Abstract: A bipolar battery system includes N battery cells. Each of the N battery cells comprises M cores each comprising a first current collector, cathode active material, a separator, anode active material, and a second current collector, where M is an integer greater than one. The M cores are connected in parallel by connecting the first current collectors of the M cores in each of the N battery cells together and by connecting the second current collectors of the M cores in each of the N battery cells together. N?1 clad plates are arranged between adjacent ones of the N battery cells and the N battery cells are connected in series by the N?1 clad plates. A voltage sensing system connects to the N?1 tabs, a first terminal, and a second terminal and is configured to determine N voltages across the N battery cells, respectively.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium ion battery is provided. The battery includes a cathode having a current collector and an electrode active layer coated onto the current collector. The electrode active layer includes a cathode active material and a Lithiated Nafion (Li-Nafion) in direct contact with the cathode active material and liquid electrolyte. The Li-Nafion is deposited directly on the external surface area of the cathode material, such that the Li-Nafion is an interface between the liquid electrolyte and the cathode material. The Li-Nafion may be deposited as a coating or a plurality of particles covering a portion of the external surface of individual cathode material particles. The cathode having Li-Nafion covered cathode material particles delivers improved discharge rate performance, cycling stability as well as the fast charge capability, which arise from high voltage stability and Li ion conduction ability.

Abstract: A solid-state battery cell includes A anode electrodes including an anode active material layer arranged on one or both sides of an anode current collector, C cathode electrodes including a cathode active material layer arranged on one or both sides of a cathode current collector, and S separators arranged between adjacent ones of the A anode electrodes and the C cathode electrodes, where A, C, and S are integers greater than one. Each of the S separators includes a sulfide solid electrolyte membrane including sulfide electrolyte particles and a dual binder system including a first binder and a second binder. The first binder includes a first polymer having steric hindrance functional groups on a branched chain. The steric hindrance functional groups are selected from a group consisting of a phenyl, an ester group, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A graph neural network-based node classification method, during training of a model, categories of a plurality of neighboring node samples in a graph data sample are first predicted to obtain category distribution of the plurality of neighboring node samples, and sampling is then performed on the plurality of neighboring node samples based on the category distribution and a sampling parameter input by a user to obtain a plurality of sampled nodes, so that category distribution of the plurality of sampled nodes is similar to or consistent with the category distribution of the plurality of neighboring node samples.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are the synthesis and characterisations of the monoacrylate-functionalised phthalonitriles (PNs). Their chemical structures are verified with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra to confirm the successful synthesis. Subsequently, photopolymerisable resins, based on the prepared PN monomer, a commercial diacrylate and other additives can be formulated. Being post thermally treated, the PN based resins result in polymeric products with excellent thermal and mechanical performances, suggesting the high-performance nature of the PN based resins. Interestingly, the resins exhibit significant high carbon yield, indicating that they are greatly promising candidates as carbon precursors.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-contact current and voltage composite measurement includes: a current signal detection device, a voltage signal detection device, a zero-crossing detection circuit, and a control unit. The current signal detection device generates a current-induced electromotive force based on current flowing on the transmission line to be measured when there is current-voltage passing through the transmission line to be measured; the voltage signal detection device generates a voltage-induced electromotive force based on voltage flowing on the transmission line to be measured when there is current-voltage passing through the transmission line to be measured. The zero-crossing detection circuit performs zero-crossing detection on the current-induced electromotive force and the voltage-induced electromotive force to determine the phase difference between them.

Abstract: A method in an illustrative embodiment includes obtaining source code and original watermark information, wherein the original watermark information includes source information characterizing the source code. The method further includes obtaining a conversion policy set, wherein the conversion policy set is configured to convert at least a portion of code in the source code, and at least a portion of policies in the conversion policy set can be configured to convert an expression of the source code without changing a logical function of the source code. Additionally, the method includes converting the source code based on the original watermark information and at least a portion of policies in the conversion policy set. The method further includes outputting the converted source code, wherein the source code implicitly contains the original watermark information. Through the method, the security, tamper resistance, and traceability of the source code are improved.

Abstract: A battery cell includes A anode electrodes each including an anode active material layer arranged on an anode current collector, C cathode electrodes each including a cathode active material layer arranged on a cathode current collector, and S separators, where A, C, and S are integers greater than one. At least one of the anode current collector and the cathode current collector includes a composite current collector including a fibrous membrane coated with a conductive material.

Abstract: This application proposes a magnetic coupling coil optimization method. The method comprises: calculating an equivalent magnetic permeability of a magnetic coupling coil based on an air gap length of the magnetic coupling coil; calculating an effective cross-sectional area of the magnetic coupling coil based on the equivalent magnetic permeability and the power of the magnetic coupling coil; calculating a number of turns of the secondary winding of the magnetic coupling coil based on the effective cross-sectional area and the equivalent magnetic permeability; optimizing the magnetic coupling coil based on the number of turns of the secondary winding. The present application can reasonably configure the parameters of the magnetic coupling coil, effectively acquire energy from the power grid to provide stable power for detection or communication equipment in the power grid, and make the magnetic coupling coil more reliable while meeting the power demand.

Abstract: A system and method for manufacturing an electrode sheet. The system includes groups of rollers having increasing diameter gradient to calendar an active material film having an initial thickness to a predetermined production thickness. The initial thickness is continually reduced as the active material film is calendared through the group of rollers. The groups of rollers includes a first group of rollers and a second group of rollers disposed immediately downstream of the first group of rollers. The first group of rollers includes a first roller radius and the second group of rollers includes a second roller radius greater than the first roller radius. The first group of rollers includes a first gap between adjacent rollers and the second group of rollers includes a second gap between adjacent rollers, in which the second gap is equal to or less than the first gap.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for producing a pre-lithiated all-solid-state battery cell are described. This includes obtaining a pre-lithiation anode slurry, coating the pre-lithiation slurry onto a current collector, evaporating the solvent of the pre-lithiation anode slurry to produce an intermediate assembly including the current collector, calendaring an anode via applying pressure to the intermediate assembly to produce a calendared anode assembly, and assembling an all-solid-state battery cell that includes the calendared anode assembly therein. The pre-lithiation anode slurry includes a lithium salt configured to activate an interface lithiation reaction with the electroactive material and a non-aqueous solvent configured to maintain the lithium salt in solution. The pre-lithiation anode slurry can be coated onto a lithium-foil-laminated current collector or further mixed with solid lithium materials before coating onto the current collector.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cathode electrode of a battery cell includes providing a dry powder mixture including an active material, a conductive additive, and a binder to a first extruder; mixing the active material, the conductive additive, and the binder in the first extruder; partially fibrillating the binder in the first extruder; supplying an admixture from the first extruder to a first input of a second extruder; supplying a solvent to a second input of the second extruder; mixing the active material, the conductive additive, the binder, and the solvent in the second extruder; fibrillating the binder in the second extruder; and forming an active material layer using an extrudate die arranged at an output of the second extruder.

Abstract: A method of making a solid-state electrode sheet is provided. The method includes mixing precursors capable of chemically reacting to form a target solid-state electrolyte (SSE) together with one or more of a binder, an electrode active material, and a conductive carbon in a solvent to form a coating slurry. The precursors a undergoes a chemical reaction in the solvent to form the target SSE. The coating slurry is applied onto a current collector. The solvent is evaporated from the coating slurry on the current collector, thereby producing a solid-state electrode sheet having a target SSE. The precursors may be lithium sulfide (Li2S) and phosphorus pentasulfide (P2S5) reacting in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent to produce a sulfide-base SSE such as Li3PS4.

Abstract: A polymer gel electrolyte for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions is provided. The polymer gel electrolyte includes a polymeric blend comprising polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), wherein a mass ratio of PVDF-HFP to PVDF is greater than or equal to about 1.5:1 to less than or equal to about 19:1 in the polymeric blend.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for convolution with workload-balanced activation sparsity are described. An exemplary method comprises: assigning an input tensor and a weight tensor at a convolution layer into a plurality of processors to perform Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) operations in parallel based on the input tensor and the weight tensor; obtaining a plurality of output values based on results of the MAC operations; constructing one or more banks of output values based on the plurality of output values; for each of the banks, performing a top-K sorting on the one or more output values in the bank to obtain K output values; pruning each of the banks by setting the one or more output values other than the obtained K output values in the each bank as zeros; and constructing an output tensor of the convolution layer based on the pruned banks.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for parallelizing convolution processing. An exemplary method comprises: segmenting an input tensor into a plurality of sub-tensors and a plurality of filters into a plurality of sub-filter groups; respectively assigning a plurality of combinations of the sub-tensors and the sub-filter groups to a plurality of processors; storing, by each of the plurality of processors, non-zero values of the sub-tensor and the sub-filter group in the assigned combination as index-value pairs; parallelly performing for a plurality of iterations, by the plurality of processors, multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations based on the index-value pairs to obtain a plurality of outputs, where the index-value pairs of the sub-filter groups are rotated among the plurality of processors across the plurality of iterations; and aggregating the plurality of outputs as an output tensor.

Abstract: A manufacturing system for an electrode of a battery cell includes a conveyor belt configured to receive a fiberized powder mixture including an active material, a conductive additive, and a binder. A powder dispensing stage is arranged adjacent to the conveyor belt and configured to dispense the fiberized powder mixture. A pre-forming stage is arranged adjacent to the conveyor belt and configured to receive the fiberized powder mixture dispensed by the powder dispensing stage and to press the fiberized powder mixture into a raw active material layer. N calendaring rollers configured to receive the raw active material layer from the conveyor belt and to calendar the raw active material layer to form an active material layer, where N is an integer greater than one. A pair of laminating rollers is configured to laminate the active material layer to a current collector to form an electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a positive electroactive material for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions. The positive electroactive material includes a nickel-rich material including a plurality of solid-state particles. Each solid-state particle has a heterogeneous structure that includes a core and a shell that at least partially coats the core. The core includes a nickel-cobalt-manganese material, and the shell includes a nickel-cobalt-aluminum material. When the nickel-rich material is represented by LiNi(1-x-y-z)CoxMnyAl2O2, the nickel-cobalt-manganese material is represented by LiNi(i-x?-(y/a))Cox?Mn(y/a)O2, and the nickel-cobalt-aluminum material is represented by LiNi(i-x?-(z/b))Cox?Al(z/b)O2, where (i) 1-x-y-z>0.5, (ii) a+b=1, (iii) zx?+bx?=x, and (iv) 1-x?-(y/a)>1-x?-(z/b). In certain variations, the core and the shell define a base structure, and the heterogeneous structure further includes a buffer layer that at least partially coats the base structure.

Abstract: In various aspects, the present disclosure provides solvent-free methods of making a solid-state electrode active layer for a solid-state electrode in an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions, by using a plurality of solid polymeric binder particles capable of fibrillation with porous fibrillation particles with a first shear force to at least partially fibrillate the solid polymeric binder particles to form a polymeric binder mixture. The disclosure also contemplates a current collector and a porous active layer disposed thereon. The porous active layer includes a fibrous polymeric network having a plurality of solid particles distributed therein. The solid particles may include electroactive material particles, solid-state electrolyte particles, and porous fibrillation particles.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode includes feeding an electrode mixture to a first conveyor belt. The electrode mixture includes electrode active materials, conductive carbons and polymeric binders. The first conveyor belt moves the electrode mixture film along a first belt-moving direction. The method further includes transferring the electrode mixture film from the first conveyor belt to a second conveyor belt. The second conveyor belt moves the electrode mixture film along a second longitudinal direction. The first belt-moving direction is oblique angled relative to the second longitudinal direction. The side rollers on the second conveyor fold the electrode mixture film at a certain angle with the support of a pair of guide rollers. The method includes hot pressing the electrode mixture film using at least one hot roller to fiberize the PTFE binder along the second belt-moving direction.