Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method of a liquid crystal display device using an OCB (optically compensated birefringence) which realizes a wide view-field angle and high-speed response, and has an object of providing a driving method of a liquid crystal display device which method causes an OCB cell to transfer from a splay orientation state to a bend orientation state in short time.In a driving method of a liquid crystal display device using an OCB cell, gate on/off periods of a TFT are controlled at a start of a display operation, each pixel is caused to have bend orientation by a strong electric field that is generated between a gate electrode and a common electrode, and, at the same time, a voltage that is higher than that to generate an electric field necessary to maintain bend orientation is applied between a display electrode and the common electrode, to thereby effect transfer to bend orientation in short time.

Abstract: A scheme for image selection in an image transmission system for transmitting images from an image source to an image display device, capable of eliminating a need for the viewer to select the desired image by actually watching individual images and easily selecting the desired image in which a specific desired target of the viewer is shown. Feature information for identifying targets shown in each image is obtained, while a desired feature information for identifying a desired target specified by the viewer is entered. Then, the desired image which contains the desired target specified by the viewer is selected according to the obtained feature information and the entered desired feature information. The feature information may be obtained by recognizing targets shown in each image provided by the image source, or may be generated in advance in correspondence to images provided by the image source.

Abstract: To correct the dependency of the transmissivity/applied voltage characteristics on color, a computing circuit is provided for generating corrected gray scale data by performing an addition or subtraction of the gray scale level related to at least one color. A delay circuit delays the gray scale data for uncorrected colors to maintain synchronization between the gray scale signals of all colors.

Abstract: An object is to obtain a semiconductor wafer evaluation method and a semiconductor device manufacturing method having a reduced turn-around time and requiring no process apparatus and no dielectric breakdown characteristic evaluation device in evaluation of the dielectric breakdown characteristic of the oxide film. A sample wafer (1) is etched by using an SC-1 solution bath (2) to change process defects caused in the fabrication process including mirror polishing into pits. The number of pits is detected with a dust particle inspection system, and the dielectric breakdown characteristic of the sample wafer 1 can be evaluated by using the number of detected pits and previously obtained relations between the number of pits and the dielectric breakdown characteristic.

Abstract: A monocrystalline silicon wafer is improved so as not to cause enhanced oxidation at the time of forming a gate oxide film. The monocrystalline silicon wafer includes a monocrystalline silicon substrate. The monocrystalline silicon substrate has potassium concentration of at most 2.times.10.sup.11 atoms/cm.sup.2 at an outer surface thereof.

Abstract: In order to display an image on a liquid crystal display at a constant image quality independently of a change of the length of the period for applying voltages with the same polarity to the liquid crystal, the length of one cycle of a horizontal synchronizing signal inputted to an LCD unit from an information processor is counted and the amplitude of data voltage and the center of the amplitude are corrected so that the amplitude of the data voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal increases and a correction value for the center of the amplitude increases as the length of the period for applying data voltages with the same polarity to the liquid crystal decreases in accordance with the length of one cycle of the horizontal synchronizing signal and whether to perform gate overlap scan.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate with no reduction in the effective usage area and mechanical strength, and non-uniformity of the resist film thickness, and method of manufacturing and using the same are obtained. A detection mark for detecting the crystal orientation of a silicon wafer having an outer perimeter entirely of a circular contour is formed at a predetermined region of the silicon wafer. The crystal orientation of the semiconductor wafer can easily be detected with the outer perimeter still taking a circular contour. Therefore, various problems encountered in a conventional semiconductor substrate having an orientation flat or notch such as reduction in mechanical strength and effective usage area, and non-uniformity of the resist film can be circumvented.

Abstract: A lamp socket for supporting an HID lamp includes a hollow casing having a lamp mounting opening defined at one end and the opposite end closed;an electrode carrier member disposed inside the casing; a center electrode disposedon the electrode carrier member at a location coaxial with an axis perpendicular to a plane of the lamp mounting opening and engageable with a center contact point in a mouthpiece of a lamp to be received in the lamp socket; a peripheral electrode disposed on the electrode carrier member at a location offset laterally from the center electrode and also from the axis for engagement a peripheral contact point in the mouthpiece of the lamp; an electrode shielding member disposed within the casing for movement between projected and retracted positions; and a coil spring for biasing the electrode shielding member to the projected position and operable to permit the electrode shielding member to move towards the retracted position against a biasing force thereof in response to insertion of th

Abstract: The generation of flicker is prevented when the contrast of a displayed image is changed. The amplitude of the data voltage whose polarity is inverted at a timing synchronized with the display cycle of an image is changed based on the tone and the designed contrast. At the same time, the position (center) of 0 V relative to the amplitude of the data voltage is offset a larger amount as the contrast increases. This corrects a change V in voltage between the electrodes under the influence of the parasitic capacity of a TFT when the TFT is turned off, so that the voltage between the electrodes is also turned off despite the polarity of the data voltage applied to the liquid crystal, even when the designated contrast is relatively high and the amplitude of the data voltage is relatively small, and even when the designated contrast is relatively low and the amplitude of the data voltage is relatively large.

Abstract: A lamp guarding unit 26 of a backlight 20 for a liquid crystal display is detachable from a lamp holding unit 24 fixed to a light-guiding plate 22 in a direction perpendicular to a light illumination surface of the light-guiding plate 22. Therefore, in replacing a fluorescent tube 44, it is not necessary to replace the whole backlight 20 or for the user to touch the fluorescent tube 44, which is difficult to handle. Because of the perpendicular removal, only a small space is needed for the replacement. Thus, the fluorescent tube 44 can be replaced safely and easily, and only a small space is required for this replacement.

Abstract: Herein are disclosed a resin magnet excellent in flow characteristics and magnetic properties comprising a surface modified magnetic powder in respect of which the surface of the magnetic powder particles has been coated uniformly with a surface modifying mixture consisting of a titanium oligomer and an organic acid ester, and a resin; a magnetic toner excellent in printing quality and resolution comprising a fine powder prepared by mixing and pulverizing a resin and such a surface-modified magnetic powder, and a fluidizing agent; a magnetic coating material comprising such a surface-modified magnetic powder, an organic binder, and a solvent; and a magnetic recording material excellent in magnetic and surface properties obtained by coating a substrate resin with a magnetic coating material comprising such a surface-modified magnetic powder, an organic binder, and a solvent.

Abstract: A voltage stabilizing circuit comprising a voltage detecting circuit for detecting a control voltage in response to an output voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit, and a control circuit for stabilizing, based on the control voltage, the output voltage of the electronic device. To remove the component of a base-emitter voltage from the control voltage, the voltage detecting circuit includes a first series circuit and a second series circuit connected to each other in series. The first series circuit consists of a first resistor and a first transistor connected in series. The second series circuit consists of a second resistor and a second transistor connected in series. The second transistor is connected to function as a diode connection. The first resistor and the second resistor have substantially the same resistances. Thus the control voltage is made to be substantially the same as the output voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyether acrylamide derivative of the following general formula (I): ##STR1## as well as an active energy ray curable resin composition comprising at least one polyether acrylamide derivative of the above general formula (I) and a cured product produced by curing such an active energy curable resin composition with active energy rays.

Abstract: An N-substituted dialkylacetal (meth)acrylamide of formula II: ##STR1## wherein n represents 3 or 4; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or methyl; and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms is prepared by thermally decomposing an aminoacetal derivative represented by Formula I: ##STR2## wherein n, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above, in the presence of a base.

Abstract: A chemically modified electrode comprising a pyrolytic graphite surface, wherein the basal plane of graphite is exposed on said surface and a redox/adsorption electron mediator is irreversibly absorped directly onto the basal plane of graphite on said surface, is disclosed along with methods of using this electrode.

Abstract: A sound source searching device for searching an objective sound source out of a plurality of sound sources, is disclosed. The device comprises an intensity probe provided with one pair of microphones, pulse motors for rotating the probe on the horizontal and vertical planes, a computer for calculating acoustic intensity corresponding to the frequency of the objective sound source from the sound pressure signal generated by the intensity probe, an interface device provided with pulse motor driving circuits for driving the pulse motors in accordance with the instructions of the computer by predetermined angles and an indicator for indicating the direction in which the acoustic intensity is the minimum on the horizontal and the vertical planes, as the direction of the objective sound source.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved martensitic stainless steel, which essentially consisting of 0.15 to 0.50% of C, 0.01 to 0.50% of Si, 0.30 to 2.0% of Mn, 1.0 to 3.0% of Cu, up to 0.20% of Ni, 13.0 to 17.0% of Cr and 0.02 to 0.10% of N, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. The stainless steel can be easily cold pressed as annealed and acquires a high strength when heat treated. Corrosion resistance of the steel is equal to or better than that of a conventional martensitic steel.