Abstract: Disclosed is a method of providing additional content in a digital broadcast reception apparatus, the method including receiving a locator of additional content from a broadcast server while a user watches a broadcast program, receiving an instruction to insert the additional content from the broadcast server, receiving and reproducing the additional content from a content providing server designated by the locator, and switching back to the broadcast program. Thus, it is not necessary to allocate a separate channel and/or to switch channels for providing additional content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Rhizobium sp. KB10 strain having properties of promoting growth of Botryococcus braunii, which is an alga capable of producing biodiesel, and also enhancing production performance of biodiesel. Mores specifically, it relates to novel Rhizobium sp. KB10 strain which has properties of promoting growth of Botryococcus braunii used for biodiesel production and also enhancing content of C18 (i.e., oleate) corresponding to high quality biodiesel component as much as 900%. By using root colonizing bacteria like Rhizobium, it is possible to promote effectively the slow cell growth of Botryococcus braunii and increase as much as possible the oleate amount, which is a high quality biodiesel component. Further, by carrying out mixture culture using such bacteria, problems associated with contamination by other microorganisms during a process of producing biodiesel by culture in an outside environment can be dramatically solved.

Abstract: A 3D-capable image display device includes: a display panel having a plurality of pixels and a plurality of data lines; a gamma reference voltages generator for generating a plurality of gamma reference voltages including positive gamma reference voltages and negative gamma reference voltages; a data lines driver for converting an image signal into corresponding data line drive voltages based on the plurality of gamma reference voltages; and a signal controller operating according to a mode selection signal including information for selecting one of different 3D driving methods, wherein when a gap between the positive gamma reference voltages and the negative gamma reference voltages is referred to as a black gap, and size of the black gap is variable based on the selected 3D driving method.

Abstract: A method of driving a display panel includes sequentially driving a first gate line and a second gate line of a display panel during an N-th frame to charge data signals to first row pixels electrically connected to the first gate line and the second gate line, sequentially driving a third gate line and a fourth gate line of the display panel during the N-th frame to charge the data signals to second row pixels electrically connected to the third gate line and the fourth gate line, sequentially driving the second gate line and the first gate line during an (N+1)-th frame to charge the data signals to the first row pixels, and sequentially driving the fourth gate line and the third gate line during the (N+1)-th frame to charge the data signals to the second row pixels. Thus, display quality of a display apparatus may be improved.

Abstract: A method for driving a touch sensor controller is provided. The method includes receiving touch data from a touch sensor panel and performing interpolation on the received touch data using characterization parameters according to a size and location of a conductor to increase a number of touch data points.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide for handover in a long term evolution (LTE) communication network. A LTE macrocell base station may receive a measurement report from user equipment while providing a communication service to the user equipment located within a service area of the LTE macrocell base station, and determine whether or not the neighbor cell is a LTE macrocell or a LTE femtocell based on the measurement report. The LTE macrocell base station may initiate hand-over of the user equipment to a neighbor WCDMA macrocell base station when the neighbor cell is determined as the LTE femtocell.

Abstract: Provided is a hard film for a cutting tool formed on a surface of a base material, the hard film being comprised of a nano multi-layered structure formed by sequentially stacking a thin layer A, a thin layer B, a thin layer C and a thin layer D or being comprised of a structure formed by repeatedly stacking the nano multi-layered structure at least twice, wherein the thin layer A is comprised of TixAl1-xN (0.5?x?1.7); the thin layer B is comprised of Al1-y-zTiyMezN (0.4?y?0.7, 0<z?0.1 where Me is at least one of Si, Cr, and Nb); the thin layer C is comprised of AlaTi1-aN (0.5?a?0.7); and the thin layer D is comprised of AlbCr1-bN (0.5?b?0.7).

Abstract: Provided is a hard film formed on a surface of a base material, the hard film being comprised of a nano multi-layered structure formed by stacking a thin layer A, a thin layer B a thin layer C in order of thin layers A-B-A-C from the base material or being comprised of a structure formed by repeatedly stacking the nano multi-layered structure at least twice, wherein the thin layer A is comprised of Ti1-xAlxN (0.3?x?0.7); the thin layer B is comprised of Al1-yCryN (0.3?y?0.7); and the thin layer C is comprised of MeN (where Me is any one of Nb, V, and Cr).

Abstract: Provided is a hard film for a cutting tool formed on a surface of a base material, the hard film being comprised of a nano multi-layered structure comprising a thin layer A, a thin layer B, a thin layer C and a thin layer D or a structure in which the nano multi-layered structure is repeatedly stacked at least twice, wherein the thin layer A is comprised of Ti1-xAlxN (0.5?x?0.7); the thin layer B is comprised of Al1-y-zTiyCrzN (0.3?y?0.6 and 0<z?0.3); the thin layer B is comprised of MeN (where Me is Nb or V); and the thin layer D is comprised of Al1-a-bTiaSibN (0.3?a?0.7 and 0<b<0.1).

Abstract: Provided are a new microalgae strain and a use thereof, and more particularly, Ettlia sp. YC001 (KCTC 12109BP) having high carbon dioxide fixability, lipid productivity and carotenoid productivity, and a use thereof. The strain may be used for producing high quality biodiesel by controlling a lipid content and a composition ratio of a fatty acid according to culture conditions and/or culture time, and may be easily used for industrial uses, for examples, cosmetics, health foods, and medicines since large amounts of carotenoid and pigments are accumulated in cells.

Abstract: A method for driving a nonvolatile memory apparatus includes: a data storage preparation step of setting a write control voltage to a first level of voltage; a data storage step of driving a driving transistor through the write control voltage to generate a write current, and storing an external data in a memory cell through the write current; a data detection step of varying the write control voltage by a predetermined level from a preset voltage level, and reading the data stored in the memory cell; and a data verification step of determining whether the stored data coincides with the external data or not, and repeating the data storage step and the data detection step according to a result of the determining.

Abstract: A method for measuring a write current of a semiconductor memory device includes the steps of: programming initial data into memory cells which are to be programmed substantially at the same time; determining whether the memory cells are programmed into the same state or not; inputting test data when the memory cells are programmed into the same state; setting write current paths of the memory cells by comparing the initial data and the test data; and measuring a write current consumed when the test data are programmed into the memory cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carrier for manufacturing a printed circuit board, which includes a first carrier including a first binder having a first opening and a first metal layer formed in the first opening of the first binder, and a second carrier, stacked with the first carrier and including a second binder having a second opening and a second metal layer which is formed in the second opening of the second binder and which partially overlaps with the first metal layer, so that the carrier is simply configured and the binders are formed not only on the lateral surfaces of the metal layers but also on the upper surfaces thereof, thus improving the reliability of bonding of the carrier at the periphery. A method of manufacturing the carrier and a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board using the carrier are also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a method of producing biodiesel without drying and lipid component extraction steps in an alcohol-rich condition. Also, there is provided a method of effectively producing biodiesel without a catalyst under optimal conditions for transesterification. Production cost and time are reduced by reducing the number of processes, and biodiesel yield is increased.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method for controlling handover to prevent femtocell interference. The apparatus may include an event receiving module, a handover determining module, and an inter-frequency processing module. The event receiving module may be configured to receive a control message from user equipment. The handover determining module may be configured to analyze the received control message and determine whether the control message includes a request of inter-cell handover from a first cell base station of the first cell to a second cell base station of one of the second cells. The inter-frequency processing module may be configured to perform inter-frequency handover using an unshared frequency when the handover determining module determines that the control message includes the request of inter-cell handover.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory apparatus includes a memory cell configured to receive a first current and a second current through a bit line which is connected to a sensing node; a sensing node level control unit configured to be driven in response to a control signal, compare a reference voltage and a voltage of the sensing node, and output a driving signal to a driving node; a first current driving unit configured to output the first current to the driving node by using a first driving voltage in response to the driving signal; and a current control unit configured to perform a discharge operation of the bit line or electrically connect the driving node and the sensing node, in response to the control signal.

Abstract: A variable resistance memory device includes memory cells arranged at a region where word lines and bit lines cross each other, control logic configured to generate a command flag indicative of a program operation mode in response to a program command provided from an external device and configured to control the program operation of the memory cells based on the command flag and a write driver configured to be activated in response to the flag command and configured to supply a program current to the memory cells.

Abstract: A program pulse generation circuit includes: a set pulse generator configured to apply a set pulse to an output node in response to a driving signal, a set pulse control signal, and a first switching signal, and a current controller configured to control step reductions forming the set pulse in response to the driving signal and a second switching signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for storing a broadcast program are provided. The apparatus includes: a signal processing unit which generates an audio/video (A/V) file, an application file, and a first electronic program guide (EPG) file by appropriately processing a plurality of A/V signals, application information, and EPG information, respectively, which are included in an input broadcast program transport stream; a synchronization unit which receives the A/V file, the application file, and the first EPG file from the signal processing unit, generates storage information for the A/V file and storage information for the application file, and converts the first EPG file into a second EPG file comprising the storage information for the A/V file and the storage information for the application file; and a storage unit which stores the A/V file, the application file, and the second EPG file.