Abstract: A solid catalyst has a close-packed structure and has a first surface layer and a second surface layer, wherein the first surface layer includes platinum as a main component and the second surface layer contains PtaXb (wherein X is one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W; a+b=100; and 25?b?50); and a fuel cell includes the solid catalyst as an anode-side electrode catalyst.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a p-n junction formed by joining a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor. The p-type semiconductor is a chalcopyrite compound semiconductor with a band gap of 1.5 eV or more within which an intermediate level exists with a half bandwidth of 0.05 eV or more. The intermediate level is different from an impurity level. The chalcopyrite compound semiconductor includes a first element having first electronegativity of 1.9 or more in Pauling units, the first element occupying a lattice site of the semiconductor. A portion of the first element is substituted with a second element having second electronegativity different from the first electronegativity, the second element being a congeneric element of the first element. The intermediate level is created by substituting the first element with the second element.

Abstract: A mobile crusher includes: a crusher having a fixed jaw and a swing jaw and adjusting an outlet gap between lower ends of the fixed jaw and the swing jaw, the crusher crushing raw materials by swing movement of the swing jaw toward the fixed jaw and discharging the raw materials crushed by the crusher from the outlet gap to produce crushed materials; a work implement disposed on an upper stream or a lower stream of the crusher to produce the crushed materials; and a controller that controls a work implement speed of the work implement depending on the outlet gap.

Abstract: A mobile crusher includes: a crusher for crushing raw materials; a discharge conveyor provided on a lower stream of the crusher for discharging the raw materials crushed by the crusher; a work implement provided on an upper stream of the crusher for producing the crushed materials; a conveyor sensor and conveyor pressure comparing unit for determining whether the crushed materials to be discharged are fed on the discharge conveyor or not; a crusher pressure sensor and crusher pressure comparing unit for determining whether the raw materials are present in the crusher or not; and a flow rate controller for controlling the speeds of the crusher, discharge conveyor and work implement based on determination results of the conveyor pressure sensor, conveyor pressure comparing unit, crusher pressure sensor and crusher pressure comparing unit.

Abstract: A magnetic disk apparatus including: a disk holding data as magnetic information on a magnetic recording film; a head to perform writing and reading of the magnetic information; a rotary actuator to move the head in a radial direction of the disk; plural heat elements in the head to locally heat the disk; a write element in the head to apply a magnetic field to the disk; and means for selecting at least one heat element from the plural heat elements, wherein the means for selecting the heat element selects at least one heat element from the plural heat elements so as to bring a center line of an area heated by the heat element and a center line of the position of the magnetic field generated by the write element into approximate correspondence, in correspondence with a relative angle between the head and a direction of movement of the disk.

Abstract: A solid catalyst has a close-packed structure and has a first surface layer and a second surface layer, wherein the first surface layer includes platinum as a main component and the second surface layer contains PtaXb (wherein X is one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W; a+b=100; and 25?b?50); and a fuel cell includes the solid catalyst as an anode-side electrode catalyst.

Abstract: A self-traveling crushing machine includes: a traveling device; a crushing device that is provided on the traveling device and crushes a to-be-crushed object supplied; an overload escaping section that escapes an overload of the crushing device; and a controller that controls the crushing device. In the self-traveling crushing machine, the crushing device is a jaw crusher in which the to-be-crushed object is supplied to a V-shaped space formed by a fixed jaw and a movable jaw and the movable jaw swings relative to the fixed jaw to crush the to-be-crushed object, and the controller includes: an escape-operation determining section that determines whether or not the overload escaping section has operated; and an information output section that sends the escape operation information to an outside when the escape-operation determining section determines that the escape operation has been conducted.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention avoid loss of information as recorded, due to an external magnetic field applied. In one embodiment, a pole expanded part prone to occurrence of magnetic saturation is formed so as to prevent magnetic fluxes from being converged at ends of a return pole of a magnetic head.

Abstract: To effectively suppress a signal in a low frequency region in which the medium noise and the signal distortion are concentrated, and in order to effectively utilize a detected component of the reproduced signal in the low frequency region, a target of partial response equalization to the perpendicularly recorded/reproduced signal is set so that the low-frequency component around the direct current is suppressed to a regulated quantity for both the effective suppression and the effective utilization. Accordingly, a maximum-likelihood decoding process is carried out through the target of partial response equalization. Reliability of data detection is made higher and a signal-to-noise ratio is improved, so that the noise from the recording medium can be reduced more and it is possible to provide a high-density magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus.

Abstract: In a method of servo writing of a magnetic recording system and the magnetic recording system, the signal is recorded in a dummy area with a higher recording density than the burst signal. Also, the maximum bit length of the burst area is shortened as compared with the maximum bit length of the data area. A servo control method for perpendicular recording similar to that for longitudinal recording can be used to reduce the development cost. The anti-signal decay performance is also improved. Further, since the variations of the burst signal along the track width is suppressed, the positioning accuracy is improved. These effects combine to produce a reliable magnetic recording system of large capacity.

Abstract: To effectively suppress a signal in a low frequency region in which the medium noise and the signal distortion are concentrated, and in order to effectively utilize a detected component of the reproduced signal in the low frequency region, a target of partial response equalization to the perpendicularly recorded/reproduced signal is set so that the low-frequency component around the direct current is suppressed to a regulated quantity for both the effective suppression and the effective utilization. Accordingly, a maximum-likelihood decoding process is carried out through the target of partial response equalization. Reliability of data detection is made higher and a signal-to-noise ratio is improved, so that the noise from the recording medium can be reduced more and it is possible to provide a high-density magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus.

Abstract: The invention provides a servo pattern that is stable for long time, easily writable, and excellent in S/N. DC-signal area included in a burst area of a servo pattern comprises combination of positive and negative DC-signals, low-density dummy bit, or pattern having phases that are deviated each other so that the sum of magnetization of the burst area of the servo pattern is equalized to 0.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention improve efficiency in alternating-current demagnetization of a magnetic recording medium. In specific embodiments, magnet fields in a direction slanting to an easy direction of magnetization of recording layer magnetization of a medium in rotation are applied.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention avoid erasure of recorded data by concentrating stray fields on a magnetic head element. According to one embodiment, in a magnetic storage apparatus using a perpendicular recording medium with a soft magnetic under layer, a soft magnetic shield is provided so as to surround the upper parts and sides of magnetic head elements. A distance between the soft magnetic shield and the medium is shorter than that between the soft magnetic shield and the magnetic head element.

Abstract: In the present invention, by making the width of the write element larger than the track pitch and securing a write magnetic field strong enough to reverse the magnetization of the magnetic layer, and further by writing while shifting a write head comprising the write element, a magnetic disk drive, of which the track width is narrower than the write element width, and the storage capacity is large, is realized.

Abstract: In a method of servo writing of a magnetic recording system and the magnetic recording system, the signal is recorded in a dummy area with a higher recording density than the burst signal. Also, the maximum bit length of the burst area is shortened as compared with the maximum bit length of the data area. A servo control method for perpendicular recording similar to that for longitudinal recording can be used to reduce the development cost. The anti-signal decay performance is also improved. Further, since the variations of the burst signal along the track width is suppressed, the positioning accuracy is improved. These effects combine to produce a reliable magnetic recording system of large capacity.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention efficiently improve the stray field robustness without changing the size or weight of the drive on a large scale. Because a stray field concentrates on a magnetic field element, a symptom in which already recorded data is erased is prevented. According to one embodiment, in a magnetic recording system that uses a perpendicular recording medium having a soft magnetic under layer, a soft magnetic shield is provided on an upper part and a side of a slider on which a magnetic head is mounted, and a distance C between the shield and the medium is made smaller than a distance A or B between the shield and the slider.