Abstract: A method of increasing transesterification conversion of oils includes steps of packing a filler into a rotating packed bed reactor having a rotary bed, centrifugally rotating the rotary bed, injecting an oil into the rotary bed, performing transesterification with adding a reaction gas into the rotating packed bed reactor and collecting the modified oil. By centrifugally rotating the rotary bed, the oil is provided with kinetic energy to pass through the filler and transesterification conversion of the oil is raised. Therefore, manufacturing costs can be lowered and the oil is modified to become suitable fuel for automobiles or motorcycles.

Abstract: A pair of scissors include a pair of intersecting main cutting members pivotally connected with each other, and multiple pairs of intersecting secondary cutting members pivotally connected with each other and coupled with the main cutting members so that each pair of the intersecting secondary cutting members are movable in concert with the main cutting members to perform opening or closing actions. Thus, the secondary cutting members co-operate with the main cutting members to form multiple cutting slits on the paper at a time so as to shred the paper or cut the paper into multiple pieces in a shorter period of time, thereby saving the working time and enhancing the working efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multiple-stage FIFO mechanism capable of receiving data signals correctly. The circuit includes a write-enable pulse sequencer for sequentially generating a plurality of write-enable signals. An N-stage FIFO sequentially stores an input data and outputs the input data. An output stage selector sequentially generates a control signal. And a multiplexer selectively outputs the input data from the N-stage FIFO.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a linewidth measurement tool and a system for calibrating the linewidth measurement tool each employ a correction of a series of periodic actual measurements of at least one single measurement location of a topographic feature within a linewidth standard with an exponentially weighted moving average of a series of deviations of the series of periodic actual measurements from a corresponding series of regressed data points derived from mathematical regression of the series of periodic actual measurements. Such a correction provides for a more accurate calibration of the linewidth measurement tool and a more accurate measurement of linewidths within microelectronic products while employing the calibrated linewidth measurement tool.

Abstract: A method for measuring a dielectric layer thickness calibration reference standard including providing a substrate having a dielectric layer for calibrating a dielectric layer thickness measuring tool; cleaning the dielectric layer according to a cleaning process including at least one of spraying and scrubbing; and, measuring the thickness of the dielectric layer with the dielectric layer thickness measuring tool including at least one portion of the dielectric layer displaced from the substrate center.

Abstract: A method for measuring a dielectric layer thickness calibration reference standard including providing a substrate having a dielectric layer for calibrating a dielectric layer thickness measuring tool; cleaning the dielectric layer according to a cleaning process including at least one of spraying and scrubbing; and, measuring the thickness of the dielectric layer with the dielectric layer thickness measuring tool including at least one portion of the dielectric layer displaced from the substrate center.

Abstract: A memory read/write arbitration method is disclosed. The memory read/write arbitration method, which is utilized in a memory controller for increasing row hit rate and decreasing the delay of memory access, comprises: providing a arbitrator; providing a read request fifo queue having command read requests; providing a write request fifo queue having command write requests; performing a judgment step for generating a priority, wherein the judgment step comprises: performing a first sub-judgment step to determine that a command read request of the command read requests has priority over a command write request of the command write requests, or the command write request can be forwarded to a second sub-judgment step under adaptive first-step conditions; performing the second sub-judgment step to determine the read request has priority over the command write request from the first sub-judgment step, or the command write request from the first sub-judgment has priority over the command read request.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multiple-stage FIFO mechanism capable of receiving data signals correctly. The circuit includes a write-enable pulse sequencer for sequentially generating a plurality of write-enable signals. An N-stage FIFO sequentially stores an input data and outputs the input data. An output stage selector sequentially generates a control signal. And a multiplexer selectively outputs the input data from the N-stage FIFO.