Abstract: A thin film transistor, a thin film transistor array panel including the same, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided, wherein the thin film transistor includes a channel region including an oxide semiconductor, a source region and a drain region connected to the channel region and facing each other at both sides with respect to the channel region, an insulating layer positioned on the channel region, and a gate electrode positioned on the insulating layer, wherein an edge boundary of the gate electrode and an edge boundary of the channel region are substantially aligned.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a base substrate, a data line disposed on the base substrate, a gate line crossing the data line, a first insulation layer disposed on the base substrate, an active pattern disposed on the first insulation layer and comprising a channel comprising an oxide semiconductor, a source electrode connected to the channel, and a drain electrode connected to the channel, a second insulation layer disposed on the active pattern, and contacting to the source electrode and the drain electrode, a gate electrode disposed on the second insulation layer, and overlapping with the channel, a passivation layer disposed on the gate electrode and the second insulation layer, and a pixel electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode through a first contact hole formed through the passivation layer and the second insulation layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor display panel according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate, a first insulating layer formed on the substrate, a semiconductor layer formed on the first insulating layer, a second insulating layer formed on the semiconductor layer, and a gate electrode formed on the second insulating layer, in which the first insulating layer includes a light blocking material, and a thickness of the first insulating layer is greater than or equal to a thickness of the second insulating layer.

Abstract: Provided herein are a recombinant vector and microorganism including the isolated SNR84 gene, and a method of increasing volumetric productivity of biofuel from a galactose-containing carbon source using the isolated SNR84 gene, the recombinant vector or the recombinant microorganism. Also disclosed herein is a method of screening yeast for genes associated with increased galactose catabolism when the genes are overexpressed.

Abstract: The bump structure includes a metal pattern disposed on an electrode pad to have a vertical sidewall and a recessed region surrounded by the vertical sidewalls, a metal post including a lower portion inserted into the recessed region and a protruded portion upwardly extending from the lower portion, and a passivation spacer on a sidewall of the metal post. The metal post is electrically connected to the electrode pad.

Abstract: A sludge treatment apparatus includes an aeration tank serving to degrade microorganisms other than Bacillus sp. in sludge to produce organic matter to thereby activate Bacillus sp.; a poor aeration tank serving to reduce the activity of microorganisms in the sludge; a spore-forming tank operated under oxygen-free conditions and serving to induce the degradation and death of microorganisms remaining in the sludge while inducing the formation of spores of Bacillus sp.; a Bacillus sp.-activating reactor provided in an internal return line extending from the spore-forming tank to the aeration tank and serving to supply minerals to the sludge returned from the spore-forming tank to activate spore-type Bacillus sp.; and a sedimentation tank serving to induce the gravity sedimentation of the sludge discharged from the spore-forming tank to separate the discharged sludge into a supernatant and a concentrated sludge.

Abstract: A touch sensing type liquid crystal display device includes an array substrate including a first substrate, a common electrode, a pixel electrode, and a touch sensing unit; a color filter substrate including a second substrate and facing the array substrate; an anti-static layer on an outer side of the second substrate, the anti-static layer having a sheet resistance of about 107 to 109 ohms per square (?/sq); and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and an inner side of the second substrate.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate including a base substrate; an active pattern disposed on the base substrate and including a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a channel including an oxide semiconductor disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode; a gate insulation pattern disposed on the active pattern; a gate electrode disposed on the gate insulation pattern and overlapping with the channel; and a light-blocking pattern disposed between the base substrate and the active pattern.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a cathode plate and an anode plate are arranged with a separator being interposed therebetween, a case in which the electrode assembly is received, a cap assembly capable of sealing an open end of the case, a gasket interposed between the case and the cap assembly, and a leakage prevention portion formed at one surface of the gasket and/or one surface of the cap assembly, which is oriented toward the electrode assembly and contacted with the gasket.

Abstract: A thin film transistor, a thin film transistor array panel including the same, and a method of manufacturing the same are provided, wherein the thin film transistor includes a channel region including an oxide semiconductor, a source region and a drain region connected to the channel region and facing each other at both sides with respect to the channel region, an insulating layer positioned on the channel region, and a gate electrode positioned on the insulating layer, wherein an edge boundary of the gate electrode and an edge boundary of the channel region are substantially aligned.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate includes a base substrate, an active pattern, a gate insulation pattern and a gate electrode. The active pattern is disposed on the base substrate. The active pattern includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a channel disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode. The gate insulation pattern and the gate electrode overlap with the channel. The gate insulation pattern is disposed between the channel and the gate electrode. The source electrode and the drain electrode each include a fluorine deposition layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to host cells containing two or more of a recombinant cellodextrin transporter, a recombinant cellodextrin phosphorylase, a recombinant ?-glucosidase, a recombinant phosphoglucomutase, or a recombinant hexokinase; and to methods of using such cells for degrading cellodextrin, for producing hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives from cellodextrin, and for reducing ATP consumption during glucose utilization.

Abstract: Provided is a thin film transistor and thin film transistor panel array. The thin film transistor includes: a substrate; a gate electrode disposed on the substrate; a semiconductor layer disposed on the substrate and partially overlapping with the gate electrode; a source electrode and a drain electrode spaced apart from each other with respect to a channel region of the semiconductor layer; an insulating layer disposed between the gate electrode and the semiconductor layer; and a barrier layer disposed between the semiconductor layer and the source electrode and between the semiconductor layer and the drain electrode, in which the barrier layer comprises graphene. An ohmic contact is provided based on the type of material used for the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate includes a base substrate, an active pattern disposed on the base substrate, a gate insulation pattern disposed on the active pattern, a gate electrode disposed on the gate insulation pattern and overlapping the channel, and a light-blocking pattern disposed between the base substrate and the active pattern and having a size greater than the active pattern. The active pattern includes a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a channel disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a light-emitting device including a patterned substrate and the manufacturing method thereof. The patterned substrate has a plurality of depressions and/or extrusions for scattering light emitted from a light-emitting layer. Each of the plurality of depressions and/or extrusions comprises a top portion, a bottom portion, and a sidewall portion enclosing the top portion and the bottom portion, and at least part of the sidewall portion comprises a curve. In a preferred embodiment, the light-emitting device further comprises a rough surface formed on at least one of the top portion, the bottom portion, and the sidewall portion.

Abstract: An ice detecting apparatus for a refrigerator having an ice maker includes an ice detecting sensor which determines whether or not an ice storage container which receives and stores ice made by the ice maker is full or nearly full of ice based on pulses transmitted from and received by transmitting and receiving units. The ice detecting sensor includes a transmitting unit to transmit one or more pulses and a receiving unit to detect the pulses transmitted from the transmitting unit. A controller is operably coupled to the transmitting and receiving units to determine whether the storage container is full or nearly full based on pulses detected by the receiving unit among one or more pulses transmitted by the transmitting unit. The controller also determines whether or not external light has been introduced into the ice maker based on the pulses detected by the receiving unit.

Abstract: A method of determining a amount of ice collected in a storage container of a refrigerator, the ice being discharged into the storage container by an ice maker having an ice detecting sensor with a heater, the method comprises determining whether or not the ice storage container is full or nearly full of ice by turning on the detecting sensor for a prescribed period of time. In one embodiment, the heater is turned on while the determining step is preformed. In an alternative embodiment, the heater is continuously maintained in an “ON” state.

Abstract: Provided is a method and system for estimating a channel in a wireless communication system. An interference coefficient is calculated based on a known structure of a pilot, and a channel value in a frequency domain is estimated. A channel value in a time domain is obtained by transforming the channel value in the frequency domain and the channel delay values are subtracted from the channel value in the time domain, thereby cancelling interference.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. The liquid crystal display includes a substrate. A thin film transistor is disposed on the substrate. A passivation layer is disposed on the thin film transistor. A pixel electrode is disposed on the passivation layer. A minute space layer is disposed on the pixel electrode and includes a liquid crystal injection hole. A first overcoat is disposed on the minute space layer. A common electrode is disposed on the first overcoat. A capping layer covers the liquid crystal injection hole. The capping layer includes graphene.