Abstract: This application provides an example satellite, an example terminal device, an example satellite communication system, and an example satellite communication method. One example satellite communication method includes obtaining, by a first satellite, at a media access control (MAC) layer, data and/or signaling, where the first satellite is a low orbit satellite. When MAC-layer first processing needs to be performed on the data and/or the signaling, performing, by the first satellite, the MAC-layer first processing on the data and/or the signaling. The MAC-layer first processing includes at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) function processing or random access (RA) function processing.

Abstract: This application provides a scheduling method, a scheduling system, and a scheduling apparatus. After obtaining a reward feedback for a previous scheduling decision sent by a terminal device, a scheduler may send, in N time units after the reward feedback is received, a current scheduling decision calculated based on the reward feedback, where N>1 and N is an integer, so that sufficient time can be left for the scheduler to calculate and code the scheduling decision, thereby effectively resolve a problem that a scheduling procedure mismatches and conflicts with an over-the-air time sequence when the scheduler cannot obtain a reward of the previous scheduling decision in time.

Abstract: The technology of this application relates to a random access method, applied to the communication field. The method includes a terminal device sends, to a network device, a first message used to establish a wireless connection, the terminal device receives, a connection response sent by the network device, where the connection response includes information about a first polarization parameter, and when accessing the network device based on the connection response, the terminal device determines, based on the information about the first polarization parameter included in the connection response, whether the terminal device is qualified to access the network device. A dimension, namely, a polarization parameter, is introduced into a random access procedure, so that a preamble capacity is increased, a problem that the network device cannot identify a colliding terminal device is alleviated, and efficiency of establishing a communication connection between the terminal device and the network device is improved.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided, and relate to the field of wireless communication technologies, to resolve a problem in a conventional technology that communication quality during communication between a satellite and a communication apparatus cannot be ensured, and to ensure security of high-accuracy location information of the satellite. In the method, the communication apparatus may perform random access to the satellite based on first location information. The communication apparatus may perform uplink communication with the satellite based on obtained second location information. Accuracy of a location obtained based on the second location information is higher than accuracy of a location obtained based on the first location information. Based on this solution, required accuracy of location information of the satellite is different.

Abstract: This application provides a method for communicating a modulation and coding scheme (MCS). A terminal device obtains a modulation order, a code rate, or a spectral efficiency, determines an index of a reference MCS from a mapping table based on the obtained modulation order, code rate, or spectral efficiency, and reports the index of the reference MCS to a network device. The mapping table includes one or more mapping relationships between an MCS index and a modulation order, a code rate, or a spectral efficiency. The terminal device may process uplink or downlink data based on the determined MCS, thereby improving data transmission reliability.

Abstract: A channel encoding method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining A to-be-encoded information bits; mapping the A to-be-encoded information bits and L CRC bits to a first bit sequence based on an interleaving sequence, where the L CRC bits are obtained based on the A to-be-encoded information bits and a CRC polynomial, the interleaving sequence is obtained from a prestored interleaving sequence table or is obtained based on a maximum-length interleaving sequence, A+L is less than or equal to Kmax, and Kmax is a length of the maximum-length interleaving sequence; and encoding the first bit sequence. In this way, not only an encoding delay can be reduced, but also decoding has an early stop capability, so that decoding can end in advance, thereby reducing a decoding delay.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for updating a timing offset, and is particularly applicable to an NTN network such as satellite communication. The terminal side method includes: A terminal receives a timing offset difference ?Koffset, and updates a timing offset based on the ?Koffset to obtain an updated timing offset. The network side method includes: A network device determines a timing offset difference ?Koffset, and sends the ?Koffset to a terminal device, wherein the ?Koffset is used for the terminal device to update a timing offset.

Abstract: This application provides a satellite communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A terminal device receives first indication information. The first indication information indicates a validity duration of first parameter information. The first parameter information includes at least one of the following information: a first timing advance, parameter information of the first timing advance, a first frequency offset pre-compensation, or parameter information of the first frequency offset pre-compensation. The terminal device performs uplink communication with a satellite in the validity duration based on the first parameter information. The terminal device can obtain, by receiving the first indication information, a validity duration of parameter information such as the first timing advance, the parameter information of the first timing advance, the first frequency offset pre-compensation, or the parameter information of the first frequency offset pre-compensation.

Abstract: This application provides a method for determining a time-domain resource used for grant-free transmission. The method includes: obtaining, by a terminal device, a first time-domain period and a second time-domain period of grant-free transmission resources, where a size of the first time-domain period is P1 time units, a size of the second time-domain period is P2 time units, and P1 is greater than or equal to P2; obtaining, by the terminal device, a quantity k of grant-free transmission resources in the first time-domain period; and determining, by the terminal device based on the first time-domain period, the second time-domain period, and the quantity k of grant-free transmission resources in the first time-domain period, an index of a time unit in which a grant-free transmission resource used for grant-free transmission is located. In this way, grant-free transmission resources configured for the terminal device in two adjacent periods do not overlap.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and discloses a polar coding/decoding method and apparatus, to improve sequence lookup efficiency. The method includes: obtaining a first sequence from a polar code construction sequence table based on a coding parameter, where the polar code construction sequence table includes at least one coding parameter and at least one sequence corresponding to the at least one coding parameter, the at least one coding parameter is mapped to the at least one sequence in a one-to-one manner, the first sequence is one of the at least one sequence; selecting serial numbers of K polarized channels from the first sequence based on a rate matching scheme and/or a reliability order; placing to-be-coded bits based on the selected serial numbers of the K polarized channels; and performing polar coding, to obtain a coded bit sequence.

Abstract: A channel encoding method and apparatus. The method includes: obtaining A to-be-encoded information bits; mapping the A to-be-encoded information bits and L CRC bits to a first bit sequence based on an interleaving sequence, where the L CRC bits are obtained based on the A to-be-encoded information bits and a CRC polynomial, the interleaving sequence is obtained from a prestored interleaving sequence table or is obtained based on a maximum-length interleaving sequence, A+L is less than or equal to Kmax, and Kmax is a length of the maximum-length interleaving sequence; and encoding the first bit sequence. In this way, not only an encoding delay can be reduced, but also decoding has an early stop capability, so that decoding can end in advance, thereby reducing a decoding delay.

Abstract: A terahertz sensing system and a terahertz sensing array are provided. The terahertz sensing array includes N sensing unit groups arranged in an array form, and each of the N sensing unit groups includes M reconfigurable sensing units. Each of the M reconfigurable sensing units can detect one type of terahertz wave physical characteristic parameter, and the type of the terahertz wave physical characteristic parameter that can be detected by the reconfigurable sensing unit may vary based on a detection configuration, where N and M are positive integers greater than 1.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method for coding in a wireless communication network. A communication device interleave a first bit sequence to obtain a first interleaved sequence having sequence number starting with a sequence number of 0, wherein the first bit sequence comprises bits for indicating timing, wherein the bits for indicating timing comprises a set of bits for indicating synchronization signal block index (SSBI); wherein the set of bits for indicating SSBI are placed in positions indicated by sequence numbers of 2, 3 and 5 in the first interleaved sequence. The devices add d first CRC bits on the first interleaved sequence to obtain a second bit sequence, interleave on the second bit sequence according to an interleave pattern to obtain a second interleaved sequence, and polar encode the second interleaved sequence to obtain the encoded sequence.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to power control methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a first uplink transmit power for a terminal device communicating with a source network device is adjusted, based on a first parameter, to obtain a second uplink transmit power, where the second uplink transmit power is used to communicate with a target network device in a handover process.

Abstract: A data processing method and a data processing apparatus are provided to reduce a bit error rate of a wireless communications system and improve transmission performance of the wireless communications system. The method includes: mapping L to-be-sent bits to L bit locations included in at least one modulation symbol, where the L to-be-sent bits include at least one bit field, a bit in a bit field having a high priority is preferentially mapped to a bit location that is of the at least one modulation symbol and that has a high reliability level, the at least one bit field is at least one of an information bit field, a first parity bit field, and a second parity bit field; and outputting the at least one modulation symbol.

Abstract: Example neighboring cell relationship configuration methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes: generating a neighboring cell status function identifier by a satellite, where the neighboring cell status function identifier can be used to indicate an inactive state of at least one neighboring cell of a satellite cell. The satellite sends neighboring cell relationship configuration information that includes the neighboring cell status function identifier to a communications device, and the communications device determines a configuration status of a corresponding neighboring cell based on the neighboring cell relationship configuration information.

Abstract: The application provides a channel encoding method, an encoding apparatus, and a system. A bit sequence X1N is output by using X1N=D1NFN, where D1N is a bit sequence obtained after an input bit sequence u1N is encoded based on locations of K to-be-encoded information bits in an encoding diagram that has a mother code length of N, u1N is a bit sequence obtained based on the K to-be-encoded information bits, and FN is a Kronecker product of log2 N matrices F2. A design considers that the locations of the K to-be-encoded information bits in the encoding diagram that has a mother code length of N include a row location index set H of the information bits in the encoding diagram and a layer location index set M of the information bits in the encoding diagram, where 0?H?N, and 0<M?logm N?1.

Abstract: This application discloses an uplink power control method and an apparatus that are applicable to a non-terrestrial network. The uplink power control method includes: A ground terminal device receives uplink power control information that includes power adjustment information, where the power adjustment information is used to compensate for a power deviation caused by a transmission delay of a satellite communication link; and then, the terminal device determines uplink transmit power based on the uplink power control information, and transmits a signal based on the power. This method is easy to implement. An existing mechanism is adaptively adjusted based on a feature of a satellite link to meet an actual transmit power requirement of the terminal device in this scenario.

Abstract: The application provides method for communicating channel state information (CSI) in a communication network. The method is as follows: An apparatus determines whether a length of CSI is less than a preset length; and adds a padding bit to the CSI when determining that the length of the CSI is less than the preset length, where a length of CSI obtained by adding the padding bit is consistent with the predetermined length. The CSI obtained by adding the padding bit is communicated in the communication network.