Abstract: Examples of an apparatus are disclosed. In some example, an apparatus may include an array of digital pixel cells, each digital pixel cell including a photodiode and a memory device to store a digital output generated based on charge generated by the photodiode in an exposure period. The apparatus may also include an image processor configured to: receive first digital outputs from the memory devices of a first set of digital pixel cells of the array of digital pixel cells; determine, from the first set of digital pixel cells, a second set of digital pixel cells of which the first digital outputs satisfy one or more pre-determined conditions; identify, based on the second set of digital pixel cells, a third set of digital pixel cells; receive the second digital outputs generated by the third set of digital pixel cells; and perform image processing operations based on the second digital outputs.

Abstract: Methods and systems for image sensing are provided. In one example, an apparatus comprises a semiconductor substrate comprising a light incident surface to receive light, a first pinned photodiode, and a second pinned photodiode, the first pinned photodiode and the second pinned photodiode forming a stack structure in the semiconductor substrate along an axis perpendicular to the light incident surface, the stack structure enabling the first pinned photodiode and the second pinned photodiode to, respectively, convert a first component of the light and a second component of the light to first charge and second charge. The apparatus further comprises one or more capacitors formed in the semiconductor substrate and configured to generate a first voltage and a second voltage based on, respectively, the first charge and the second charge.

Abstract: Examples of an apparatus are disclosed. In some examples, an apparatus may comprise a first waveguide configured to propagate light originated from a light source, a first modulator coupled with the first waveguide, and a first sensor coupled with the first modulator. The apparatus may further comprise a second waveguide coupled with the first waveguide to form a propagation path for the light between the light source and a receiver device, a second modulator coupled with the second waveguide, and a second sensor coupled with the second modulator. The first modulator is configured to modulate the light propagating in the first waveguide based on sensor data from the first sensor, and the second modulator is configured to modulate the light propagating in the second waveguide based on sensor data from the second sensor, to enable the receiver device to obtain the sensor data.

Abstract: An imaging array and method for fabricating the same are disclosed. The imaging array includes a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of VIS pixel sensors and a plurality of SWIR readout circuits fabricated therein. An insulating layer is deposited on the semiconductor substrate. The insulating array has wells overlying the SWIR pixel sensors. A plurality of SWIR photodiodes are deposited in the wells. Each SWIR photodiode is located in a corresponding one of the wells and is connected by an electrically conducting path with the SWIR readout circuit underlying the SWIR photodiode. An electrically conducting transparent electrode overlying the SWIR photodiodes is connected to each of the SWIR photodiodes.

Abstract: An imaging device operates as an event camera. The device includes an event sensor and a controller. The sensor comprises a plurality of photodiodes that asynchronously output data values corresponding to relative intensity changes within a local area. The controller populates an event matrix based in part on data values asynchronously received from the sensor and positions of photodiodes associated with the received data values over a first time period. The controller populates a change matrix based in part on a threshold intensity value and the photodiodes associated with the received data values over the first time period, and generates an image for the first time period using the event matrix and the change matrix.

Abstract: A depth camera assembly (DCA) for depth sensing of a local area. The DCA includes a transmitter, a receiver, and a controller. The transmitter illuminates a local area with outgoing light in accordance with emission instructions. The transmitter includes a fine steering element and a coarse steering element. The fine steering element deflects one or more optical beams at a first deflection angle to generate one or more first order deflected scanning beams. The coarse steering element deflects the one or more first order deflected scanning beams at a second deflection angle to generate the outgoing light projected into the local area. The receiver captures one or more images of the local area including portions of the outgoing light reflected from the local area. The controller determines depth information for one or more objects in the local area based in part on the captured one or more images.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a stacked photo sensor assembly where two substrates are stacked vertically. The two substrates are connected via interconnects at a pixel level to provide a signal from a photodiode at a first substrate to circuitry on a second substrate. The circuitry on the second substrate performs operations that were conventionally performed on first substrate. More specifically, charge storage of the first substrate is replaced with capacitors on the second substrate. A voltage signal corresponding to the amount of charge in the first substrate is generated and processed in the second substrate. By stacking the first and second substrates, the photo sensor assembly can be made more compact while increasing or at least retaining the photodiode fill factor of the photo sensor assembly.

Abstract: Two separate schemes are used for detecting light intensity in low light conditions and high light conditions. In high light conditions, two threshold voltages are set and the time between the crossing of a sensor voltage at the two threshold voltages is measured to determine the light intensity in the high light conditions. In low light conditions, a comparator is used to compare the voltage level of the sensor voltage relative to a reference voltage that increase over time. The time when the reference voltage reaches the sensor voltage level is detected to determine the light intensity in the low light conditions.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a stacked photo sensor assembly where two substrates that are stacked vertically. The two substrates are connected via interconnects at a pixel level to provide a signal from a photodiode at a first substrate to circuitry on a second substrate. The circuitry on the second substrate performs operations that were conventionally performed on first substrate. By stacking the first and second substrates, the photo sensor assembly can be made more compact while increasing or at least retaining the photodiode fill factor of the photo sensor assembly.

Abstract: A photo sensor array is divided up into multiple blocks that are operated with different exposure times. A prediction algorithm is used to predict the overall light brightness of each block and determine the exposure time of each block. Each block may also include memory to store the exposure time for the pixels in the block as well as analog-to-digital resolution for the block.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for determining one or more features of a local area is presented herein. The sensor assembly includes a plurality of stacked sensor layers. A first sensor layer of the plurality of stacked sensor layers located on top of the sensor assembly includes an array of pixels. The top sensor layer can be configured to capture one or more images of light reflected from one or more objects in the local area. The sensor assembly further includes one or more sensor layers located beneath the top sensor layer. The one or more sensor layers can be configured to process data related to the captured one or more images. A plurality of sensor assemblies can be integrated into an artificial reality system, e.g., a head-mounted display.

Abstract: Examples of an apparatus are disclosed. In some example, an apparatus may include a photodiode, a first charge storage unit configured to store charges generated by the photodiode, the first charge storage unit having a first capacity; and a second charge storage unit configured to store charges generated by the photodiode, the second charge storage unit having a second capacity greater than the first capacity. The apparatus may further include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuit configured to measure a first quantity of charges stored in the first charge storage unit and a second quantity of charges stored in the second charge storage unit, and to generate a digital output representing an intensity of light incident on the photodiode based on a first count representing the first quantity of charges or a second count representing the second quantity of charges.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for digital imaging. A digital pixel image sensor includes a digitizer in each pixel of a plurality of pixels, where the digitizer digitizes analog output signals from a photodiode of the pixel using a comparator, a global reference ramp signal, and a clock counter. In some embodiments, the comparator includes a pre-charging circuit, rather than a constant biasing circuit, to reduce the power consumption of each pixel. In some embodiments, each pixel includes a digital or analog correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit to reduce noise and provide a higher dynamic range.

Abstract: Examples of a pixel cell are disclosed. In one example, a pixel cell may include a first semiconductor layer including a photodiode and one or more transistor devices configured to convert charges generated by the photodiode into an analog signal. The pixel cell may also include a second semiconductor layer including one or more transistor devices configured to convert the analog signal to one or more digital signals. The first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer may form a stack structure. In another example, a pixel cell may include a photodiode and a capacitor. The pixel cell may be operated, in a first mode of measurement, to measure the charges stored at the capacitor when the capacitor is electrically coupled with the photodiode, and in a second mode of measurement, to measure the charges stored at the capacitor when the capacitor is electrically isolated from the photodiode.

Abstract: A method for catalytically converting a dihydrotetrazine 1 into a tetrazine 2, wherein one R group on the dihydrotetrazine 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbonyl, or heteroatom-containing group, and the other R group is selected from the group consisting of H and substituted or unsubstituted aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbonyl,—or heteroatom-containing groups; 1, 2 wherein the method comprises oxidizing dihydrotetrazine 1 in a reaction medium in the presence of a catalyst and a stoichiometric oxidant.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging system and a method for retrofitting existing x-ray generators to allow those generators to be controlled by a digital x-ray imaging system are disclosed. The x-ray imaging system includes an imaging array and an image controller. The imaging array is configured to be positioned within a patient's mouth, the imaging array acquiring an image of the patient's teeth when the patient's head is illuminated with x-rays. The imaging array includes an x-ray dosimeter that provides an x-ray exposure signal indicative of an x-ray exposure received by the imaging array. The image controller is coupled to the imaging array and receives the x-ray exposure signal, the image controller includes a first wireless link that controls an x-ray generator by initiating a pre-programmed x-ray exposure. The wireless controllable switch can be used to replace an existing manually controlled switch in an existing x-ray generator.

Abstract: A head mounted display (HMD) includes one or more light field cameras for tracking one or both eyes of a user wearing the HMD. The HMD optionally includes light sources positioned inside the HMD and that illuminate one or both of the eyes of the user. The light field camera captures a plenoptic image of the user's eye. The plenoptic image includes light intensity data and direction data of the captured light rays. An eye tracking system updates a 3D light field model of the user's eye based on depth information from the plenoptic image frame. The eye tracking system identifies an iris plane of the user's eye using the 3D light field model. The eye tracking system determines a gaze direction of the user's eye by identifying the normal to the center of the iris plane.

Abstract: An imaging device operates as an event camera. The device includes an event sensor and a controller. The sensor comprises a plurality of photodiodes that asynchronously output data values corresponding to relative intensity changes within a local area. The controller populates an event matrix based in part on data values asynchronously received from the sensor and positions of photodiodes associated with the received data values over a first time period. The controller populates a change matrix based in part on a threshold intensity value and the photodiodes associated with the received data values over the first time period, and generates an image for the first time period using the event matrix and the change matrix.

Abstract: A sintering-free inorganic ceramic brick-plate and its preparation method are disclosed. The sintering-free inorganic ceramic brick-plate includes following components by mass parts: 25-40 parts of magnesium oxide; 20-35 parts of magnesium chloride; 20-30 parts of fumed silica; 10-20 parts straw powders; 0.1-0.3 parts of graphene powders with a particle size of 2000 meshes; and 0.2-0.4 parts of airgel powders with a particle size of 100 nm. Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes a variety of raw natural non-toxic natural mineral raw materials, namely, the graphene powders with the particle size of 2000 meshes and the airgel powders with the particle size of 100 nm for mixing, and then the mixed raw materials can be solidified at room temperature and form sheets, and then the surface of the sheets is processed through printing or spraying glaze, so as to achieve the effect of high-grade tiles and natural marble.

Abstract: A method for preparing a rubber protective cover of an expressway guardrail includes steps of: (S1), preparing material, wherein the material includes high-temperature vulcanized rubber, nanometer zinc oxide, nanometer silicon dioxide and a modifier; (S2), placing the vulcanized rubber into a mixing furnace which is able to increase a temperature, and then heating to 200° C.; (S3), adding the nanometer zinc oxide, and then stirring for 10 minutes; (S4), adding the nanometer silicon dioxide, and then stirring for 5 minutes; (S5), adding the modifier, and then stirring for 30 minutes; and (S6), adding the rubber after stirring into a four-roll calender, shaping, and preparing the rubber cover having a thickness of 10-20 mm and a length of 300-600 mm. The present invention has a low cost, a corrosion resistance, an easy preparation process, a low equipment requirement and a strong operability.