Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products are described herein for discovery, selection and optimal access to edge computing networks. A WTRU may identify relevant application servers, for example, based on application level procedures. A WTRU may derive a mapping, for example, from selected applications and an application function (AF) transaction ID. A WTRU may request access to an edge application server (EAS), for example, via a packet data unit PDU) session establishment or a PDU session modification procedure, e.g., based on an AF transaction ID. A WTRU may obtain a new EAS address, for example, based on receipt of a PDU session establishment and/or a modification accept message.

Abstract: Delivery mode switching between unicast and multicast/broadcast is described. A WTRU may move from a RAN node that supports multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) session to one that does not support MBMS session, or vice versa. In order to avoid duplicated packet transmission, the unicast delivery mode may be deactivated when the WTRU decides to use multi-cast/broadcast session. When the multicast/broadcast session is not available, the WTRU may re-activate the unicast delivery mode for MBMS. For example, the PDU session for unicast delivery mode deactivation may be released and the PDU session for unicast delivery mode reactivation may be re-established. Such activity may necessitate additional signaling between WTRU and the network for PDU session establishment/release and all other services running in the PDU session may be interrupted.

Abstract: A method addressing handover procedure failure or cancellation includes receiving, by a remote wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) connected to a source NodeB, a handover command to begin a handover procedure to establish a connection with a target NodeB on a network. A method may further include, on a condition that the handover procedure fails, transmitting, by a relay TRU, a handover failure/cancellation indication to the remote WTRU and cancelling, by the remote WTRU, the handover procedure. A method may also include initiating, by the remote WTRU, a radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment procedure to connect with the source NodeB or a new NodeB.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses directed to non-access stratum procedures in connection with layer 2 relaying are provided. A method implemented in a first WTRU, may comprise: receiving, from a second WTRU, a first sidelink transmission comprising a first information indicating an amount of time for the first WTRU to refrain from transmitting, to the second WTRU; determining to reselect to a third WTRU responsive to receiving the first information and based on a second sidelink transmission from the third WTRU; reselecting or autonomous reselecting to the third WTRU; establishing a connection with the third WTRU; and transmitting, to the third WTRU, a third sidelink transmission comprising a second information indicating congestion as a cause for the reselection.

Abstract: A data processing method includes obtaining input information inputted by the input device for display on a display device and transmitting the input information to a display driver chip of the display device to cause the display driver chip to generate a first image output on the display device based on the input information.

Abstract: A switching appliance that includes a first housing and a second housing on one side of the first housing to accommodate an auxiliary contact mechanism, the first housing having a lower housing, and an upper housing to accommodate a main contact mechanism; the auxiliary contact mechanism having a linkage member connected to the main contact mechanism; a mounting leg that extends to the side surface of the side wall of the lower housing is arranged at the bottom of the second housing; a first clamping groove in the side surface, facing the lower housing, of the mounting leg, and a second clamping groove opposite the first clamping groove formed in the side wall of the lower housing; the mounting leg is connected to the side wall of the lower housing through a connector, which fixes the second housing and the first housing.

Abstract: Systems, methods and instrumentalities are described herein that provide security and/or privacy support for wireless transmit receive units (WTRUs) communicating via a WTRU to WTRU relay. A source WTRU may obtain a new IP address from a relay WTRU via a link identifier update request. The source WTRU may indicate to the relay WTRU which one or more target WTRUs are to be informed of the new IP address. The source WTRU may indicate to the relay WTRU whether the target WTRU's ID(s) should be changed. The relay WTRU may send the source WTRU's new IP address to authorized target WTRUs. The source, relay, and target WTRU may use tokens to grant or receive authorizations for sharing each other's IP addresses.

Abstract: The present application relates to a cerium-tin-based composite oxide catalyst for catalyzing purification of a nitrogen oxide, a preparation method and an application thereof. The catalyst has the following chemical composition: a cerium-tin oxide and an M oxide, wherein the M is selected from any one of or a combination of at least two of P, Ti, Zr, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Al, Si, Ni, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, or Re.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for enabling discovery and selection of a WTRU-to-network relay by a remote WTRU and handling a WTRU-to-network relay configuration update. The WTRU-to-network relay may broadcast a service type indicating that the service type is available or conditionally available based on the WTRU-to-network relay slicing configuration. The WTRU-to-network relay may update broadcasting the service type or the indication that the service type as being conditionally available based on update of the WTRU-to-network relay slicing configuration. The WTRU-to-network relay may relay traffic between one or more distinct remote WTRUs and the core network node via a WTRU-to-network relay. The WTRU-to-network relay may reuse an existing PDU session for relay traffic or send a PDU session establishment request to network with the requested PDU session parameters depending on if the session parameters associated with an existing PDU session match the PDU session requirements of the remote WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for proximity-based services (ProSe) service-based discovery. For example, a service utilizing-wireless transmit/receive unit (SU-WTRU) may be provisioned with a type of discovery on a per-service basis and a security credential on a per-service basis. The SU-WTRU may transmit (315) a PC5 discovery message with the type of discovery and a first security element that is generated based on the security credential. The WTRU may then receive (325), from a service providing-wireless transmit/receive unit (SP-WTRU), a PC5 discovery response message that includes a second security element and a service identity associated with a service that the SP-WTRU provides. On a condition that the second security element is verified based on the provisioned security credential, the SU-WTRU may authorize (330) the SP-WTRU to establish a PC5 communication link with the SP-WTRU.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces, performed by a relay wireless transmit/receive unit (R-WTRU) including a transmitter, a receiver, a memory, and a processor, for establishing extended unicast links and management unicast links are provided. The method includes: performing, by the R-WTRU, a link establishment procedure for establishing any number of extended unicast links for relaying traffic between a service-provider WTRU (SP-WTRU) and any number of service-user WTRUs (SU-WTRUs) according to a mapping generated by the R-WTRU, the link establishment procedure including: (1) generating a mapping of any of the extended links and layer 2 (L2) identifiers (IDs) for any of a SP-WTRU, a R-WTRU, and any number of SU-WTRUs, and (2) transmitting a unique relay ID; establishing a management unicast link for the extended unicast links; and applying any number of link management requests received via the management unicast link to associated extended unicast links.

Abstract: A method and apparatus where an announcing WTRU may request peer discovery from a Pro Se function, and the ProSe function may provide information associated with a monitoring WTRU to the announcing WTRU as a result of the monitoring WTRU having discovered the announcing WTRU. A discoveree WTRU may request peer discovery from a ProSe function where the ProSe function sends a unique ProSe query code to a discoverer WTRU. As a result of the discoveree WTRU detecting the ProSe query code on radio interface, the discoveree WTRU triggers a match report procedure to obtain information associated with the Discoverer WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for registration and security for wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) with multiple universal subscriber identity modules (USIMs). Optimized registration and authentication procedures, that enable a WTRU to register and authenticate multiple USIMs during one registration and authentication procedure are described herein. The techniques described herein may eliminate the need for separate registration and authentication procedures for each USIM. A gateway device may inform the network in a Registration Request message that it is registering multiple devices (i.e., multiple WTRUs). The network and the gateway may then perform an authentication procedure with an aggregate challenge/response (i.e., a single challenge for each WTRU). A WTRU may inform the network in a Registration Request message that it is registering multiple USIMs. The network and the WTRU may then perform an authentication procedure with an aggregate challenge/response (i.e.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for protocol data unit (PDU) session management over different access technologies (ATS) are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first message from a network over a first access technology. The first message may include an indication for the WTRU to reestablish resources for one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions over a second access technology. The WTRU may determine that a PDU session of the one or more PDU sessions is locally deactivated by the WTRU. The WTRU may send a second message via the first access technology. The second message may include a PDU session status information element (IE) indicating the PDU session is locally deactivated such that the network releases the PDU session.

Abstract: Mobile device-to-mobile device discovery may be performed via a relay device (e.g., wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU)), which may send a discovery request (e.g., including service ID, relay capability indication, and relay WTRU ID) to a ProSe server. A discovery response may include a (e.g., ProSe) relay service broadcast code and discovery filter (e.g., corresponding to service ID for a service broadcast by a service provider WTRU). The relay WTRU may use the discovery filter to listen for a ProSe code broadcast by a service provider WTRU. The relay WTRU may determine a received ProSe code matches the discovery filter. The relay WTRU may broadcast the relay service broadcast code based on the match. The service broadcast code broadcast may be intended for receipt by a service utilizing WTRU, which may utilize the relay WTRU to join/receive a service from a service provider WTRU.

Abstract: A screen projection control method and an electronic device are provided. The screen projection control method includes detecting that a first electronic device and a second electronic device are connected with each other through a physical bus and confirming screen projection reference parameters based on the second electronic device and the physical bus; establishing a network link between the first electronic device and the second electronic device; obtaining multimedia data to-be-outputted by an output unit of the first electronic device; and transmitting the multimedia data to the second electronic device using the network link based on the screen projection reference parameters to allow the second electronic device to output the multimedia data.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for protocol data unit (PDU) session management over different access technologies (ATs) are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first message from a network over a first access technology. The first message may include an indication for the WTRU to reestablish resources for one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions over a second access technology. The WTRU may determine that a PDU session of the one or more PDU sessions is locally deactivated by the WTRU. The WTRU may determine that it is in a limited service state associated with the second access technology. The WTRU may send a second message via the first access technology. The second message may include a PDU session status information element (IE) indicating the PDU session is locally deactivated such that the network releases the PDU session.

Abstract: A method for use in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) which assesses both a first network and a second network to receive radio frames from each of the first network and the second network is disclosed. The method comprise: obtaining a first paging occasion (PO) as the first network's current PO and a second PO as the second network's current PO; determining whether there is a PO collision between the first PO and the second PO, on condition that there is the PO collision, selecting a network from the first network and the second network, and sending a request to the selected network; receiving, from the selected network, a collision avoidance parameter corresponding to the request; calculating a third PO for the selected network using the collision avoidance parameter, and using the third PO as the selected network's current PO.

Abstract: A method for monitoring large deformation of a surrounding rock of a tunnel based on an automatic targeting and ranging system includes: acquiring, by a camera module, a target monitoring image; identifying a center image position in the target monitoring image; performing, by a laser ranging module, an automatic targeting and ranging task according to the center image position; and calculating a deformation offset of each target of left wall targets, right wall targets and a vault target based on an automatic targeting and ranging result corresponding to the target. The method solves the problem that a laser ranging device fails to measure a target at a fixed angle and obtains a real and accurate deformation offset thereby greatly improving the reliability of the large deformation monitoring result of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions via a radio access network (RAN) node. The WTRU may transition to an inactive state. The WTRU may send a connection resume message to a RAN node that indicates a request to resume the established plurality of PDU sessions via the RAN node. The WTRU may receive a message from the RAN node. For example, the RAN node may send a message indicating a subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available upon resuming a connection with the RAN node. The WTRU may deactivate at least one established PDU session of the plurality of PDU sessions based on the received message from the RAN node that indicates at least one established PDU session not being included in the subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available.