Abstract: A control method of a refrigerator including a compressor to supply refrigerant to an evaporator to cool a storage compartment, a valve to adjust flow of the refrigerant, a fan to blow air heat-exchanged by the evaporator, and a heater to remove frost from the evaporator. The control method includes, upon receiving a power-saving signal, determining whether the received power-saving signal is a first or second power-saving mode signal, upon determining that the power-saving signal is the first power-saving mode signal, performing at least one selected from among resetting of target temperature of the storage compartment, adjustment of an operation rate of the compressor, and adjustment of operation time of the heater to execute a first power-saving mode, and, upon determining that the power-saving signal is the second power-saving mode signal, controlling the compressor, the fan, and the heater to be off to execute a second power-saving mode.

Abstract: A single-crystal graphene sheet includes a polycyclic aromatic molecule wherein a plurality of carbon atoms are covalently bound to each other, the single-crystal graphene sheet comprising between about 1 layer to about 300 layers; and wherein a peak ratio of a Raman D band intensity to a Raman G band intensity is equal to or less than 0.2. Also described is a method for preparing a single-crystal graphene sheet, the method includes forming a catalyst layer, which includes a single-crystal graphitizing metal catalyst sheet; disposing a carbonaceous material on the catalyst layer; and heat-treating the catalyst layer and the carbonaceous material in at least one of an inert atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere. Also described is a transparent electrode including a single-crystal graphene sheet.

Abstract: A filling material according to an embodiment of the invention includes: an outer cover material having elasticity; an expansion material being inserted into an inside of the outer cover material, wherein the expansion material being compressed when the inside of the outer cover material is evacuated; a nozzle being provided at one end of the outer cover material, wherein air is evacuated from the inside of the outer cover material or air is injected to the inside of the outer cover material to expand the outer cover material through the nozzle; and a stopper for blocking the nozzle in a state that the inside of the outer cover material is evacuated to maintain the inside of the outer cover material to be vacuous.

Abstract: An encapsulation member for a display device is disclosed. In one aspect, the encapsulation layer includes a first layer, a second layer formed over the first layer, and a third layer formed over the second layer. The third layer is formed of the same material as that of the first layer. An end of at least one of the first to third layers has a curved shape.

Abstract: A system for learning driving information in a vehicle, includes a first camera mounted on an inner ceiling of the vehicle and configured to detect a projected position of a nose of a driver; and a second camera mounted on an inner front of the vehicle and configured to detect a front position of the nose of the driver. Further, the system includes a driver's status information processing unit configured to detect the line of sight of the driver by calibrating an image corresponding to the projected position and an image corresponding to the front position in real time, to analyze information about the line of sight that is detected, and to store the analyzed information in a learning data database.

Abstract: A server for transmitting and receiving messages for a Signaling (S) layer in a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Media Transport (MMT) is provided. The server includes a first sub-layer of the S layer for producing first messages to provide information used for the use of MPEG, a second sub-layer of the S layer for producing second messages to provide information used for delivering MPEG media, and a Delivery (D) layer for making external and internal deliveries of the first and the second messages, wherein each of the first and the second messages includes at least one field corresponding to each of the message type, version, length, extension field and payload.

Abstract: A display device includes a display substrate with a pixel and being curved along a first direction, an opposite substrate facing the display substrate, being coupled to the display substrate, and curved with the display substrate, a column spacer disposed between the display substrate and the opposite substrate to maintain a gap between the display substrate and the opposite substrate and including first and second spacers respectively disposed at left and right sides of a center line passing through a center portion of the display substrate along a second direction substantially normal to the first direction, a first misalignment preventing layer disposed at a left side of the first spacer with respect to the center line, and a second misalignment preventing layer disposed at a right side of the second spacer with respect to the center line.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image sensor. The disclosed image sensor includes a pixel array including a plurality of unit pixels arranged in a matrix form having rows and columns, a binning sampling unit configured to output a binning sampling signal according to an average of signals from two or more unit pixels selected from among the unit pixels of each of the columns, and an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the binning sampling signal to a digital signal. The selected unit pixels have different exposure times.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for certifying an Android client application by a local service program. In the method, a client application is signed to generate a certification information file; when the client application is run in an Android system, the certification information file is certified by a local service program, and the client application can normally use services provided by the local service program as long as the certification is successful. By the method provided by the present invention, a tampered client application is unable to acquire functions of a local service program, so that legitimate software is distinguished from malicious software, and the security of both the Android system and the network is ensured.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a multi-channel aerosol scattering absorption measuring instrument, comprising a light path device, a detection device and a gas path device. The light path device supplies three different wavelengths of laser entering the detection device in sequence; the detection device is provided with photoelectric detectors at multiple angles for measurement, so as to reduce the measurement error of aerosol scattering coefficient; the gas path device comprises a sample loading unit, a calibration unit and a sample discharging unit; and a light source from the light path device and a gas flow from the gas path device enter the photoacoustic cavity of the detection device respectively and are detected by a control unit.

Abstract: A biosensor structure is provided, which includes a substrate, a center conductor, a first ground conductor, a second ground conductor and a protection layer. The center conductor is disposed on the substrate and defines a detection area at the central area thereof for detection of cells or biomolecules. The first ground conductor is disposed on the substrate and is located opposite to a side of the center conductor. The second ground conductor is disposed on the substrate and is located opposite to another side of the center conductor. The protection layer is disposed on the substrate, the center conductor, the first ground conductor and the second ground conductor. In a thickness direction of the biosensor structure, the protection layer is disposed without substantially overlapping the detection area.

Abstract: A pressurized coolant reservoir tank assembly may include a tank having an injection port formed at an upper portion thereof, storing coolant for cooling an engine of a vehicle therein, and having a discharge hole formed to penetrate a side surface of the injection port such that steam or coolant is discharged to an outside through the discharge hole, a pressure cap fastened to the injection port such that the discharge hole is opened when the pressure in the tank reaches a predetermined pressure or the pressure cap begins to be rotated, and a burn prevention cover fitted to an outer surface of the tank with a gap between a bottom surface of the burn prevention cover and a surface of the tank such that the steam or coolant discharged through the discharge hole flows downward of the tank along the surface of the tank.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a refrigerator having a first storage compartment, a second storage compartment, and a third storage compartment. The refrigerator includes a four-way valve including an inlet through which refrigerant is introduced, a plurality of outlets to discharge the refrigerant, and configured to open at least one of the plurality of outlets, a first heat exchanger connected to a first outlet of the plurality of outlets to adjust a temperature of the first storage compartment, a second heat exchanger connected to a second outlet of the plurality of outlets to adjust a temperature of the second storage compartment, and a third heat exchanger connected to the second heat exchanger and a third outlet of the plurality of outlets to receive refrigerant from at least one of the second heat exchanger and the third outlet to adjust a temperature of the third storage compartment.

Abstract: A transparent display device includes a first substrate including a pixel region and a light amount controlling region. An organic light emitting display is positioned in the pixel region and includes an anode electrode, a pixel defined layer, an organic light emitting layer positioned on the anode electrode and in an opening part of the pixel defined layer, and a cathode electrode positioned on the organic light emitting layer. A liquid crystal display is positioned in the light amount controlling region and includes a pixel electrode, a roof layer facing the pixel electrode, and a liquid crystal layer having a plurality of microcavities between the pixel electrode and the roof layer. The microcavities include liquid crystal molecules. A second substrate seals the organic light emitting display and the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a pre-manufactured unprinted photo album on which photographic images can be printed, and an apparatus and method for manufacturing a photo album using the same. Internal blank papers and a good-quality album cover sheet are bound to prepare semi-finished photo albums, and a photo album selected by a customer is opened in a photo studio so as to instantly print photographic images on surfaces of the photo album, thereby reducing the waiting time. Selection of the type of photo album and acquisition of a finished photo album can be quickly implemented. Since a semi-finished photo album, which is previously checked, is used, there is no problem of delayed acquisition of the finished photo album or of performing the process of manufacturing the photo album again. Since various semi-finished photo albums can be mass-produced, standardization of photo album is achieved, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A single-crystal graphene sheet includes a polycyclic aromatic molecule wherein a plurality of carbon atoms are covalently bound to each other, the single-crystal graphene sheet comprising between about 1 layer to about 300 layers; and wherein a peak ratio of a Raman D band intensity to a Raman G band intensity is equal to or less than 0.2. Also described is a method for preparing a single-crystal graphene sheet, the method includes forming a catalyst layer, which includes a single-crystal graphitizing metal catalyst sheet; disposing a carbonaceous material on the catalyst layer; and heat-treating the catalyst layer and the carbonaceous material in at least one of an inert atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere. Also described is a transparent electrode including a single-crystal graphene sheet.

Abstract: Provided are an image brightness controlling apparatus and method, and an adaptive brightness controlling apparatus and method based on the brightness degree and/or brightness range of an image. The image brightness controlling apparatus includes a brightness increment arithmetic unit for outputting a brightness increment for a pixel, and an individual component brightness increment arithmetic unit for outputting the brightness increments of individual components constituting the pixel in response to the brightness increment for a pixel. The individual component brightness increment arithmetic unit multiplies the brightness increment of the pixel by each of the unit vectors of the components constituting the pixel to obtain the brightness increments of the individual components. The image brightness controlling apparatus further includes an adder for adding the components constituting the pixel to the brightness increments of the components.

Abstract: According to one aspect, a display device may include: a display unit including a plurality of pixels; and a controller arranged to receive an image signal comprising a plurality of image frames and then, if certain of the image frames are determined to represent a still image, to insert a sub-image frame between immediately successive image frames of the certain of the image frames, the sub-image frame allowing at least one of the plurality of pixels to emit light of a specified wavelength.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a freezer compartment and a refrigerator compartment and performs a plurality of individual refrigerating cycles using a plurality of compressors so as to individually cool the freezer compartment and the refrigerator compartment. The refrigerator includes a plurality of compressors, a plurality of condensers, a plurality of expansion valves, and a plurality of evaporators. One of the plurality of condensers is disposed in a machine compartment and the other condenser is disposed outside the machine compartment so that a heat dissipation effect of the machine compartment may be improved and arrangement availability may be increased. Also, the refrigerator includes a plurality of compressors, a dual path condenser, a plurality of expansion valves, and a plurality of evaporators. The dual path condenser may have a plurality of individual condensation paths.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition for encapsulating a semiconductor device and a semiconductor package, the composition including an epoxy resin; a polyorganosiloxane resin represented by Formula 3, below; a curing agent; a curing accelerator; and an inorganic filler: