Abstract: A method for fabricating a physically unclonable function (PUF) device includes the steps of first providing a PUF cell array having a plurality of unit cells, in which each of the unit cells includes a transistor and a first metal-oxide semiconductor capacitor (MOSCAP) and a second MOSCAP coupled to the transistor. Next, a voltage is transmitted through the transistor to the first MOSCAP and the second MOSCAP and whether the first MOSCAP or the second MOSCAP reaches a breakdown is determined.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a medium-voltage (MV) region and an one time programmable (OTP) capacitor region, a MV device on the MV region, and an OTP capacitor on the OTP capacitor region. Preferably, the MV device includes a first gate dielectric layer on the substrate, a first gate electrode on the first gate dielectric layer, and a shallow trench isolation (STI) adjacent to two sides of the first gate electrode. The OTP capacitor includes a fin-shaped structure on the substrate, a doped region in the fin-shaped structure, a second gate dielectric layer on the doped region, and a second gate electrode on the second gate dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of first forming a gate structure on a substrate, forming a first spacer on the gate structure, forming a patterned mask on the gate structure and one side of the gate structure, removing the first spacer on another side of the gate structure, and then forming a source/drain region adjacent to two sides of the gate structure.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of first providing a substrate having a non-metal-oxide semiconductor capacitor (non-MOSCAP) region and a MOSCAP region, forming a fin-shaped structure on the MOSCAP region, forming a shallow trench isolation (STI) around the substrate and the fin-shaped structure, performing a first etching process to remove part of the STI on the MOSCAP region, and then performing a second etching process to remove part of the STI on the non-MOSCAP region and the MOSCAP region.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of first providing a substrate having a non-metal-oxide semiconductor capacitor (non-MOSCAP) region and a MOSCAP region, forming a first fin-shaped structure on the MOSCAP region, performing a monolayer doping (MLD) process on the first fin-shaped structure, and then performing an anneal process for driving dopants into the first fin-shaped structure. Preferably, the MLD process is further accomplished by first performing a wet chemical doping process on the first fin-shaped structure and then forming a cap layer on the non-MOSCAP region and the MOSCAP region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a bottom portion, a middle portion, a top portion, and a base portion between the bottom portion and the substrate. Preferably, the bottom portion is surrounded by a shallow trench isolation (STI), a gate oxide layer is disposed on the fin-shaped structure and the STI, a bottom surface of the gate oxide layer is higher than a top surface of the base portion, a width of a top surface of the bottom portion is greater than half the width of the bottom surface of the bottom portion, and a tip of the top portion includes a tapered portion.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a physically unclonable function (PUF) device includes the steps of firs providing a substrate comprising a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) region, a PUF cell region, and a non-PUF cell region, forming a first metal interconnection on the MRAM region, forming a second metal interconnection on the PUF cell region, and forming a third metal interconnection on the non-PUF cell region. Preferably, the first metal interconnection and the second metal interconnection include patterns of different shapes and the first metal interconnection and the third metal interconnection include patterns of same shape.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of first providing a substrate comprising a non-metal-oxide semiconductor capacitor (non-MOSCAP) region and a MOSCAP region, forming a first fin-shaped structure on the MOSCAP region, forming a doped layer on the substrate of the non-MOSCAP region and the first fin-shaped structure on the MOSCAP region, removing the doped layer on the non-MOSCAP region, and then performing an anneal process to drive dopants from the doped layer into the first fin-shaped structure.

Abstract: A method for physically unclonable function through gate height tuning is provided in the present invention, including steps of forming a high-k dielectric layer and a dummy silicon layer on a semiconductor substrate, removing the dummy silicon layer, forming a work function layer and a metal filling layer on the high-k dielectric layer, and performing a CMP process to remove the metal filling layer, so as to form metal gates with heights lower than a critical gate height, and using the metal gates to manufacture PIO pairs in an internal bias generator. Since the height of metal gates is lower than the critical gate height, a local threshold voltage mismatching of the programmed I/O (PIO) pairs becomes larger, so as to achieve random code generation in physically unclonable function (PUF).

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of providing a substrate having a medium-voltage (MV) region and a low-voltage (LV) region, forming fin-shaped structures on the LV region, forming an insulating layer between the fin-shaped structures, forming a hard mask on the LV region, and then performing a thermal oxidation process to form a gate dielectric layer on the MV region. Preferably, a hump is formed on the substrate surface of the MV region after the hard mask is removed, in which the hump further includes a first hump adjacent to one side of the substrate on the MV region and a second hump adjacent to another side of the substrate on the MV region.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of distinguishably detecting two biomarkers with cross-reactivity in a biological sample. The method comprises providing two sensor units specific to the two biomarkers, respectively; obtaining binding affinities of a series of known concentrations of the two biomarkers to the sensor units, respectively; contacting the biological sample with the two sensor units to produce two signals; and calculating the concentrations of the two biomarkers in the biological sample with the two signals and the binding affinities.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes the steps of first providing a substrate having an active region as the substrate includes a medium-voltage (MV) region and a low-voltage (LV) region, forming a first divot adjacent to one side of the active region, forming a second divot adjacent to another side of the active region, forming a first liner in the first divot and the second divot and on the substrate of the MV region and LV region, forming a second liner on the first liner, and then removing the second liner, the first liner, and the substrate on the LV region for forming a fin-shaped structure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a detection method for low-concentration metal ions in solution, which avoids damage of strong acids and strong alkalis to the field effect transistors (FET) while using a control solution as a reference for calibration. By adjusting the electronic signals (resistance, inductance, current, voltage, etc.) generated by the solution to be tested and the control solution to be the same, the voltage difference therebetween is employed to quantitively infer the metal ions concentration of the solution to be tested.

Abstract: A reflective mask includes a reflective multilayer over a substrate, a capping layer over the reflective multilayer, an absorber layer over the capping layer and including a top surface, and a protection layer directly on the top surface of the absorber layer. The absorber layer is formed of a first material and the protection layer is formed of a second material that is less easily to be oxidized than the first material.

Abstract: A lithography mask includes a substrate, a reflective structure disposed over a first side of the substrate, and a patterned absorber layer disposed over the reflective structure. The lithography mask includes a first region and a second region that surrounds the first region in a top view. The patterned absorber layer is located in the first region. A substantially non-reflective material is located in the second region. The lithography mask is formed by forming a reflective structure over a substrate, forming an absorber layer over the reflective structure, defining a first region of the lithography mask, and defining a second region of the lithography mask. The defining of the first region includes patterning the absorber layer. The second region is defined to surround the first region in a top view. The defining of the second region includes forming a substantially non-reflective material in the second region.

Abstract: A method of treating a surface of a reticle includes retrieving a reticle from a reticle library and transferring the reticle to a treatment device. The surface of the reticle is treated in the treatment device by irradiating the surface of the reticle UV radiation while ozone fluid is over the surface of the reticle for a predetermined irradiation time. After the treatment, the reticle is transferred to an exposure device for lithography operation to generate a photo resist pattern on a wafer. A surface of the wafer is imaged to generate an image of the photo resist pattern on the wafer. The generated image of the photo resist pattern is analyzed to determine critical dimension uniformity (CDU) of the photo resist pattern. The predetermined irradiation time is increased if the CDU does not satisfy a threshold CDU.

Abstract: An exosomal nucleic acid extraction method is provided. A substrate is provided, on which antibodies and silicon nanoparticles are disposed, and the antibodies have binding specificity to exosomal surface antigens. After that, based on the binding specificity between the antibodies and the exosomal surface antigens, exosomes in a specimen are separated. Next, the nucleic acids in the separated exosomes are adsorbed by the silicon nanoparticles.

Abstract: A reflective mask includes a reflective multilayer over a substrate, a capping layer over the reflective multilayer, an absorber layer over the capping layer and including a top surface, and a protection layer directly on the top surface of the absorber layer. The absorber layer is formed of a first material and the protection layer is formed of a second material that is less easily to be oxidized than the first material.

Abstract: A lithography mask includes a substrate, a reflective structure disposed over a first side of the substrate, and a patterned absorber layer disposed over the reflective structure. The lithography mask includes a first region and a second region that surrounds the first region in a top view. The patterned absorber layer is located in the first region. A substantially non-reflective material is located in the second region. The lithography mask is formed by forming a reflective structure over a substrate, forming an absorber layer over the reflective structure, defining a first region of the lithography mask, and defining a second region of the lithography mask. The defining of the first region includes patterning the absorber layer. The second region is defined to surround the first region in a top view. The defining of the second region includes forming a substantially non-reflective material in the second region.

Abstract: A method comprises receiving a workpiece that includes a substrate having a low temperature expansion material, a reflective multilayer over the substrate, a capping layer over the reflective multilayer, and an absorber layer over the capping layer. The method further comprises patterning the absorber layer to provide first trenches corresponding to circuit patterns on a wafer, and patterning the absorber layer, the capping layer, and the reflective multilayer to provide second trenches corresponding to a die boundary area on the wafer, thereby providing an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) mask. The method further comprises treating the EUVL mask with a treatment chemical that prevents exposed surfaces of the absorber layer from oxidation.