Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for diagnosing low voltage of a secondary battery cell. The method for diagnosing low voltage of a secondary battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention includes pre-aging a battery cell, charging the battery cell according to a preset charging condition, measuring a parameter for determining low voltage failure of the battery cell, comparing the measured parameter with a reference parameter, and performing formation when the battery cell is determined to be normal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a secondary battery. The secondary battery may include an electrode assembly including a plurality of positive electrode plates with each plate having a positive electrode tab, a plurality of negative electrode plates with each plate having a negative electrode tab, and a plurality of separators with each separator interposed between a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate, a case accommodating the electrode assembly, and a tab welding portion comprising welded overlapping positive electrode tabs and welded overlapping negative electrode tabs. A length of the tab welding portion in an extension direction of the positive electrode tab or the negative electrode tab may be constant or different across a thickness direction of the positive electrode tab or the negative electrode tab.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprises an electrode assembly, a can, and an insulator. The electrode assembly includes a first electrode, a separator, and a second electrode alternately stacked and wound. The can has an accommodation part accommodating the electrode assembly therein, and the can comprises a first can and a second can having cylindrical shapes open in a direction facing each other. The insulator insulates an overlapping portion between the first can and the second can. The first can is electrically connected to the first electrode, and the second can is electrically connected to the second electrode. The insulator has a short-circuit induction through-part defined by a through-hole or a cutoff line, such that a short circuit occurs between the first can and the second can through the short-circuit induction through-part when it is deformed in shape as heat or a pressure is applied to contract or expand the insulator.

Abstract: There is provided a method of processing uplink Ethernet packets of an aggregation node included in a distributed antenna system, the method includes: receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; summing the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets; and transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packets in an uplink direction.

Abstract: There is provided a method of processing uplink Ethernet packets of an aggregation node included in a distributed antenna system, the method includes: receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; summing the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets; and transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packets in an uplink direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a light emitting module replacement type light emitting device including: one or more light emitting modules (100) configured to include a substrate (110), one or more light emitting diodes (120) mounted on one side surface of the substrate (110) in a third direction, and a light emitting module terminal (130) electrically connected to the one or more light emitting diodes (120); a heat sink (200) having a contact surface (S) which is configured to come in contact with the light emitting modules (100); and one or more binding clips (300) coupled to the heat sink (200), positioned on the contact surface (S) and electrically connected to an external power supply.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a light emitting module replacement type light emitting device including: one or more light emitting modules (100) configured to include a substrate (110), one or more light emitting diodes (120) mounted on one side surface of the substrate (110) in a third direction, and a light emitting module terminal (130) electrically connected to the one or more light emitting diodes (120); a heat sink (200) having a contact surface (S) which is configured to come in contact with the light emitting modules (100); and one or more binding clips (300) coupled to the heat sink (200), positioned on the contact surface (S) and electrically connected to an external power supply.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for federated learning of an artificial intelligence model. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a federated learning method of an artificial intelligence model includes: training a first local artificial intelligence model and a second local artificial intelligence model using data sets of a first client and a second client among the plurality of clients; calculating performance values for the first local artificial intelligence model and the second local artificial intelligence model by transmitting the first local artificial intelligence model to the second client and transmitting the second local artificial intelligence model to the first client; comparing the performance values to remove one of the first client and the second client; and training a global model using a client which is not removed.

Abstract: There is provided a method of processing uplink Ethernet packets of an aggregation node included in a distributed antenna system, the method includes: receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; summing the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets; and transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packets in an uplink direction.

Abstract: There is provided a method of processing uplink Ethernet packets of an aggregation node included in a distributed antenna system, the method includes: receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; summing the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets; and transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packets in an uplink direction.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the inventive concept of the disclosure, an evolved radio access network comprises: a plurality of signal sources supporting any one of heterogeneous mobile communication technology standards and data services, a hub connected to a plurality of signal sources, and a plurality of remote units connected through a hub and a transmission network.

Abstract: There is provided a method of processing uplink Ethernet packets of an aggregation node included in a distributed antenna system, the method includes: receiving a plurality of uplink Ethernet packets; summing the plurality of received uplink Ethernet packets; and transmitting the summed uplink Ethernet packets in an uplink direction.

Abstract: An optical film and a digital pen system using the same are provided. The optical film includes a film layer including a fine structure, a coating layer coated on the fine structure and having an infrared ray scattering property, and a matching layer laminated above or below the film layer and having a refractive index matching a refractive index of the fine structure within a predetermined error range.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a light emitting diode (LED) module having a light intensity compensation function includes a light intensity sensor measuring intensity of light irradiated by the LED module depending on a current value, based on a predetermined light intensity signal; a compensation signal generating unit generating a compensated light intensity signal to compensate for an error between measured light intensity and predetermined light intensity; and a pulse width modulation signal generating unit allowing the LED module to irradiate light having uniform brightness in such a manner that a pulse width modulation signal depending on the compensated light intensity signal is applied to an LED driver, in an apparatus for controlling LED lighting including an LED driver.

Abstract: Provided are an optical film and a digital pen system including the same. The optical film includes a film layer having fine structures thereon, a coating layer coated on the fine structures to form a dot pattern and having a feature of scattering infrared light, and a matching layer stacked above or below the film layer and having a refractive index matched to a refractive index of the film layer within a predetermined range of errors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for recognizing a dot pattern, including: a dot pattern recognizing unit configured to recognize a first dot pattern and a second dot pattern on a recording medium, on which a dot pattern is formed; a location information extracting unit configured to extract first location information from the first dot pattern, and extract second location information from the second dot pattern; a communication unit configured to transmit the first location information and the second location information to the content executing device; and a controller configured to control the dot pattern recognizing unit, the location information extracting unit, and the communication unit, in which the first dot pattern is a dot pattern recognized when the device is spaced apart from the recording medium, and the second dot pattern is a dot pattern recognized when the device is in contact with the recording medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for recognizing a dot pattern, including: a dot pattern recognizing unit configured to recognize a first dot pattern and a second dot pattern on a recording medium, on which a dot pattern is formed; a location information extracting unit configured to extract first location information from the first dot pattern, and extract second location information from the second dot pattern; a communication unit configured to transmit the first location information and the second location information to the content executing device; and a controller configured to control the dot pattern recognizing unit, the location information extracting unit, and the communication unit, in which the first dot pattern is a dot pattern recognized when the device is spaced apart from the recording medium, and the second dot pattern is a dot pattern recognized when the device is in contact with the recording medium.

Abstract: An optical film and a digital pen system using the same are provided. The optical film includes a film layer including a fine structure, a coating layer coated on the fine structure and having an infrared ray scattering property, and a matching layer laminated above or below the film layer and having a refractive index matching a refractive index of the fine structure within a predetermined error range.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical film and an electronic pen system. The electronic pen system includes: a reflective display configured to display information by using surrounding light; an optical film disposed on the reflective display, and formed with an information pattern including virtual grid lines and a plurality of marks for providing position information by using light reflected from the reflective display; and an electronic pen configured to recognize the information pattern, and transmit a signal for displaying graphic information on the reflective display.

Abstract: Disclosed are a reflective display and an electronic pen system using the same. An information pattern for providing position information is formed at pixels configuring the reflective display, and the information pattern includes virtual grid lines and marks.