Abstract: An octo mode program and erase operation method to reduce test time in a non-volatile memory device. M/8 word lines corresponding to an octo row, among M word lines, are simultaneously selected, and a write voltage is applied to memory cells connected to M/8 word lines corresponding to the octo row. A voltage that is different from the write voltage is applied to memory cells connected to the rest of word lines, except for M/8 word lines corresponding to the octo row, when the octo signal is applied to an address decoder.

Abstract: Provided are a process for preparing a flame retardant, a flame retardant obtained by the process and use of the flame retardant in a polymer composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a video decoding method and apparatus and a video encoding method and apparatus. Encoding and decoding of a target block are performed using intra-prediction. The intra-prediction is intra-prediction that uses bidirectional intra-prediction and a remaining mode. In bidirectional intra-prediction, a prediction value for a target pixel in the target block is determined based on reference pixels in two directions of bidirectional intra-prediction. In intra-prediction using a remaining mode, the remaining mode indicates remaining intra-prediction modes other than MPMs present in an MPM list.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electric precipitator which adsorbs and filters fine dust included in air from air conditioning apparatuses such as an air conditioner or an air purification apparatus, wherein an electric charging part and a precipitating part to which high voltage is applied do not adversely affect each other and may increase precipitation efficiency.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens which has refractive power, a second lens which has refractive power, a third lens which has a convex object-side surface, and an inflection point is formed on an image-side surface thereof, a fourth lens which has refractive power, a fifth lens which has a convex object-side surface, and a sixth lens which has refractive power and an inflection point is formed on an image-side surface thereof, and wherein the first to sixth lens are sequentially disposed from an object side.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multifunctional climbing operation platform and an operation method thereof. The multifunctional climbing operation platform includes a main machine, clamping devices, a bolt retightening device, and an auxiliary sleeve replacement box, wherein the clamping devices each include: a fixed seat; and a pair of claw bars swingably arranged on the fixed seat and each including a rear bar body and a front bar body hinged together, wherein when the pair of claw bars are opened, an inner angle between the rear bar body and the front bar body is greater than 180°, the main machine and the clamping devices can climb along an object to be climbed, the bolt retightening device can replace different sleeves from the auxiliary sleeve replacement box, and can screw a bolt on the object. The present disclosure has the advantages of a large avoidance range and diverse functions.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a display and a supporter. The supporter being mounted on the display and configured to support the display and rotate the display module between a first position and a second position. The supporter including a drive motor, a first gear, and a detection sensor. The drive motor configured to supply a driving force to rotate the display. The first gear configured to rotate together with the display by receiving the driving force from the drive motor. The detection sensor configured to detect a rotation amount of a second gear configured to rotate in with the first gear.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens sequentially disposed in numerical order along an optical axis of the optical imaging system from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging plane of the optical imaging system, wherein the first to seventh lenses are spaced apart from each other along the optical axis, and the optical imaging system satisfies 0.4<L1TR/L7TR<1.9, where L1TR is an overall outer diameter of the first lens, L7TR is an overall outer diameter of the seventh lens, and L1TR and L7TR are expressed in a same unit of measurement.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a housing that forms an exterior of the aerosol generating device, and includes an opening into which a cigarette is inserted, a heater that generates an aerosol by heating the cigarette, a battery that supplies power to the heater, a temperature sensor that senses a temperature of an internal component of the aerosol generating device, and a controller that prevents abnormal operation of the aerosol generating device based on the temperature of the internal component sensed by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: Examples of the present disclosure relate generally to a printing apparatus and, more particularly, to apparatuses, systems, and methods for printing utilizing laser print head and reactive media.

Abstract: An electrode assembly manufacturing method includes the steps of: assembling an electrode stack; performing a primary heat press operation on the electrode stack; then performing a pre-heating operation on the electrode stack; and then performing a secondary heat press operation on the electrode stack. The pre-heating operation may include applying heat and pressure to the electrode stack for a time period from 10 seconds to 40 seconds under a pressure condition from 0.5 MPa to 2 MPa and under a temperature condition from 50° C. to 85° C. The pressure condition applied in the pre-heating operation may include applying a lower pressure than that applied in the primary and secondary heat press operations. The primary heat press operation may include engaging the electrode stack with a gripper to secure a position of the electrode stack, which gripper may be disengaged from the electrode stack before performing the pre-heating operation.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display area and a non-display area; a first pixel area and a second pixel area, each provided in the display area; scan lines extending in a first direction and disposed in the first pixel area and the second pixel area; first sub-scan lines extending in a second direction and disposed in the first pixel area, the second direction intersecting the first direction; second sub-scan lines extending in the second direction and disposed in the first pixel area and the second pixel area; and a pad part provided in the non-display area, the pad part being electrically connected to the first sub-scan lines and the second sub-scan lines. The scan lines are electrically connected to at least one of the first sub-scan lines and the second sub-scan lines. The first sub-scan lines do not overlap the second pixel area in a plan view.

Abstract: An embodiment vehicle body includes a drive vehicle body module configured to accommodate a driving part of a vehicle and including a first plurality of frames coupled together and fastening units provided at an upper end of the drive vehicle body module and an upper vehicle body module including a second plurality of frames coupled together, wherein a lower end of the upper vehicle body module is fastened to the fastening units of the drive vehicle body module to define an interior usage space of the vehicle.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes an optical system including at least six lenses, sequentially disposed from an object side toward an image side, an image sensor configured to convert light incident through the optical system into an electronic signal, and a variable stop configured to change an incident hole diameter and disposed toward the object side of a lens of the optical system closest to the object side, wherein TTL is a distance to an imaging plane of the image sensor from an object-side surface of the lens closest to the object side and 4.7 mm<TTL<6.00 mm, and wherein Ri is a radius of curvature of an object-side surface of a lens of the optical system second closest to the image sensor, Rj is a radius of curvature of an image-side surface of the lens that is second closest to the image sensor, and ?0.5<(|Ri|?|Rj|)/(|Ri|+|Rj|)<0.5.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens sequentially disposed in ascending numerical order along an optical axis of the optical imaging system from an object side of the optical imaging system toward an imaging surface of an image sensor, wherein a conditional expression f/f2+f/f3<?0.4 is satisfied, where f is a focal length of the optical imaging system, f2 is a focal length of the second lens, and f3 is a focal length of the third lens, and a conditional expression TTL/(2*IMG HT)<0.69 is satisfied, where TTL is a distance along the optical axis from an object-side surface of the first lens to the imaging surface of the image sensor, and IMG HT is one-half of a diagonal length of the imaging surface of the image sensor.

Abstract: This invention discloses a pneumatic and cable-driven hybrid artificial muscle, comprising pneumatic actuator, pneumatic pressure regulating assembly, and cable drive assembly. The pneumatic pressure regulating assembly is connected to the pneumatic actuator to regulate air pressure in the pneumatic actuator for controlling the pneumatic actuator to extend or contract. The cable actuation assembly comprises a cable fixedly connected to the pneumatic actuator for controlling the pneumatic actuator to contract. In this invention, the artificial muscle employs a dual pneumatic and cable actuation mechanism. By leveraging the inherent stiffness of the pneumatic actuator, it can provide substantial actuation force for joint movement. Simultaneously, the cable actuation assembly can provide significant pulling force, effectively ensuring safety in human-machine interaction and offering sufficient bidirectional aiding force to individuals with disabilities who use the artificial muscle as an aiding actuation device.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating biological information may include a sensor configured to detect a first light signal and a second light signal from an object of a user and a processor configured to determine whether a condition for estimating biological information is satisfied based on the detected first light signal and estimate biological information based on the second light signal, wherein the sensor includes a force sensor configured to measure a force applied to the object when the object is in contact with a cover surface of the sensor.

Abstract: A bilayer photonic crystal photoswitch thin-film device having the optical characteristics of both 2D and 3D photonic crystals, and a preparation method thereof are provided. When the bilayer photonic crystal photoswitch thin-film device is rotated periodically, different colors can be observed at a fixed rotation angle, that is, the device has the attribute of changing colors by means of rotation, and can thus realize the opening and closing of an optical path. The bilayer photonic crystal photoswitch thin-film new device has broad application prospects in the fields of photoswitches, optical waveguides, optical prisms, warming signs, anti-counterfeiting and information coding, etc.