Abstract: A process for a mono carbonylation of a benzenediol of the formula (I) is characterized in that a benzene diol of the formula (II) is reacted with an acid anhydride or carbonyl halide of the formula (III) without any organic or inorganic bases for thereby producing a monocarbonylated benzenediol of the formula (I): 1

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, an input buffer for buffering an input signal to provide an internal signal includes a reference voltage adjusting unit configured to receive a reference voltage and to output a first reference signal having a potential level higher than that of the reference voltage and a second reference signal having a potential level lower than that of the reference voltage, a multiplexing unit configured to selectively output one of the first and second reference signals as a newly selected reference signal in response to the internal signal, a differential amplification unit configured to amplify the input signal by comparing the input signal with the newly selected reference signal outputted to generate an amplified input signal, and an internal buffer configured to output the internal signal by buffering the amplified input signal.

Abstract: A driver monitor for a driver system is disclosed. A driver monitor includes a driver monitoring unit for monitoring the fastening operation of the driver based on pre-determined fastening information, the rotation start signal and the rotation stop signal in order to determine whether the fastening operation is appropriately completed or not, generates information signal based on a result of monitoring; an operation processing unit for outputting the result information signal from the driver monitoring means to external peripheral apparatus and receiving operation information signal from the external peripheral apparatus in order to cooperate with the external peripheral apparatus; and a display unit for receiving the information signal from the driver monitoring means and displaying the information signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting voice data on a Next Generation Network Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) subscriber board and a method thereof enable a Channelized Voice over xDSL (CVoDSL) function as a voice service function of an ADSL subscriber, stable signaling of the CVoDSL, and synchronization of an ADSL subscriber board and a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to embody the CVoDSL function. The service to the voice subscriber using an ADSL line can be maintained with the same voice quality as that of an existing copper cable subscriber and the same service can be carried out with less expensive equipment. Also, the need for a splitter to provide services using a separate voice band frequency on the ADSL line can be eliminated, and a plurality of users can be provided with voice services by sharing and dividing a service frequency band on the same line.

Abstract: The present invention provides a memory device for reducing power consumption during a self-refresh operation performed for protecting data loss. For this object, in the present intention, the memory device for performing a refresh operation in a self-refresh period instigated for every constant time interval after entering into a self-refresh mode includes a low-power controller outputting a enable signal for enabling the power supply means during the self-refresh period after being enabled in the self-refresh mode; and a power supply means receiving the enable signal for supplying a low and a high voltages used in an internal circuit by using an external supply voltage and a ground voltage, wherein the low voltage is lower than the ground voltage and the high voltage is higher than the external supply voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nano carbon ball for deodorization composed of porous carbon shells having a spherical hollow core. At least one metal selected from the group consisting of transition metal, oxidized transition metal and alkali metal salt is impregnated to the shell. This nano carbon ball for deodorization may adsorb various kinds of malodor substances together with good deodorizing capability. Thus, the nano carbon ball may give excellent deodorizing effects by capturing and resolving the malodor substances when it used as a deodorant for various daily necessaries or in houses, offices, industrial facilities and other various stinking circumstances.

Abstract: A method of p-type doping in ZnO is provided. The method includes forming an acceptor-doped material having ZnO under reducing conditions, thereby insuring a high donor density. Also, the specimens of the acceptor-doped material are annealed at intermediate temperatures under oxidizing conditions so as to remove intrinsic donors and activate impurity acceptors.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, an input buffer for buffering an input signal to provide an internal signal includes a reference voltage adjusting unit configured to receive a reference voltage and to output a first reference signal having a potential level higher than that of the reference voltage and a second reference signal having a potential level lower than that of the reference voltage, a multiplexing unit configured to selectively output one of the first and second reference signals as a newly selected reference signal in response to the internal signal, a differential amplification unit configured to amplify the input signal by comparing the input signal with the newly selected reference signal outputted to generate an amplified input signal, and an internal buffer configured to output the internal signal by buffering the amplified input signal.

Abstract: A device for controlling a high voltage to prevent efficiency from dropping by using a detector which detects unstable state of a supply voltage supplied from external circuit and accelerates internal operation of a system in a case that the supply voltage is unstable. The device for controlling the high voltage includes an external voltage detector, a voltage level detector, a generator and a pump.

Abstract: A high voltage detector used in an integrated circuit having a high voltage generator for generating high voltage boosting internal voltage is disclosed. The high voltage detector may include a reference voltage supply for supplying reference voltage and a low voltage detector for comparing the reference voltage and the internal voltage and generating a low voltage detecting signal, which is enabled when the internal voltage level is less than a predetermined voltage level. The high voltage detector may also include a control signal outputting unit, which is configured as a current mirror and the high voltage and the internal voltage are applied, for controlling current flowing through the current mirror in response to the low voltage detecting signal and outputting a pumping control signal having a first or a second potential level.

Abstract: An address control apparatus for a semiconductor memory device using a bank address, and more particularly an address control apparatus for a semiconductor memory device using a bank address being concurrently used as a row address in accordance with an architectural bank in realizing various dynamic random access memory (DRAM) macro sets more than 2M˜64M, utilizing a memory compiler in embedded-DRAM, resulting in reduced design time for the macro sets with a minimum of circuit elements.

Abstract: An optical pickup device employing a signal detection unit including a hologram element having a plurality of pattern regions for diffracting and/or focusing light reflected and incident from a recording medium, a photodetector having a plurality of light receiving regions for receiving and photoelectrically converting the light diffracted by the hologram element and a signal operation unit for generating a focus error signal and/or a track error signal from a signal detected from the photodetector. The optical pickup device can implement a stable servo operation even at deviations of the photodetector, a change in the wavelength of light emitted from the light source, and/or shift of focusing means such as an objective lens, and can record and/or reproduce high-density information on/from the recording medium.

Abstract: A light emitting module packaging two light sources emitting two light beams of different wavelengths, and a compatible optical pickup device adopting the module are provided. The light emitting module includes a base, first and second light sources installed on the base, for emitting laser beams in different wavelength regions, a beam splitter and a monitoring photodetector for monitoring the optical outputs of the first and second light sources by receiving the beams emitted from the first and second light sources and split from the beam splitter in one direction.

Abstract: A pickup actuator capable of significantly reducing rolling of the area, including: a pickup base, a lens holder having an objective lens mounted thereon, and lens holder driving means for driving the lens holder in directions for focusing and tracking on the pickup base. The lens holder driving means includes at least one magnet, a yoke for concentrating the magnetic flux of the magnet in the direction of the magnetic flux, and a driving coil having a focusing coil and a pair of tracking coils positioned between the magnet and the yoke. The respective widths of the magnet and the yoke are set at a rate of 1:0.8-1.2. Accordingly, the uniform magnetic flux area of the magnetic flux can be widely distributed in the width's direction of the yoke.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for preparing polysilicon, more specifically to a method and an apparatus for preparing polysilicon in granule form by equipping a fluidized bed reactor with a nozzle that provides an etching gas including hydrogen chloride in order to effectively prevent silicon from depositing on the outlet surfaces of the reaction gas supplying means and to be able to operate the reactor continuously in the bulk production of polysilicon granules.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst for the reduction of nitrogen oxides by the use of natural gas as a reducing agent in an excess oxygen atmosphere, which comprises of filling zeolite with an organic compound having molecular weight of 100˜250 prior to loading catalytically active noble metal components on a zeolite. Since the method according to the present invention supports catalytic active noble metal components on a zeolite under the condition that the pores of zeolite are filled with organic compounds, the noble metal component, which is essential for forming highly active NOx reduction catalyst, can be supported precisely on the desired positions of zeolite pores. Therefore, the NOx reduction catalysts prepared by the present invention are very useful for the purification of exhaust gas in an excessive oxygen atmosphere such as gas turbines, boilers or lean-burn automobiles.

Abstract: An actuator for an optical pick-up and a method of rolling a driving coil using the same. The actuator for the optical pick-up includes a bobbin for holding an object lens, a suspension for connecting the bobbin to a holder, and a magnetic driver. The magnetic driver includes a pair of permanent magnets respectively positioned near opposite sides of the bobbin, a plurality of tracking coils with pairs of the tracking coils rolled on opposite side surfaces of the bobbin, and a focus coil rolled around the bobbin and the plurality of tracking coils. The plurality of tracking coils and focus coil receive current to move the optical pickup through interaction with the permanent magnets, and a strong force is generated by narrowing a distance between the permanent magnets and the focus coil based upon the focus coil being rolled around the bobbin and the tracking coils. Accordingly, it is possible to improve the sensitivity and to prevent improper tilting of the actuator.

Abstract: An address control apparatus for a semiconductor memory device using a bank address, and more particularly an address control apparatus for a semiconductor memory device using a bank address being concurrently used as a row address in accordance with an architectural bank in realizing various dynamic random access memory (DRAM) macro sets more than 2M˜64M, utilizing a memory compiler in embedded-DRAM, resulting in reduced design time for the macro sets with a minimum of circuit elements.

Abstract: An input buffer of the present invention has dual paths for increasing input signal processing speed by using two input buffers having input characteristics that differ from each other. The input buffer includes an input terminal receiving an external input signal; and first and second input buffers, both coupled to the input terminal for transferring an external input signal. The output signal of the second input buffer is blocked when the first input buffer transfers the external input signal, and the output signal of the first input buffer is blocked when the second input buffer transfers the external input signal.

Abstract: An optical pickup assembly includes a base, a bobbin having an objective lens mounted thereon, the bobbin being installed at the base so as to be movable and having a pair of first side surfaces parallel to a radial direction of a disk and a pair of second side surfaces parallel to the tangential direction of a disk track, a focus coil wound around the bobbin for driving the objective lens in a focus direction, a track coil installed at the first side surfaces for driving the objective lens in a radial direction of the disk, a driving magnet installed at the base to face the first side surfaces, a tilt coil installed at the second side surfaces for driving the objective lens in response to the relative inclination between the objective lens and the disk, a first tilt magnet installed at the base such that one polarity thereof faces the tilt coil, a second tilt magnet installed at an upper portion of the first tilt magnet such that another polarity opposite to the one polarity thereof faces the tilt coil, an i