Abstract: A VLC mode judgment section performs judgment on whether or not a received group (Last, Run, Level) exists in a VLC table and then performs judgment on which one of a first escape mode, a second escape more and a third escape mode is suitable. According to a judgment result of the VLC mode judgment section, an FLC processing section or a coding mode selection section performs variable-length coding using selected one of the received group (Last, Run, Level), a group generated in the first escape mode, and a group generated by the second escape group or fixed-length coding using a third escape mode.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a variable-length coding apparatus that achieves a short processing cycle without causing an increase in circuit scale. Such a variable-length coding apparatus judges whether a VLC table has a variable-length code (VLC) corresponding to a combination (Last, Run, Level), by using an LMAX and an RMAX for the combination (Last, Run, Level). Based on the result of the judgment, the variable-length coding apparatus generates and outputs a code assigned to the combination (Last, Run, Level).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus according to the present invention includes a pixel array unit 1 having signal lines and scanning lines respectively arranged side by side, a signal line drive circuit 2 which drives the signal lines, a scanning line drive circuit 3 which drives the scanning lines, a signal processing output circuit 4 which serially outputs the picked-up image data supplied from the sensors, and a sync signal generation circuit 5. A black-white change obtained in the picked-up image data when a finger is brought close to or brought into contact with the pixel array unit 1 is detected, and the coordinate position of the finger is identified taking the ambient brightness into consideration. Regardless of whether the surroundings are bright or dark, therefore, the coordinate position can be detected with high precision.

Abstract: A motion vector estimator includes an object data input and sorting unit and a reference data input and sorting unit for sorting packed input picture data to separate first picture data used for estimating the motion vector from second picture data that is not used for estimating the motion vector and pack the picture data again respectively, an object data storing unit and a reference data storing unit for storing the repacked first picture data and the second picture data, and a motion vector calculating unit for reading the first picture data from the object data storing unit and the reference data storing unit to perform a calculation for estimating the motion vector.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises an array substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a counter substrate including a counter electrode facing the pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer which modulates reflected and transmitted light of each pixel held between the substrates and defined by a corresponding pixel electrode. In particular, each pixel electrode has a conductive light reflective layer which reflects incident light and at least one opening which is formed as a missing portion of the conductive light reflective film to transmit incident light.

Abstract: An array substrate includes a wiring section, switching elements, an insulating film formed so as to cover the wiring section and switching elements, and pixel electrodes formed in a matrix on the insulating film and connected to the switching elements through contact holes made in the insulating film.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a driving liquid crystal cell interposed between two polarizers 1 and 4, the cell having a liquid crystal layer 3e held between two substrates 3a and 3b, the layer having a twisted molecular alignment when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal cell performing optical control, using the optical anisotropy of liquid crystal, there is provided with an optical anisotropic element 2 between the polarizer and the driving liquid crystal cell, the optical anisotropic element 2 comprising an optical anisotropic substance layer 2c in which the optical rotatory power is minimal in the direction of layer thickness and the optical anisotropy is negative. The angle of the optical axis of the optical anisotropic element 2 varies continuously or in stages in the direction of layer thickness of the optical anisotropic element as against the surface of the optical anisotropic element.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a driving liquid crystal cell interposed between two polarizers 1 and 4, the cell having a liquid crystal layer 3e held between two substrates 3a and 3b, the layer having a twisted molecular alignment when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal cell performing optical control, using the optical anisotropy of liquid crystal, there is provided with an optical anisotropic element 2 between the polarizer and the driving liquid crystal cell, the optical anisotropic element 2 comprising an optical anisotropic substance layer 2c in which the optical rotatory power is minimal in the direction of layer thickness and the optical anisotropy is negative. The angle of the optical axis of the optical anisotropic element 2 varies continuously or in stages in the direction of layer thickness of the optical anisotropic element as against the surface of the optical anisotropic element.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises an array substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a counter substrate including a counter electrode facing the pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer which modulates reflected and transmitted light of each pixel held between the substrates and defined by a corresponding pixel electrode. In particular, each pixel electrode has a conductive light reflective layer which reflects incident light and at least one opening which is formed as a missing portion of the conductive light reflective film to transmit incident light.

Abstract: An array substrate includes a wiring section, switching elements, an insulating film formed so as to cover the wiring section and switching elements, and pixel electrodes formed in a matrix on the insulating film and connected to the switching elements through contact holes made in the insulating film.

Abstract: A color filter is disposed on a switching element array substrate. The color filter is composed of a plurality of kinds of color elements and an aperture. Two of the filter elements are overlapped at one end portion thereof. Each of the filter elements is covered with a pixel electrode. The pixel electrode is connected to the switching element through the aperture. This structure reduces electric coupling between the pixel electrode and the gate and signal lines. Optimum conditions among the overlapped width, and the aperture diameter and location are set to prevent the filter element from peeling off the array substrate so that the production yield can be significantly improved.

Abstract: A method of developing photoresist films formed on a plurality of substrates utilizes a circulated developing fluid to sequentially develop the photoresist films with developing accuracy and controllability secured. It includes the steps of measuring the conductivity and the absorbance of the developing fluid, calculating the pH value or its equivalence thereof in accordance with the conductivity and absorbance measured in the measuring step; and maintaining the pH value or its equivalence to be in a predetermined range. There are also disclosures as to an apparatus for developing photoresist films, and a color filter and a liquid crystal display device manufactured by the method of developing photoresist films.

Abstract: In an electooptical liquid crystal device comprising an OCB mode liquid crystal cell and an optically anisotropic element compensating a viewing angle characteristics of the cell, the optically anisotropic element satisfies the elliptical coefficient Z of the index ellipsoid of the optically anisotropic element,7.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.10,if Z=(ndx-ndz)/(ndx-ndy),where ndx, ndy and ndz represent the components in x, y and z directions of the products of the refractive indice n of optically anisotropic element and the thickness of the optically anisotropic element, when the optically anisotropic element is combined with the bend-aligned liquid crystal cell as the electrooptical liquid crystal device.

Abstract: An electronic device with a calendar function having an input device, so that a desired date can be entered in the electronic device. The day of the week that January 1st falls on in the year corresponding to the desired date is determined. The ordinal number of a week in which the entered desired date falls is determined dependent on the day January 1st falls on. For example, if January 1st is between a first day of the week and a fourth day of the week, the week corresponding to January 1st is deemed as the first week in the year, if January 1st is between a fifth day and a seventh day of the week, the week following the week to which January 1st belongs is deemed as the first week of the year. A display is provided displaying the ordinal number of the week of the year in which the entered desired date falls.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having an array substrate. The substrate has: (1) an insulating transparent substrate that has a pixel region and a non-pixel region, (2) a plurality of thin film transistors disposed in a matrix pattern on a display screen, each thin film transistor having a gate insulating film that is produced by an atmosphere pressure chemical vapor deposition; (3) a plurality of display pixel electrodes formed on the pixel region of the insulating transparent substrate, each display pixel electrode being connected to each of the thin film transistors; and (4) a protecting film formed on the non-pixel region of the insulating transparent substrate, the protecting film extends from the non-pixel region and overlaps a peripheral portion of each of the display pixel electrodes that are disposed in a portion of the display screen by a width of 2 .mu.m to 7 .mu.m. The display also has a counter substrate that is disposed apart from and facing the array substrate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a diagnostic circuit which comprises, for each of a plurality of function blocks obtained by dividing a function circuit, an arithmetic circuit for accumulatively calculating bit data of all flipflops in each function clock at each operation clock, a register for storing the result of the calculation in the arithmetic circuit, and a circuit for outputting data of the register as the operation result read out from the function block. With this arrangement, it is possible to certainly diagnose a sequential change of flipflops caused by clocks. In addition, since the number of the reading-out and comparison of the operation results can be reduced in comparison with the prior art, the diagnosis time can be shortened, and the capacity of a correct value memory can be reduced.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided with a calendar function such that it is possible to display one or more schedules. The electronic device includes an input device which receives data representing starting and ending times. This data is displayed in graphic format to illustrate the starting and ending times of the schedule.

Abstract: An electronic world clock device indicates a time in connection with a designated region based on a time difference in a reference region to be stored, and comprises clock means for counting a present time in a specified home region and memory means for storing various regions and names of the countries and the time differences corresponding to said various regions in the world, and said designated region and the name of the country where said designated region belongs are stored at the same time, so that said designated region as well as the name of the corresponding country and/or a time difference between two different regions in the world are indicated at the same time on the basis of the time difference in said reference region.

Abstract: In a portable terminal device of the invention, when a menu key provided on a keyboard is depressed by an operator, a copy/move menu is displayed on a display area under the control of a CPU which detects this depression. Then, the CPU determines which is specified as data to be copied or moved, a set of data displayed on the display area or part of the set of data. The specified data is input to a transfer buffer, and a copy or move process is executed. In a case where an insert process is selected for inserting the data stored in The transfer buffer into another display position, the transfer data is transferred to an input buffer, so as to copy or move the transfer data to the other position.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electronic computer comprising a keyboard having numerical keys and others, a read only memory (ROM) to store control programs, a random-access memory (RAM) equipped with registers for operation, a CPU to control these devices, wherein a constant register to store constants, an operator storage unit to store operators, and a flag to show whether an operator is positioned before or after a constant are provided in said RAM, and a setting key to set the entered constant and operator and a confirmation key to confirm the predetermined constant and operator are provided in said keyboard, thereby executing an operation preliminarily set in said RAM after processing the desired operation that has been entered.