscription message may comprise, for example, the AI operation types. The second network node may receive a notification message that indicates information associated with the network analytics. The second network node may send to the WTRU a message indicating the information associated with the network analytics.

Abstract: A method for monitoring large deformation of a surrounding rock of a tunnel based on an automatic targeting and ranging system includes: acquiring, by a camera module, a target monitoring image; identifying a center image position in the target monitoring image; performing, by a laser ranging module, an automatic targeting and ranging task according to the center image position; and calculating a deformation offset of each target of left wall targets, right wall targets and a vault target based on an automatic targeting and ranging result corresponding to the target. The method solves the problem that a laser ranging device fails to measure a target at a fixed angle and obtains a real and accurate deformation offset thereby greatly improving the reliability of the large deformation monitoring result of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for enabling discovery and selection of a WTRU-to-network relay by a remote WTRU and handling a WTRU-to-network relay configuration update. The WTRU-to-network relay may broadcast a service type indicating that the service type is available or conditionally available based on the WTRU-to-network relay slicing configuration. The WTRU-to-network relay may update broadcasting the service type or the indication that the service type as being conditionally available based on update of the WTRU-to-network relay slicing configuration. The WTRU-to-network relay may relay traffic between one or more distinct remote WTRUs and the core network node via a WTRU-to-network relay. The WTRU-to-network relay may reuse an existing PDU session for relay traffic or send a PDU session establishment request to network with the requested PDU session parameters depending on if the session parameters associated with an existing PDU session match the PDU session requirements of the remote WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses directed to non-access stratum procedures in connection with layer 2 relaying are provided. A method implemented in a first WTRU, may comprise: receiving, from a second WTRU, a first sidelink transmission comprising a first information indicating an amount of time for the first WTRU to refrain from transmitting, to the second WTRU; determining to reselect to a third WTRU responsive to receiving the first information and based on a second sidelink transmission from the third WTRU; reselecting or autonomous reselecting to the third WTRU; establishing a connection with the third WTRU; and transmitting, to the third WTRU, a third sidelink transmission comprising a second information indicating congestion as a cause for the reselection.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive parameters associated with a plurality of personal Internet of Things (IoT) network (PIN) gateways (GWs) connected to a PIN. The received parameters may comprise a PIN element type and one or more PIN policy parameters for each of the plurality of PIN GWs. The WTRU may determine a priority for each of the plurality of PIN GWs using the PIN element types and the one or more PIN policy parameters. The WTRU may generate, using the determined priorities, a prioritized list of PIN GWs available on the PIN. The WTRU may receive a connection request from a PIN element connected to the PIN. The WTRU may select one of the plurality of PIN GWs for the PIN element to use to establish connection to the core network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to transmit on a first interface and determine to transmit on a second interface. The WTRU may receive configuration information. For example, the configuration information may include a path switching capability indication, a path switching policy, and an information sharing method indication. Based on the configuration information, the WTRU may determine to perform a path switch. In response to determining to perform a path switch, the WTRU may retrieve certain information associated with a peer WTRU. The WTRU may transmit, based on the retrieved information, a path switch request to the peer WTRU. The WTRU may receive a response to the path switch request. If the response indicates that the path switch request has been accepted by the peer WTRU, the WTRU may perform a communication path switch from the first interface to a second interface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus where an announcing WTRU may request peer discovery from a Pro Se function, and the ProSe function may provide information associated with a monitoring WTRU to the announcing WTRU as a result of the monitoring WTRU having discovered the announcing WTRU. A discoveree WTRU may request peer discovery from a ProSe function where the ProSe function sends a unique ProSe query code to a discoverer WTRU. As a result of the discoveree WTRU detecting the ProSe query code on radio interface, the discoveree WTRU triggers a match report procedure to obtain information associated with the Discoverer WTRU.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for enabling discovery and selection of a WTRU-to-network relay by a remote WTRU and handling a WTRU-to-network relay configuration update. The WTRU-to-network relay may broadcast a service type indicating that the service type is available or conditionally available based on the WTRU-to-network relay slicing configuration. The WTRU-to-network relay may update broadcasting the service type or the indication that the service type as being conditionally available based on update of the WTRU-to-network relay slicing configuration. The WTRU-to-network relay may relay traffic between one or more distinct remote WTRUs and the core network node via a WTRU-to-network relay. The WTRU-to-network relay may reuse an existing PDU session for relay traffic or send a PDU session establishment request to network with the requested PDU session parameters depending on if the session parameters associated with an existing PDU session match the PDU session requirements of the remote WTRU.

Abstract: A method and a system are disclosed for providing session continuity in a 5G system. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a session management function (SMF), a first Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message indicating a Packet Data Unit (PDU) session re-establishment. Upon receiving the first NAS message, the WTRU may determine an old PDU session ID based on the NAS message and generate a new PDU session ID. The WTRU may transmit a second NAS message indicating a PDU session establishment request. The second NAS message may include the old and new PDU session IDs. Upon receiving the PDU session establishment request, the SMF may determine that the old PDU session ID is associated with an existing PDU session for which the PDU session re-establishment is requested. The SMF may also determine that the new PDU session ID is associated with a new PDU session to be established.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleic acid sequence, which comprises one or more selected from the sequences consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-7 and the complementary sequences thereof, the nucleic acid sequence is derived from plants, seeds or cells comprising the transgenic maize event LP026-2, and the representative sample of the seeds comprising the event having been deposited under deposit number CCTCC NO: P202207.

Abstract: A method for use in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) which assesses both a first network and a second network to receive radio frames from each of the first network and the second network is disclosed. The method comprise: obtaining a first paging occasion (PO) as the first network's current PO and a second PO as the second network's current PO; determining whether there is a PO collision between the first PO and the second PO, on condition that there is the PO collision, selecting a network from the first network and the second network, and sending a request to the selected network; receiving, from the selected network, a collision avoidance parameter corresponding to the request; calculating a third PO for the selected network using the collision avoidance parameter, and using the third PO as the selected network's current PO.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for power saving are described herein. A method performed by a remote wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include receiving a broadcast message indicating a power saving capability, sending, to a relay WTRU, a request for direct communication, receiving an acknowledgement from the relay WTRU in response to the request for direct communication, and establishing a link to the relay WTRU based on the received acknowledgement. The method may further include sending, to the relay WTRU, a message for registration with a network, receiving, via the relay WTRU, a message from the network in response to the message for registration, sending, to the relay WTRU, a message indicating that a power saving feature is enabled, and adjusting parameters for power saving. The request for direct communication may include information indicating one or more power saving capabilities or power saving requirements of the remote WTRU.

Abstract: A method and a system are disclosed for providing session continuity in a 5G system. A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a session management function (SMF), a first Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message indicating a Packet Data Unit (PDU) session re-establishment. Upon receiving the first NAS message, the WTRU may determine an old PDU session ID based on the NAS message and generate a new PDU session ID. The WTRU may transmit a second NAS message indicating a PDU session establishment request. The second NAS message may include the old and new PDU session IDs. Upon receiving the PDU session establishment request, the SMF may determine that the old PDU session ID is associated with an existing PDU session for which the PDU session re-establishment is requested. The SMF may also determine that the new PDU session ID is associated with a new PDU session to be established.

Abstract: In examples, the E2E link IDs may be isolated per-hop, so that changes of link IDs may not impact other E2E/per-hop links (e.g, a LIU procedure may only run between a WTRU and the relay), A relay may allocate R-specific security IDs/session key identifiers (e.g, MSBs/LSBs of Knrp-sess ID), The relay (e.g., relay WTRU) may replace the security IDs/session key identifiers received from peer WTRUs with R-specific security IDs/session key identifiers, for example, If forwarding a message. In examples, per-hop IDs and E2E IDs may be added to link identifier update messages, In examples, the support application layer ID and iP address/prefix may be changed using a link modification procedure (e.g.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems are disclosed. One method may be implemented by a first Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) having established an indirect link with a second WTRU. The method may include performing a Discovery procedure and detecting, based on a result of the performed Discovery procedure, that the second WTRU is directly reachable. The method may further include initiating establishment of a direct link, switching from the indirect link to the direct link and communicating, by the first WTRU with the second WTRU, using the established direct link after the switch.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that are associated with providing access to a network (e.g., if access to a different network is lost, affected, etc.). A WTRU may act as a relay to another WTRU, For example, a first VVTRU may act as a relay WTRU (e.g., a VVTRU to network relay, such as a proximity services (ProSe) WTRU to network relay) towards a second WTRU (e.g., a remote WTRU). The first WTRU may provide discovery and/or connection establishment associated with the second WTRU accessing the network (e.g., if there is a service disruption to another network).

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses directed to non-access stratum procedures in connection with layer 2 relaying are provided. A method implemented in a first WTRU, may comprise: receiving, from a second WTRU, a first sidelink transmission comprising a first information indicating an amount of time for the first WTRU to refrain from transmitting, to the second WTRU; determining to reselect to a third WTRU responsive to receiving the first information and based on a second sidelink transmission from the third WTRU; reselecting or autonomous reselecting to the third WTRU; establishing a connection with the third WTRU; and transmitting, to the third WTRU, a third sidelink transmission comprising a second information indicating congestion as a cause for the reselection.