Abstract: A display device may include a substrate including an emission area and a non-emission area, a transistor electrode above the substrate, a via layer over the transistor electrode, and defining a first opening exposing the transistor electrode, an organic layer above the via layer to fill the first opening, a first electrode above the organic layer, and electrically connected to the transistor electrode through the organic layer, an emission layer above the first electrode, and a second electrode over the emission layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical device including a printed circuit board (PCB) module accommodated in a case, and more particularly, to an electrical device having a heat dissipation structure using a filler that reduces heat generation outside a case while increasing a heat dissipation efficiency of a PCB module by using the filler filled in the case, and a manufacturing method of the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for analyzing efficiency of virtual task performance of a user interacting with eXtended Reality (XR). The apparatus includes memory in which at least one program is recorded and a processor for executing the program. The program may perform generating user interaction feature information from sensor information of a virtual reality (VR) device, calculating the quality of experience of a user as the values of multiple experience indices based on the feature information by applying a machine-learning model, and evaluating an experience based on a result of mapping the values of the multiple experience indices to generated metrics in order to analyze the effectiveness of the VR experience of the user.

Abstract: An upgrade method, an apparatus, and a system are provided, and relate to the field of internet of vehicles technologies. The method includes: obtaining status information of a terminal device, where the status information includes an identification result of a first user and/or an identification result of a second user, the first user is an owner of the terminal device, and the second user is an authorized user of the terminal device; and performing an upgrade operation of the terminal device based on the status information. The method helps flexibly implement an OTA upgrade process of the terminal device in a multi-user scenario, and ensures use experience of different users.

Abstract: A method and system for screening spectral indexes of rice resistant to bacteria. The method includes: processing spectral data of a test sample by a threshold segmentation algorithm to obtain average spectral information of each spectral image and a proportion of lesions corresponding to each spectral image; training a deep learning algorithm model based on a self-attention mechanism by using the average spectral information of each spectral image and the proportion of the corresponding lesions to construct a regression model for evaluating an area of the lesions; determining an optimal band combination and a weight value corresponding to each band in the optimal band combination based on the regression model for evaluating the area of the lesions, and then determining the spectral indexes; and identifying differences between rice of different genotypes at different times of infection by using the spectral indexes, and screening rice varieties resistant to bacterial blight.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing an enhanced Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) association procedure for session restoration. In this regard, a method performed by a PFCP node comprises deleting one or more PFCP sessions of the PFCP node that are associated with a failed PFCP entity or with a failed PFCP path. The method further comprises sending, to a PFCP peer node, a node level message to request that the PFCP peer node delete a corresponding one or more PFCP sessions of the PFCP peer node that are associated with the failed PFCP entity or with the failed PFCP path, wherein the node level message comprises an indication of the corresponding one or more PFCP sessions. Some embodiments provide that the node level message comprises a PFCP Association Setup Request including sessions retention information to indicate whether to retain PFCP sessions associated with the PFCP Association Setup Request.

Abstract: A vehicle air conditioner for supplementing and regulating the air volume discharged to front seats and rear seats through a door component that controls a passage, and enabling the length of a package in the direction of a heater core to be reduced. The vehicle air conditioner has an air passage comprising: a front seat air passage through which cold air or hot air is discharged toward the front seats of a vehicle; and a rear seat air passage through which cold air or hot air is discharged toward the rear seats of the vehicle, wherein the front seat air passage comprises a front seat cooling passage and a front seat heating passage, and the rear seat path comprises a rear seat cooling passage and a rear seat heating passage, and includes: a first mixing part in which the cold air of the front seat cooling passage and the hot air of the front seat heating passage are mixed; and a second mixing part in which the cold air of the rear seat cooling path and the hot air of the rear seat heating path are mixed.

Abstract: An energy-independent water electrolysis fuel cell water vehicle system is suggested. The energy-independent water electrolysis fuel cell water vehicle system suggested in the present invention comprises: a water electrolysis processing unit for performing a water electrolysis process by using supplied water while power is not being received from the outside; a gas control unit for adjusting the pressure of a hydrogen gas produced through the water electrolysis process, storing the hydrogen gas in a hydrogen storage by using a gas compression method, and then supplying the hydrogen gas; a fuel cell for generating electrical energy on the basis of the supplied hydrogen gas; and a power control unit for supplying the generated electrical energy as a driving power for the energy-independent water electrolysis fuel cell water vehicle system.

Abstract: The invention discloses a blockchain-based intrusion detection system for railway signal, which is built on a blockchain's distributed chain structure, without a central, trusted control center. This design mitigates the vulnerabilities associated with centralized intrusion detection centers. Additionally, by utilizing a blockchain-based distributed structure, it also eliminates the risk of a single point of failure for the intrusion detection center. Moreover, the data within the blockchain-based intrusion detection system is highly resistant to malicious tampering. This is achieved by leveraging the consensus mechanism inherent in the blockchain, which can achieve consensus among intrusion detection nodes. The current invention solves the internal evil attacks and avoid the inability to reach consensus between nodes due to internal evil, thereby affecting the intrusion detection performance; at the same time, the intrusion detection model can resist external network attacks.

Abstract: A combined fan structure includes sub-fans and a connector connected between two adjacent sub-fans, the sub-fan includes an impeller mounting shell and an impeller assembly mounted on the impeller mounting shell, each of two sidewalls of the impeller mounting shell away from each other is respectively configured with two sockets, two sidewalls of the two sockets away from each other are each configured with an insertion opening configured for the connector to be inserted into, two sidewalls of the socket adjacent to the insertion opening are respectively configured with a limiting bar, a limiting channel is formed between the limiting bar and a bottom of the socket, the limiting channel is in communication with the insertion opening; a snapping groove is defined at the bottom of the socket, when the connecting plate body is inserted in the socket, the hook is snapped in the snapping groove.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for selecting a core network in a mobile communication system are disclosed. According to some aspects of the present disclosure, a method and apparatus are provided for selecting a core network which is appropriate to the type of user's subscribed service in a mobile communication system, without the need for re-routing.

Abstract: An example system includes an electronic device and a server. The electronic device includes a display; a first communicator; and a first controller configured to: control to transmit, to the server, location data identifying locations of the electronic device. The server includes a second communicator; and a second controller configured to: control to receive the location data; identify a course of travel; link photograph images to locations on the course of travel; and control to transmit to the electronic device the course of travel and the photograph images. The first controller of the electronic device is configured to control to receive the course of travel and the photograph images and to control to display on the display, at the same time, a map image, the course of travel, and one or more of the photograph images linked to a selected location on the course of travel.

Abstract: A method of operating an image sensing device includes applying control voltages to a pixel array in accordance with a test mode and performing an analog-to-digital conversion of a column line voltage to obtain one or more digital codes. The one or more digital codes are evaluated to detect an operating error associated with the column line and/or corresponding analog to digital converter. In response to an operating error, pixel values may be replaced or averaged with nearby pixel outputs not affected by the operating error.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for a 360-degree video streaming. A video streaming device may receive a 360-degree video stream from a network node. The video streaming device may determine a viewport associated with the video streaming device and/or the 360-degree video stream. The video streaming device may determine (e.g., based on the viewport) to request in advance a first segment and a second segment of the 360-degree video stream. The video streaming device may determine a relative priority order for the first segment and the second segment. The video streaming device may generate an anticipated requests message. The anticipated requests message may indicate the determined relative priority order, for example, by listing the first segment and the second segment in decreasing relative priority based on the determined relative priority order. The video streaming device may send the anticipated requests message to the network node.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fine dust collecting device using a human body based electrostatic energy harvesting element. The fine dust collecting filter device includes an electrostatic energy harvesting element for collecting and generating current; a charging filter connected to the electrostatic energy harvesting element such that the charging filter is electrically charged to have a first polarity and thus electrically charges fine dust particles; a collecting filter connected to the electrostatic energy harvesting element such that the collecting filter is electrically charged to have a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; and a rectifier disposed between and connected to the electrostatic energy harvesting element, and the charging filter and the collecting filter.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and device for transmitting and receiving sidelink data in a communication system. An operation method of a first terminal comprises the steps of: generating first SCI including MCS change information indicating whether to change an MCS used for sidelink communication; transmitting the first SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH; performing a coding operation and a modulation operation on first data on the basis of the MCS determined by the MCS change information; and transmitting the first data to the second terminal on a PSSCH.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) includes a substrate including a first insulating layer and first wiring patterns disposed on the first insulating layer, an optical sensing chip including a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) and a photodiode, disposed on the first insulating layer to be in contact with at least one of the first wiring patterns, a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) chip disposed to be spaced apart from the optical sensing chip on the first insulating layer and disposed to be in contact with at least one first wiring pattern, different from the first wiring pattern connected to the optical sensing chip, among the first wiring patterns, and a dielectric layer stacked on the substrate and having a hole exposing the VCSEL and the photodiode of the optical sensing chip. The optical sensing chip and the transimpedance amplifier chip are connected through a wiring pattern disposed on the dielectric layer.