Abstract: A method for balancing traffic across paths connecting a network to the Internet using a fractional allocation strategy for distributing the traffic from a congested selected path. The strategy includes: (a) associating the paths j with a counter i; (b) calculating the total initial selected path overload; (c) calculating the selected path load, wherein the load is equal to the initial selected path overload less the sum of the low capacity boundary for i path(s); (d) calculating the portion of the traffic on the selected path to be distributed using a bi-sectional search strategy; (e) distributing a portion of the traffic on the selected path to the other paths; and (f) stopping if there are no more paths (i=j), otherwise increasing the numerical value of the counter by one (1) and go to step (c).

Abstract: An efficient streaming method and apparatus for detecting hierarchical heavy hitters from massive data streams is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method enables near real time detection of anomaly behavior in networks.

Abstract: The present invention develops an efficient streaming method for detecting multidimensional hierarchical heavy hitters from massive data streams and enables near real time detection of anomaly behavior in networks.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with optical add/drop modules. In one example, he drop portion of the add/drop module is accomplished by using thin film filters or thin film interleavers. The add portion of the add/drop module uses fused fiber interleavers for the less critical stages of the multiplexing process. In a final stage, fused fiber interleavers can be placed in series. A thin film interleaver having a flattop frequency response may also be used for the critical stage where the multiplexed channels are more closely spaced. The frequency response of the thin film interleaver is relatively constant across a bandwidth of a channel while having a drop off at the channel edge to reduce cross talk.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide for methods to launch data signals from single mode fiber optic cable into legacy multimode fiber optic cable. In one exemplary embodiment, a single mode fiber is offset slightly from the axis of a multimode fiber, thus only exciting the outer mode of the multimode fiber. In an alternate exemplary embodiment, a core portion of the single mode fiber is exposed, heated, and fused with a cladding portion of the multimode fiber. In yet another alternate exemplary embodiment, various lenses can be used to collimate and focus light signals from single mode fibers into multimode fibers, and vice versa. In these exemplary embodiments, the transmitted light signals can be in the range of from 1470 to about 1610 nm with, for example, a 20 nm channel separation. Other wavelengths and channel separations are also possible.

Abstract: A coaxial optical component and method of packaging and manufacturing a coaxial optical component. A dual fiber collimator is formed from a dual fiber pigtail and a collimating lens. The dual fiber pigtail and the collimating lens are adequately aligned such that the optical loss is minimized. Spacers are placed around the dual fiber collimator and epoxy is placed between the spacers and around the dual fiber collimator. The dual fiber collimator and the spacers are inserted in one end of a metal housing and aligned before the epoxy is cured. The spacers thus position the dual fiber collimator within the housing while separating the dual fiber collimator from the housing. The metal housing includes an extended portion adapted to receive another optical element for use with the dual fiber pigtail. Alternatively, the dual fiber collimator is replaced with a different optical element and secured within the metal housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the estimation of traffic matrices in a network are disclosed. Mechanisms are disclosed for measuring traffic volume from a plurality of ingress points to a plurality of egress points in a large scanl network, such as an IP backbone network. The traffic matrix is advantageously inferred from widely available link load measurements such as SNMP data.

Abstract: A thin film interleaver device is disclosed. The thin film interleaver includes thin film optics. The thin film(s) are formed such that they reflect one group of wavelengths while allowing a second group of wavelengths to pass through the thin film(s). The thin film(s) exhibit a flat top frequency response across the channel bandwidths of the multiplexed signal for which the thin film filter is designed such that the thin film interleaver is less sensitive to wavelength drift and temperature variations.

Abstract: A thin film interleaver device is disclosed. The thin film interleaver includes thin film optics. The thin film(s) are formed such that they reflect one group of wavelengths while allowing a second group of wavelengths to pass through the thin film(s). The thin film(s) exhibit a flat top frequency response across the channel bandwidths of the multiplexed signal for which the thin film filter is designed such that the thin film interleaver is less sensitive to wavelength drift and temperature variations.

Abstract: A variable adaptive mask is provided that can be dynamically modified in situ in a physical vapor deposition process. The mask comprises a fixed mask portion, a plurality of channels extending through the fixed mask portion, a control mechanism for controlling throughput of a vaporized target material through the channels, and a mechanism to mount the mask in a fixed position relative to a solid target material and a substrate. In one embodiment, a magnetic control mechanism is provided to control throughput of the vaporized target material through the channels. In another embodiment, a thermal control mechanism is provided to control throughput of a vaporized target material through the channels. Methods of controlling a physical vapor deposition process using the adaptive mask are also disclosed.

Abstract: An interleaver device and associated methods of manufacturing and calibration that use a laser bending technique to adjust the relative position of interferometers of the interleaver. The interleaver device includes a laterally divided housing with two lateral portions separated by supports. The supports are web like structures, the length of which can be adjusted in a predictable or measurable manner in response to a laser beam. The laser bending calibration and manufacturing technique uses a laser and a feedback and control system to adjust the spacing and angular relation between the lateral portions by partially melting one or more of the supports. The feedback and control system includes an optical detector, a computer, and a positioning system. This combination of components allows the interleaver device to be calibrated to precisely adjust the separation between channels within a WDM optical signal.

Abstract: The proposed coagulating and flocculating agent and the method for making it provide an efficient and economically attractive means for cleaning liquids, particularly water, and waste water and sludge. The spent FCC catalyst based coagulating and flocculating agent is a mineral material comprising polymeric aluminum chloride (PAC) [Al2(OH)nCl6-n]m, n<5, m<10, hydrated ferric chloride [FeCl3·6H2O] and extracted spent FCC catalyst. Furthermore, polymeric aluminum chloride and hydrated ferric chloride are evenly distributed inside the inter pores and outside surface of spent FCC catalyst, this unique feature of the proposed coagulating and flocculating agent leads to an excellent water treatment efficiency. In addition, the method of making it eventually convert spent FCC catalyst, currently being treated as semi-hazardous wastes produced by FCC process, into an environmental friendly new product without any byproduct in the making process.

Abstract: This document describes a protocol for reliably synchronizing states of nodes in a distributed environment through use of a Scalable Atomic Multicast (SAM) Service that ensures both atomicity and total order among messages sent to a multicast group. In addition to possessing good scalability property, this fault-tolerant protocol does not require explicit knowledge of multicast group membership, allows for non-disturbing state synchronization, and supports asynchronous non-blocking communications. According to one aspect of this invention, a dedicated sequencer is responsible solely for assigning sequence numbers to the multicast messages. The sequencer does not multicast the messages. Another aspect of the invention is the use of receiver-driven negative acknowledgments. According to third aspect, the invention supports message consolidation and garbage collection.

Abstract: Provided are compounds capable of covalently binding to a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). The compounds comprise Formula A: Also provided are compositions comprising one of the above compounds covalently bound to a member of the PTP superfamily, methods of labeling a PTP using the compounds, methods of isolating a PTP from a mixture of proteins using the compounds, methods of evaluating whether a substance is an inhibitor of a PTP using the compounds, methods of evaluating the specificity of an inhibitor of a PTP using the compounds, methods of identifying a PTP involved in a disease in a mammal using the compounds, and methods of diagnosing a disease in a mammal using the compounds.

Abstract: A method for balancing traffic across paths connecting a network to the Internet using a fractional allocation strategy for distributing the traffic from a congested selected path. The strategy includes: (a) associating the paths j with a counter i; (b) calculating the total initial selected path overload; (c) calculating the selected path load, wherein the load is equal to the initial selected path overload less the sum of the low capacity boundary for i path(s); (d) calculating the portion of the traffic on the selected path to be distributed using a bi-sectional search strategy; (e) distributing a portion of the traffic on the selected path to the other paths; and (f) stopping if there are no more paths (i=j), otherwise increasing the numerical value of the counter by one (1) and go to step (c).

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with optical add/drop modules. In one example, he drop portion of the add/drop module is accomplished by using thin film filters or thin film interleavers. The add portion of the add/drop module uses fused fiber interleavers for the less critical stages of the multiplexing process. In a final stage, fused fiber interleavers can be placed in series. A thin film interleaver having a flattop frequency response may also be used for the critical stage where the multiplexed channels are more closely spaced. The frequency response of the thin film interleaver is relatively constant across a bandwidth of a channel while having a drop off at the channel edge to reduce cross talk.

Abstract: A sketch-based change detection technique is introduced for anomaly detection and other applications that can benefit from having a quick and efficient change detection mechanism. The technique is capable of detecting significant changes in massive data streams with a large number of network time series. As part of the technique, we designed a variant of the sketch data structure, called k-ary sketch, uses a constant, small amount of memory, and has constant per-record update and reconstruction cost. A variety of time series forecast models are implemented on top of such summaries and detect significant changes by looking for flows with large forecast errors. Heuristics for automatically configuring the forecast model parameters are presented. Real Internet traffic data is used to demonstrate that the sketch-based change detection method is highly accurate when compared with per-flow analysis, and can be implemented at low computation and memory costs.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide for methods to launch data signals from single mode fiber optic cable into legacy multimode fiber optic cable. In one exemplary embodiment, a single mode fiber is offset slightly from the axis of a multimode fiber, thus only exciting the outer mode of the multimode fiber. In an alternate exemplary embodiment, a core portion of the single mode fiber is exposed, heated, and fused with a cladding portion of the multimode fiber. In yet another alternate exemplary embodiment, various lenses can be used to collimate and focus light signals from single mode fibers into multimode fibers, and vice versa. In these exemplary embodiments, the transmitted light signals can be in the range of from 1470 to about 1610 nm with, for example, a 20 nm channel separation. Other wavelengths and channel separations are also possible.

Abstract: Methods for discovery of enzyme ligands and inhibitors are disclosed. The methods comprise the creation and testing of combinatorial libraries comprising an active site-targeted component, a linker component and a peripheral site-targeted component. The methods also comprise a novel assay for determining whether a compound is a ligand of an enzyme. The assay evaluates whether the compound can inhibit the binding of a known ligand of the active site of the enzyme to a mutant of the enzyme that can bind the enzyme substrate but cannot catalyze an enzymatic reaction with the substrate. Various ligands and inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) are also disclosed. These ligands and inhibitors were discovered using the above methods. One particular inhibitor discovered using the invention methods has the highest specificity and affinity of any PTP1B inhibitor discovered to date.

Abstract: An interleaver device and associated methods of manufacturing and calibration that use a laser bending technique to adjust the relative position of interferometers of the interleaver. The interleaver device includes a laterally divided housing with two lateral portions separated by supports. The supports are web like structures, the length of which can be adjusted in a predictable or measurable manner in response to a laser beam. The laser bending calibration and manufacturing technique uses a laser and a feedback and control system to adjust the spacing and angular relation between the lateral portions by partially melting one or more of the supports. The feedback and control system includes an optical detector, a computer, and a positioning system. This combination of components allows the interleaver device to be calibrated to precisely adjust the separation between channels within a WDM optical signal.