Abstract: A method for forming fixed images including the step of applying a toner for electrostatic image development containing at least a resin binder, a colorant, and a releasing agent to an apparatus for forming fixed images without a filter in a gas discharge part, wherein the resin binder contains a polyester, and wherein the releasing agent is a hydrocarbon-based wax, wherein the hydrocarbon-based wax has a melting point as determined by a differential scanning calorimeter of from 70° to 85° C., and contains components melting at a temperature equal to or lower than 65° C. having an amount of heat absorption as determined by a differential scanning calorimeter of less than 7.5 J/g, and a toner for electrostatic image development used in a method for forming fixed images. The method for forming fixed images of the present invention is suitably used in the development of a latent image formed in, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Abstract: A surface position detecting apparatus is arranged to be able to detect a surface position of a detection target surface with high accuracy, while restraining influence of a relative positional deviation between polarization components in a beam totally reflected on an internal reflection surface of a prism member, on detection of the surface position of the detection target surface. At least one of a light projection system and a light reception system is provided with a total reflection prism member (7; 8) having an internal reflection surface (7b, 7c; 8b, 8c) which totally reflects an incident beam.

Abstract: A recording apparatus and a recording method that can record both moving picture data and still picture data in a form reproducible by various reproducing apparatus. The moving picture data is compressed by an MPEG system by an MPEG encoder, formed into data for recording corresponding to a predetermined recording format by a format forming unit, and then recorded on a DVD. The still picture data is compressed by a JPEG system by a JPEG encoder, and recorded on the DVD separately from the moving picture data. In predetermined timing, the still picture data compressed by the JPEG system and recorded on the DVD is read, the still picture data is converted into I-pictures of the MPEG system by a format converting unit, and then the I-pictures of the MPEG system are recorded onto the DVD in the predetermined format via the format forming unit.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided with a light-sending optical system which makes first light from a first pattern and second light from a second pattern incident to a predetermined surface to project intermediate images of the first and second patterns onto the predetermined surface respectively; a light-receiving optical system which guides the first and second light reflected on the predetermined surface, to first and second observation surfaces to form observation images of the first and second patterns, respectively; and a detecting section which detects position information of the observation images of the first and second patterns on the first and second observation surfaces respectively and which calculates a surface position of the predetermined surface, based on the position information. The light-sending optical system projects the intermediate image of the second pattern as an inverted image in a predetermined direction relative to the intermediate image of the first pattern.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a mask-moving section movable in a first direction while holding a mask formed with a pattern; an illumination system which forms first and second illumination areas separated each other by a spacing distance in the first direction; a substrate-moving section movable in a second direction while holding a photosensitive substrate; a projection optical system which forms first and second projected images of the patterns of the first and second illumination areas; and a restricting section which restricts the first and second projected images to be within first and second projection areas respectively. A spacing distance between a first conjugate area with the first projection area and a second conjugate area with the second projection area is set to be such a spacing distance that scanning exposures are successively performed for first and second transfer areas provided adjacently in the second direction.

Abstract: As an injection screw 2 applies pressure, a holding pressure plunger 22 is moved backward under the pressure of a resin to flow the resin into a holding pressure path 9, and the resin in a resin path 6 is pressurized (primary holding pressure process). A shutoff plunger 12 is closed, and the resin in the resin path 6 and the holding pressure path 9 is pressurized by the holding pressure plunger 22 (secondary holding pressure process). Further, the shutoff plunger 12 is opened, and the holding pressure plunger 22 is moved forward until its tip projects into the resin path 6 to discharge all the resin in the holding pressure path 9 to the resin path 6, whereby the resin beside the injection screw 2 as compared with the shutoff plunger 12 is held with respect to the holding pressure path 9.

Abstract: A toner for electrophotography comprising a charge control agent comprising a specified iron-azo complex or a specified metal compound of a benzilic acid derivative, a colorant, and a resin binder comprising a polyester, the polyester being a polyester obtained by polycondensing an alcohol component containing a propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and a carboxylic acid component, wherein the propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A has an average mole of propylene oxide added of from 2.4 to 4.0, and wherein an adduct with 2 mol of propylene oxide is contained in an amount of 60% by mol or less, and an adduct with 4 mol of propylene oxide is contained in an amount of 10% by mol or more, of the propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, and wherein the propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A has a content ratio of primary hydroxyl groups of 10% by mol or less of the entire hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A surface position detecting apparatus comprises a light-sending optical system which makes first light from a first pattern and second light from a second pattern incident at different incidence angles to a predetermined surface to project an intermediate image of the first pattern and an intermediate image of the second pattern onto the predetermined surface; a light-receiving optical system which guides the first light and the second light reflected on the predetermined surface, to a first observation surface and to a second observation surface, respectively, to form an observation image of the first pattern on the first observation surface and an observation image of the second pattern on the second observation surface; and a detecting section which detects position information of the observation image of the first pattern on the first observation surface and position information of the observation image of the second pattern on the second observation surface and which calculates a surface position of the

Abstract: A surface position detection apparatus capable of highly precisely detecting the surface position of a surface to be detected without substantially being affected by relative positional displacement due to a polarization component occurring in a light flux having passed through a reflective surface. In the apparatus, a projection system has a projection side prism member (7) having first reflective surfaces (7b, 7c), and a light receiving system has a light receiving prism member (8) having second reflective surfaces (8b, 8c) arranged in correspondence with the projection side prism member.

Abstract: A reflecting member has: a first reflecting surface, which extends in a second direction that includes a first direction component; a second reflecting surface, which extends in a third direction that includes the first direction component, that is substantially symmetric to the first reflecting surface; and a third reflecting surface, which extends in a fourth direction, that is substantially orthogonal to the first direction.

Abstract: A surface position detection apparatus capable of highly precisely detecting the surface position of a surface to be detected without substantially being affected by relative positional displacement due to a polarization component occurring in a light flux having passed through a reflective surface. In the apparatus, a projection system has a projection side prism member (7) having first reflective surfaces (7b, 7c), and a light receiving system has a light receiving prism member (8) having second reflective surfaces (8b, 8c) arranged in correspondence with the projection side prism member. The surface position detection apparatus further has a member for compensating relative positional displacement due to a polarization component of a light flux having passed through the first and second reflective surfaces.

Abstract: A purple non-sulfur bacteria useful in preventing and/or ameliorating at least one disease selected from the group consisting of inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, and autoimmune diseases and having high safety is provided. A preventive and/or ameliorative agent is for at least one disease selected from the group consisting of inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, and autoimmune diseases and includes at least one of a purple non-sulfur bacteria and a culture material obtained by culturing the purple non-sulfur bacteria. The purple non-sulfur bacteria includes Rhodobacter azotoformans.

Abstract: A surface position detecting apparatus which detects position information of a predetermined surface in an object, comprising a first optical system which projects light from an oblique direction to the predetermined surface; a second optical system which receive the light from the object; a detecting system which receives the light from the second optical system and which detects the position information of the predetermined surface in a direction intersecting the predetermined surface based on the light; and a phase difference imparting system which is arranged in an optical path of at least one of the first and second optical systems and which imparts a phase difference between different portions from each other of light traveling via a surface other than the predetermined surface in the object, in the light from the second optical system.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus with LED includes a metal-made main body 90; a plurality of LED chip units 1 each including an LED chip and a pair of lead terminals 42, 43 electrically connected to electrodes of the LED chip; and a dielectric layer 80 disposed between the main body 90 and each LED chip unit 1 for making electrical insulation therebetween as well as bond the same. The circuit board 20 is formed with a plurality of windows 23 through which the individual LED chip units 1 extend respectively with the lead terminals held in electrical contact with the circuit pattern of the circuit board at the circumference of the window, each of the LED chip units being thermally coupled at its bottom face with the main body 90 through the dielectric layer 80, and the heat generated in the LED chip is conducted to the main body through the dielectric layer without passing through the circuit board.

Abstract: A light-emitting device of the present invention includes: a LED chip 10; a chip mounting member 70 having a conductive plate (heat transfer plate) 71 one surface side of which the LED chip 10 is mounted on and a conductor patterns 73, 73 which is formed on the one surface side of the conductive plate 71 through an insulating part 72 and electrically connected to the LED chip 10; and a sheet-shaped connecting member 80 disposed on the other surface side of the conductive plate 71 to connect the conductive plate 71 to a body of the luminaire 90 which is a metal member for holding the chip mounting member 70. The connecting member 80 is made of a resin sheet which includes a filler and whose viscosity is reduced by heating, and the connecting member 80 has an electrical insulating property and thermally connects the conductive plate 71 and the body 90 of the luminaire to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof that can prevent defects such as streaks and pinholes from occurring in the obtained electrode when it is used as a binder for an electrode of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The present invention provides carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof of which ratio of a dry mass A to a dry mass B is less than 50 ppm when 2 liters of a 0.3 mass % aqueous solution of the dry mass B of the carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof is prepared, the entire amount of the aqueous solution is filtrated through a 250-mesh filter under a reduced pressure of ?200 mmHg, and the dry mass A of a residue on the filter is measured after filtration. The applications of the carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof are also provided.

Abstract: A light-emitting device of the present invention includes: a LED chip 10; a chip mounting member 70 having a conductive plate (heat transfer plate) 71 one surface side of which the LED chip 10 is mounted on and a conductor patterns 73, 73 which is formed on the one surface side of the conductive plate 71 through an insulating part 72 and electrically connected to the LED chip 10; and a sheet-shaped connecting member 80 disposed on the other surface side of the conductive plate 71 to connect the conductive plate 71 to a body of the luminaire 90 which is a metal member for holding the chip mounting member 70. The connecting member 80 is made of a resin sheet which includes a filler and whose viscosity is reduced by heating, and the connecting member 80 has an electrical insulating property and thermally connects the conductive plate 71 and the body 90 of the luminaire to each other.

Abstract: Although zinc pyrithione is known as an excellent antidandruff component, there is a demand for an effort to reduce the blending amount without lowering the effects from the viewpoint of environmental pollution. Also, there is a demand for developing a technique that enables combining zinc pyrithione with cuprous oxide to be used as an antifouling component for a ship-bottom paint. Moreover, also as an antiseptic and anti-mold component for polymer materials, further enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of zinc pyrithione has been demanded. It has been elucidated that a new composite of the present invention obtained by treating an aqueous suspension or an aqueous paste containing zinc pyrithione or a zinc pyrithione/zinc oxide complex compound and ultrafine zinc oxide having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 0.15 ?M at pH 8 to 12 exerts an excellent physiologic/antibiotic activity such as an anti-dandruff and hair restoration effect and an underwater antifouling, antiseptic and anti-mold effect.

Abstract: A light-emitting device of the present invention includes: a LED chip 10; a chip mounting member 70 having a conductive plate (heat transfer plate) 71 one surface side of which the LED chip 10 is mounted on and a conductor patterns 73, 73 which is formed on the one surface side of the conductive plate 71 through an insulating part 72 and electrically connected to the LED chip 10; and a sheet-shaped connecting member 80 disposed on the other surface side of the conductive plate 71 to connect the conductive plate 71 to a body of the luminaire 90 which is a metal member for holding the chip mounting member 70. The connecting member 80 is made of a resin sheet which includes a filler and whose viscosity is reduced by heating, and the connecting member 80 has an electrical insulating property and thermally connects the conductive plate 71 and the body 90 of the luminaire to each other.

Abstract: It is required to devise a way to reduce the amount of zinc pyrithione added to hair care products as an anti-dandruff agent so as to decrease stimulation to the ocular mucosa, and to reduce an influence on the environment of domestic wastewater, and a way to accelerate the decomposition of zinc pyrithione in sewage treatment facilities, rivers, lakes and ponds. Furthermore, zinc pyrithione used as an antifouling agent for ship-bottom paints is eluted from a coating film at a high rate and thus results in poor long-term antifouling effect, so that it is also required to devise a way to decrease the solubility thereof in seawater. These problems could be solved at once by an antibiotic composition obtained by adsorbing zinc pyrithione or a zinc pyrithione/zinc oxide composite compound to hydrous titanium oxide.