Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method for setting a cyclic prefix length according to a type of a base station. The apparatus may include a memory, a receiver, a selector, and an inserter. The receiver may be configured to store and to manage a plurality of prefix lengths associated with base station types. The receiver may be configured to receive base station information from a base station. The selector may be configured to select a prefix length from the plurality of prefix length based on the received base station information. The inserter may be configured to insert a cyclic prefix having the determined prefix length in a guard interval of a transmission frame.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory apparatus includes a memory cell configured to receive a first current and a second current through a bit line which is connected to a sensing node; a sensing node level control unit configured to be driven in response to a control signal, compare a reference voltage and a voltage of the sensing node, and output a driving signal to a driving node; a first current driving unit configured to output the first current to the driving node by using a first driving voltage in response to the driving signal; and a current control unit configured to perform a discharge operation of the bit line or electrically connect the driving node and the sensing node, in response to the control signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for storing a broadcast program are provided. The apparatus includes: a signal processing unit which generates an audio/video (A/V) file, an application file, and a first electronic program guide (EPG) file by appropriately processing a plurality of A/V signals, application information, and EPG information, respectively, which are included in an input broadcast program transport stream; a synchronization unit which receives the A/V file, the application file, and the first EPG file from the signal processing unit, generates storage information for the A/V file and storage information for the application file, and converts the first EPG file into a second EPG file comprising the storage information for the A/V file and the storage information for the application file; and a storage unit which stores the A/V file, the application file, and the second EPG file.

Abstract: A clock control device and method are provided. The clock control device includes a stable time controller which receives an operational condition and generates an expiration counting value based on the operational condition; a stable time counter which receives the expiration counting value and activates a clock gating enable signal after a count value of the stable time counter is equal to the expiration counting value; a clock gating cell which transmits a clock signal after receiving the clock gating enable signal; and an oscillator which generates an oscillator clock signal and transmits the oscillator clock signal to the clock gating cell and the stable time counter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Rhizobium sp. KB10 strain having properties of promoting growth of Botryococcus braunii, which is an alga capable of producing biodiesel, and also enhancing production performance of biodiesel. Mores specifically, it relates to novel Rhizobium sp. KB10 strain which has properties of promoting growth of Botryococcus braunii used for biodiesel production and also enhancing content of C18 (i.e., oleate) corresponding to high quality biodiesel component as much as 900%. By using root colonizing bacteria like Rhizobium, it is possible to promote effectively the slow cell growth of Botryococcus braunii and increase as much as possible the oleate amount, which is a high quality biodiesel component. Further, by carrying out mixture culture using such bacteria, problems associated with contamination by other microorganisms during a process of producing biodiesel by culture in an outside environment can be dramatically solved.

Abstract: A method for measuring a write current of a semiconductor memory device includes the steps of: programming initial data into memory cells which are to be programmed substantially at the same time; determining whether the memory cells are programmed into the same state or not; inputting test data when the memory cells are programmed into the same state; setting write current paths of the memory cells by comparing the initial data and the test data; and measuring a write current consumed when the test data are programmed into the memory cells.

Abstract: A method for driving a nonvolatile memory apparatus includes: a data storage preparation step of setting a write control voltage to a first level of voltage; a data storage step of driving a driving transistor through the write control voltage to generate a write current, and storing an external data in a memory cell through the write current; a data detection step of varying the write control voltage by a predetermined level from a preset voltage level, and reading the data stored in the memory cell; and a data verification step of determining whether the stored data coincides with the external data or not, and repeating the data storage step and the data detection step according to a result of the determining.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carrier for manufacturing a printed circuit board, which includes a first carrier including a first binder having a first opening and a first metal layer formed in the first opening of the first binder, and a second carrier, stacked with the first carrier and including a second binder having a second opening and a second metal layer which is formed in the second opening of the second binder and which partially overlaps with the first metal layer, so that the carrier is simply configured and the binders are formed not only on the lateral surfaces of the metal layers but also on the upper surfaces thereof, thus improving the reliability of bonding of the carrier at the periphery. A method of manufacturing the carrier and a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board using the carrier are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a noninvasive medical pulsimeter sensor using a hall device. By forming a pulse-sensing part array with a hall device as a magnetic sensor, over the skin-contacting part which consists of a magnetic material, the present invention increases the integrity of sensors, enables to understand the spatial characteristics of the pulse which cannot be determined by the conventional pressure sensors, minimize the time for searching the pulse, and is applicable widely to portable pulsimeters and the likes.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and an information recording medium for storing and reproducing an interactive service capable of efficiently storing and processing interactive signaling information are provided. The information recording medium has recorded thereon interactive signaling information of a digital broadcast and includes a first region storing information on a time when the interactive signaling information occurs, a second region storing a type of the interactive signaling information and identification information; and a third region storing signaling items of the interactive signaling information. In the method and apparatus, filtering and monitoring using hardware or software to acquire interactive signaling information on a service stream for reproducing an interactive service is unnecessary because the signaling information is separately stored.

Abstract: The disclosure is related tracking area management in a femtocell network. A mobility management entity may receive, from a femtocell base station, macrocell tracking area information associated with the femtocell base station. The mobility management entity may combine the received macrocell tracking area information with femtocell tracking area information associated with the femtocell base station and storing the combined tracking area information as integrated tracking area information.

Abstract: A variable resistance memory device includes memory cells arranged at a region where word lines and bit lines cross each other, control logic configured to generate a command flag indicative of a program operation mode in response to a program command provided from an external device and configured to control the program operation of the memory cells based on the command flag and a write driver configured to be activated in response to the flag command and configured to supply a program current to the memory cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are a calibration device, a calibration system and a calibration method. The calibration device includes a camera configured to capture image information, a laser sensor configured to capture image information, a laser sensor configured to detect distance information, and a calibration module configured to perform a calibration of the camera and the laser sensor by obtaining a relation between the image information and the distance information, wherein the calibration module includes a plane member disposed to intersect a scanning surface of the laser sensor such that an intersection line is generated, and disposed within a capturing range by the camera so as to be captured by the camera, and a controller configured to perform coordinate conversions with respect to the image information and the distance information based on a ratio between one side of the plane member and the intersection line, and based on a plane member image included in the image information.

Abstract: A display controller is provided. The display controller includes an external memory and a timing controller which compresses current frame data to generate front first in-first out (FIFO) input data, temporarily stores the front FIFO input data and writes the front FIFO input data to the external memory in a burst mode, and reads data from the external memory in the burst mode, temporarily stores the read data as back FIFO output data, and decodes the back FIFO output data to output previous frame data.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carrier for manufacturing a printed circuit board, which includes a first carrier including a first binder having a first opening and a first metal layer formed in the first opening of the first binder, and a second carrier, stacked with the first carrier and including a second binder having a second opening and a second metal layer which is formed in the second opening of the second binder and which partially overlaps with the first metal layer, so that the carrier is simply configured and the binders are formed not only on the lateral surfaces of the metal layers but also on the upper surfaces thereof, thus improving the reliability of bonding of the carrier at the periphery. A method of manufacturing the carrier and a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board using the carrier are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a carrier for manufacturing a substrate, including: a base plate; adhesive layers formed on one side or both sides of the base plate; auxiliary adhesive layers, each of which is buried in one side of each of the adhesive layers, has a smaller area than each of the adhesive layers and has lower adhesivity than each of the adhesive layers; and metal layers, each of which is formed on one side of each of the auxiliary adhesive layers, whose edges are attached to the adhesive layers, and whose other portions excluding the edges are attached to the auxiliary adhesive layers. The carrier is advantageous in that a metal layer and an auxiliary adhesive layer are attached to each other by the adhesivity of the auxiliary adhesive layer, so that it is not required to use vacuum adsorption, with the result that a process of manufacturing a substrate can be performed more stably.

Abstract: A spray device mounted on a non-motor vehicle (T-car) selected from among commercial or novel electric vehicles so as to improve air quality inside a tunnel by spraying water during operation, collecting pollutants floating inside a subway tunnel, and collecting and sinking fine dust generated by means of the operation of a train onto the road. The spray device is mounted on a lower portion of the non-motorized vehicle (T-car) from among commercial or new electromotive cars, pressurized water is supplied to a distribution pipe on a discharging side by means of a pressurizing motor and a pump, and a jet is sprayed through a spray nozzle coupled to the distribution pipe. Also, it is possible to automatically spray a jet onto a rail surface while a train moves on a ground-level railway using a sensor and a control board.

Abstract: An array substrate for a display device and its fabrication method are disclosed. The array substrate for a display device includes: a gate wiring and a gate electrode connected to the wiring formed on a substrate; a gate insulating layer formed on the gate electrode; an active layer and a barrier metal layer stacked with the gate insulating layer interposed therebetween on the gate electrode; a data wiring formed on the barrier metal layer and source and electrodes connected to the data wiring; a passivation film formed on the source and drain electrodes and the data wiring and having a contact hole exposing a portion of the drain electrode, the barrier metal layer and the active layer; and a pixel electrode formed on the passivation film and being in contact with the drain electrode and the barrier metal layer including the active layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recovering lost voice packets are provided, in which a packet loss detector determines whether a received packet has been lost, packet information storage stores voice information of previous voice packets and voice information of the received voice packet, a packet error corrector measures the voice information of the received voice packet, stores the measured voice information in the packet information storage, corrects the voice information when necessary, and generates a corrected voice packet, if the received voice packet is normal, and a packet loss recoverer recovers the voice information of the received voice packet using the voice information of previous voice packets stored in the packet information storage and generates a recovered voice packet, if the received voice packet has been lost.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multi-layer hard film for an indexable insert. The multi-layer hard film for the indexable insert provided by the present invention is formed by sequentially depositing a base layer, an intermediate layer and a top layer with different composition ratios and film structures individually on the indexable insert, thus minimizing a delamination and tool wear which may occur in high speed machining.