Abstract: To improve reliability of a liquid crystal display apparatus using an upper substrate, the upper substrate to be combined with a lower substrate includes a transparent electrode and a first spacer. The lower substrate includes a display region and a driving region surrounding the display region to provide a drive signal to the display region. A liquid crystal layer is interposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The first spacer is formed on the transparent electrode corresponding to the driving region to protect the driving region. The first spacer is disposed such that a rubbing having a rubbing direction of the upper substrate does not end at the first spacer. Thus, a corner white phenomenon that is caused by impurities stacked at a side portion of the first spacer may be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for automatic gain control (AGC) before an initial synchronization of a mobile station modem in OFDM system, and an apparatus thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of providing a call service using a prepaid card in a portable terminal is provided. The prepaid card is photographed according to a predetermined prepaid card capturing mode operation, and a unique prepaid card number is recognized from the photographed image and stored. A phone number is received and the prepaid card number and the phone number are dialed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rule set partitioning based packet classification method for Internet.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a back cover and a support. The back cover defines a first contact area. The support is pivoted to the back cover by a pivot shaft, defines a second contact area contacting the first contact area. A plurality of positioning holes are defined in and disposed on the second contact area around the pivot shaft. The electronic device further comprises at least one retractable spring balls projected from the first contact area of the back cover. The spring balls are configured for cooperating with the positioning holes of the support. The support can stay at a variety of positions.

Abstract: Lithium secondary batteries having polymer electrolytes are provided. A lithium battery includes a positive electrode including a positive active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, a negative electrode including a negative active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium ions, and a polymer electrolyte. The polymer electrolyte includes a polymer, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and a lithium salt. The polymer electrolyte has a shear strength relative to the positive electrode of about 0.7 N/mm or greater.

Abstract: Systems and methods that facilitate improved programming memory cells in a nonvolatile memory (e.g., flash memory) are presented. An optimized voltage component can facilitate supplying respective voltages to a source, drain, and gate associated with a memory cell during operations, such as programming operations. The optimized voltage component can facilitate supplying a predetermined source bitline voltage to a memory cell during programming of the cell to facilitate reducing leakage currents associated with the bitlines, which can improve programming of the memory cell, and to facilitate reducing the programming current, which can result in power efficient programming and improved programming speed.

Abstract: A paging apparatus and method in a mobile communication system providing an MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service). In the mobile communication system, to page a UE for a first service through a primary carrier during a second service in progress through a secondary carrier, a PICH (Paging Indication Channel) transmitter in a Node B transmits paging indication information to the UE through the primary carrier by oscillating the primary carrier as a transmission frequency. A PCH (Paging Channel) transmitter transmits paging information to the UE through the primary carrier or the secondary carrier by oscillating the primary carrier or the secondary carrier as the transmission frequency under a predetermined control. A PBMSCH (Physical Broadcast Multicast Shared Channel) transmitter transmits data of the second service through the secondary carrier by oscillating the secondary carrier as the transmission frequency.

Abstract: An upright electrical connector for mounting on a PCB includes a bas portion, a first and second mating plate retained in the base portion, a number of first and second contacts held in the first and second mating plate, respectively, an inner shield mounted to the base portion to shield the first and second contacts and an outer shield mounted to the base portion to enclose the inner shield therein. The first and second mating plate includes a first and second tongue portion. The first and second contacts are supported in an inner surface of the first and second tongue portion. An arrangement of the first and a second tongue portions, the first and a second contacts, the inner shield and the outer shield are arranged to configured to a standard IEEE 1394B interface. The first and second tongue portion are perpendicular to the PCB.

Abstract: A method and system for allocating data bursts in a wireless communication system. The system has a frame set by a symbol interval axis and a frequency band axis. The frame includes a first region in which a MAP message is transmitted and a second region to which the data bursts are allocated. A third region based on a symbol interval and a frequency band is set in the second region. The data bursts are sequentially allocated to the third region from a first symbol interval along the frequency band axis.

Abstract: In a method for optimizing a codebook including a quantized channel between a base station transmitter and a portable terminal: a) select the codebook to be optimized; b) a steepest descent algorithm is applied to respective codewords of the codebook selected in a), wherein the codewords are transformed so that a correlation between the codewords is minimized, and a function indicating the correlation between the codewords is differentiated and is multiplied by a predetermined step size and is used for a parameter for generating a new codeword in the steepest descent algorithm; c) it is determined whether the codebook including the codewords transformed in b) is optimized; and d) the codebook is stored when it is determined in c) that the codebook is optimized.

Abstract: A heat dissipation device adapted for removing heat from LED modules of an LED lamp includes a plurality of heat sinks, a plurality of fin sets and a plurality of heat pipes extending through the fin sets and thermally connecting the heat sinks and the fin sets together. The heat sinks each have a base plate with a bottom surface which is kept in contact with corresponding LED modules and a plurality of fins arranged on a top surface of the base plate. Each of the fin sets consists of a plurality of flakes and defines a plurality of air passages between the flakes. Air can flow through the heat dissipation device from a place thereunder to a place thereabove via the air passages between the flakes of the fin sets.

Abstract: A method of forming a fin field effect transistor on a semiconductor substrate includes forming a fin-shaped active region vertically protruding from the substrate. An oxide layer is formed on a top surface and opposing sidewalls of the fin-shaped active region. An oxidation barrier layer is formed on the opposing sidewalls of the fin-shaped active region and is planarized to a height no greater than about a height of the oxide layer to form a fin structure. The fin structure is oxidized to form a capping oxide layer on the top surface of the fin-shaped active region and to form at least one curved sidewall portion proximate the top surface of the fin-shaped active region. The oxidation barrier layer has a height sufficient to reduce oxidation on the sidewalls of the fin-shaped active region about halfway between the top surface and a base of the fin-shaped active region. Related devices are also discussed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing purified extract from wild ginseng showing anticancer activity such as inhibitory of cancer cell adherence, inhibitory of cancer cell metastasis and immunostimulating effect and a composition comprising the same prepared by inventive method. The composition have potent anticancer activity, therefore, it can be used as the therapeutics for treating and preventing various cancer diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of and system for evaluating tactile sensations of car seat covers using an artificial neural network, in which mechanical and thermal/physiological characteristics of the seat covers is measured with a measuring system, the physical quantity of the measured characteristics is acquired, and then the acquired physical quantity is converted into the amount of tactile qualities which a person feels using a statistical recursive model, thereby quantitatively evaluating tactile sensations of sticky, soft, elastic, coolness to the touch, and thermal and humid in case of car seat covers made of leather, and tactile sensations of soft, elastic, voluminous, smooth, coolness to the touch, and thermal and humid in case of car seat covers made of cloth, as well as quantitatively evaluating tactile sensations of sporty and high-class of the leather and cloths using an artificial neural network model.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing time windowing to transmit a signal in a Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) communication system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). A signal of a first interval included in a previous symbol prior to a current symbol is stored as a signal of a previous symbol interval. The current symbol includes a guard interval and an effective symbol interval subsequent to the guard interval. The current symbol is windowed by overlapping the stored signal of the first interval with a signal of a second interval included in the current symbol subsequent to the previous symbol. A windowed signal is transmitted.

Abstract: A heat sink for cooling an electronic component includes a lower plate, an upper plate, an upper fin set and a lower fin set respectively fixed on the upper plate and the lower plate, and a plurality of heat pipes sandwiched between the upper plate and the lower plate. The lower plate forms a protrusion projecting downwardly therefrom. A bottom surface of the protrusion is milled to be flat and smooth, whereby the bottom surface can intimately contact the electronic component. A method for manufacturing the heat sink comprising milling a bottom surface of a protrusion punched downwardly from a lower plate, whereby the bottom surface can be flat and smooth sufficiently to have an intimate contact with an electronic component, and sequentially welding an upper plate on the lower plate and a plurality of fins on the lower plate and the upper plate, respectively.

Abstract: A light emission device according to the present invention includes a plurality of pixel circuits in a matrix. A plurality of first scan lines transmits a selection signal to select the pixel circuits. A plurality of second scan lines transmits an emission signal to control the duration of light emission of the pixel circuits. A scan driver sequentially delays a primary signal having a first-level pulse about a first period for generating a plurality of secondary signals, inverting the plurality of secondary signals for outputting the emission signal, and generating a signal having a second-level pulse when the secondary signal and the emission signal are in the first-level.

Abstract: Provided is a real-time business process triggering system (RBPTS) using a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and a method thereof. The RBPTS is to provides interface to a corporation information system by generating an RFID event proper to a specific domain by giving the RFID data a business meaning to apply the RFID data to a predetermined rule before transmitting the RFID data to the corporation information system, provide a rule modeling function to flexibly managing changes in application field and environment, and provide an RFID related-action related to rule performance, and a method thereof.