Abstract: Provided is a tunable diffraction grating apparatus including: a diffraction grating portion having a diffraction grating with an linearly variable grating interval, the diffraction grating being formed of an elastic member; a drive portion connected to the diffraction grating portion and applying a force to the diffraction grating portion to vary the grating interval; and a controller for controlling the drive portion to adjust the grating interval depending on a specific wavelength input from the exterior. Therefore, the tunable diffraction grating apparatus can vary a grating interval of a diffraction grating using an elastic material so that a signal of a frequency bandwidth of THz can also be used. In addition, it is possible to simplify structure of the apparatus to reduce the manufacturing cost thereof.

Abstract: A composition for a circuit connection film and a circuit connection film using the same, the composition including a binder resin including an acrylate modified urethane resin, a carboxyl modified acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, and an acrylic copolymer, the acrylic copolymer having an acid value of about 1 to about 100 mg KOH/g, a radical polymerizable compound including at least one of an isocyanurate acrylate compound and a compound having a (meth)acrylate group, and an organic peroxide.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery including: an electrode assembly that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween; a case to house the electrode assembly; a cap assembly that is coupled to an opening of the case and electrically connected with the electrode assembly; and an insulating member that is installed between the case and the electrode assembly. The insulating member includes a body disposed on the electrode assembly and a rib that extends from the body and contacts the case.

Abstract: View-upload decoupled (“VUD”) peer-to-peer (P2P) video distribution is provided, in which each peer is assigned to one or more channels to upload, with the assignments made independent of what the peer is viewing. For each assigned channel, the peer distributes (that is, uploads) the channel. This effectively creates semi-permanent distribution swarms for each channel, which are formed by peers responsible for uploading that channel. This can minimize problems associated with channel churn because peers may remain in their assigned distribution groups even if they switch channels. To minimize cross-channel overhead associated with VUD P2P video distribution, substream swarming, in which a peer in a distribution swarm only downloads a small portion of the video stream, called a substream, and uploads the substream to multiple viewers, may be provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes depositing material on a wafer in a process chamber to form a thin film on the wafer, a by-product layer being simultaneously formed on an inner part of the process chamber, monitoring a change in thickness or mass of the by-product layer on the inner part of the process chamber during a process in the process chamber by using a QCM installed in the process chamber, and determining an end point of the process in the process chamber based on the monitored change in thickness or mass of the by-product layer in the process chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a buffer status reporting method of a terminal device in a mobile communication system. The buffer status reporting method includes obtaining a radio resource allocation for a plurality of component carriers from a base station, configuring a plurality of medium access control-protocol data units (MAC-PDUs) including buffer status information corresponding to the plurality of component carriers, the plurality of MAC-PDUs including generated sequence numbers (SNs), and transmitting the plurality of MAC-PDUs to the base station through the plurality of component carriers.

Abstract: A method of restoring a target network to which users having different recovery requirements are connected is provided. The method includes analyzing network components including availability information of each user and parameters reflecting characteristics of the target network; and determining optimized restoration architecture for the target network based on the result of the analysis. Accordingly, when failure occurs in a network to which various subscribers having different recovery requirements are connected, the network can be promptly recovered from the failure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carrier used in the manufacture of a substrate and a method of manufacturing a substrate using the carrier, the method including (A) preparing a carrier comprising a releasing layer, and insulating layers and metal layers sequentially disposed on both sides of the releasing layer; (B) patterning the metal layers to form base circuit layers; (C) forming buildup layers on the base circuit layers; (D) executing a routing process to separate the insulating layers from the releasing layer; and (E) forming solder-resist layers on the buildup layers and forming openings in-the solder-resist layers and the insulating layers to expose pads.

Abstract: A chip scale package (CSP) device includes a CSP having a semiconductor die electrically coupled to a plurality of solder balls. A can having an inside top surface and one or more side walls defines a chamber. The CSP is housed in the chamber and is attached to the inside top surface of the can. A printed circuit board is attached to the solder balls and to the one or more side walls to provide support to the CSP and to the can. The CSP may be a Wafer-Level CSP. The can may be built from a metallic substance or from a non-metallic substance. The can provides stress relief to the CSP during a drop test and during a thermal cycle test.

Abstract: A method of forming a fine pattern of a semiconductor device uses a double patterning technique. A first mask pattern is formed on a first hard mask layer disposed on a substrate. A conformal buffer layer is formed over the first mask pattern. A second mask pattern is formed such that segments of the buffer layer are interposed between the first and second mask patterns, and each topographical feature of the second mask pattern is disposed between two adjacent ones of each respective pair of topographical features of the first mask pattern. A first hard mask pattern is formed by etching the first hard mask layer using the first mask pattern, the second mask pattern, and/or the buffer layer as an etch mask. A trench is formed by etching the substrate using the first hard mask pattern as an etch mask. An isolation layer, of a material that is different from that of first hard mask pattern, is formed in the trench.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition for imparting superior fire retardancy and shape-retaining properties to polyester. The composition comprises 55 to 75% by weight of a sodium silicate solution, 0.5 to 7% by weight of carboxyl methyl cellulose, 0.7 to 10% by weight of a urethane resin, 0.7 to 10% by weight of an acrylic resin mixture and the remaining weight percent of water, based on 100% by weight of the composition, wherein the sodium silicate solution consists of Na2O and SiO2 in a molar ratio of 1:2.1 to 1:2.9, the urethane resin consists of 70 to 80% by weight of methylene diphenyl isocyanate and 20 to 30% by weight of methylpolyglycol, and the acrylic resin mixture consists of 36 to 40% by weight of a butyl acrylate monomer, 10 to 13% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 1 to 2% by weight of an emulsifier, 3 to 5% by weight of acrylic acid and the remaining weight percent of water.

Abstract: An antenna device of a portable wireless terminal is provided. The device includes a mainboard, a slot cover, and an electrical connection unit. The mainboard includes a feed part connected to a Radio Frequency (RF) connector. The slot cover opens/closes a slot formed in a case frame forming an appearance of the portable wireless terminal in order to connect to a connector of an external apparatus, and includes an antenna radiator for transmitting/receiving a signal in a relevant frequency band. The electrical connection unit electrically connects the slot cover with the feed part. Therefore, the antenna device may improve a radiation performance by securing a space of the antenna radiator without increasing the volume of the terminal.

Abstract: An apparatus for printing a liquid crystal alignment layer of uniform thickness on a substrate of an LCD and a method for its use include an ink jet head that prevents the formation of stripes in the alignment layer as a result of variations in thickness of the alignment layer. The apparatus includes an alignment layer ink ejecting unit that includes an orifice unit having a plurality of orifices, and a plurality of control units, each including a piezoelectric element that controls the flow of ink through a corresponding one of the orifices. Each of the orifices includes a plurality of ink ejection passages through which the ink is ejected, and each of the passages terminates at nozzle, or ink ejection hole.

Abstract: An optical filter including: a polarizing film; and a plurality of phase delay films laminated on one side of the polarizing film, the optical axes of the phase delay films crossing each other, the plurality of phase delay films phase-delaying light having wavelengths in the visible range incident through the polarizing film and phase-delaying light reflected from a surface, thereby allowing the incident light to be interfered with and offset by the reflected light.

Abstract: A method of decoding a video signal is disclosed. The present invention includes obtaining identification information indicating whether a coded picture of a current NAL unit is an inter-view picture group, obtaining interview reference information of the inter-view picture group, and constructing a reference picture list for inter-view prediction using the inter-view reference information according to the identification information, wherein the inter-view reference information includes view identification information of an inter-view reference picture.

Abstract: A ball grid array (BGA) package includes a substrate layer having first and second sides. A semiconductor chip is attached to the first side of the substrate layer by a dielectric adhesive layer. A plurality of solder balls are attached to the second side of the substrate layer. The solder balls may be set out by rows and columns. A plurality of wires electrically connect the semiconductor chip to the solder balls. A layer of encapsulating compound is deposited over the semiconductor chip. A step cavity of a selected depth and shape is formed in the layer of encapsulating compound at or near the edge or periphery of the layer of encapsulating compound. The step cavity is separated from the solder balls by the substrate layer but spans over a plurality of selected solder balls.

Abstract: A method for providing a graphical user interface (GUI) and an electronic device using the method are provided. The method includes forming one or more groups of GUI items other than a GUI item selected by a user, moving the GUI items in the one or more groups, and enlarging and displaying the selected item on an area formed by movement of the GUI items. Therefore, it is possible to provide a GUI which enables easy manipulation and which is displayed with superior visual effect on a screen that is relatively small in size.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and fabricating method thereof are disclosed. The present invention includes an insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, a contact plug in and protruding from the insulating layer, and a capacitor on the insulating layer and the exposed contact plug, having a dome shape.

Abstract: In one form a stackable electrical device package has a first plurality of traces, the electrical device bonded to at least some of the first plurality of traces, a second plurality of vertical posts attached to the first plurality of traces, and encapsulation material enclosing the electrical device and sides of the first plurality of traces and the second plurality of vertical posts such that bottoms of the first plurality of traces are exposed on the bottom of the semiconductor package, and tops of the vertical posts are exposed on the top of the semiconductor package.

Abstract: In a method for determining a contact of a display device according to an exemplary embodiment, a covariance matrix is used to extract a unique vector and a unique value and to obtain the main component through the unique vector and the unique value. The value of the main component is analyzed to determine the contact existence. The unique vector and the unique value are used to extract the main component, and then the contact existence is determined such that the touch existence and the position thereof may be correctly determined without errors.