Abstract: A method and system for negotiating interface data path establishment is provided in the invention, including: making a decision, by Target ASN-GW, on whether to establish an R4 data path or an redirect R3 data path, and sending a corresponding request to the Anchor ASN-GW according to the decision; and determining a negotiation result, by the Anchor ASN-GW, according to the corresponding request from the Target ASN-GW, or the corresponding request from the Target ASN-GW and a local decision, and returning a reply to the Target ASN-GW according to the negotiation result. In this way, the R3 data path is redirected if either the Target ASN-GW or the Anchor ASN-GW determines to redirect the R3 data path; and an R4 data path is established only if both the Target ASN-GW and the Anchor ASN-GW determine to establish the R4 data path.

Abstract: In the field of communication technology, a method for invoking a Universal Service Interface (USI) and a USI system are provided. The schemes provide a user with a short-lived user ID for the application to interact with the USI system. The short-lived ID has a corresponding relation with the long-lived user ID and can be found according to the long-lived user ID regardless of whether the user is online or offline. The method and device can effectively ensure the security of USI invocation, and ensure that the application can initiate the USI service request even when the user is in an offline state.

Abstract: A paging group network includes multiple paging groups formed by areas covered by base stations (BSs). The paging group network further includes an anchor paging controller (PC) and a relay PC. The anchor paging controller initiates a page to a mobile station (MS), addresses the paging group in which the MS is located, and stores status information about the MS in a corresponding location register (LR). The relay PC manages the paging groups. A method for updating MS locations is also provided. Thereby, the present invention optimizes the paging and location updating processes, and reduces the complexity of managing the idle mode.

Abstract: A method and device for broadcasting geographic location information of a base station (BS) and relates to radio communication technologies is disclosed. The purpose is to improve the security of the world interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) network in the provisioning of location based services (LBS) in the prior art. A method for implementing LBSs includes: In a WiMAX system providing LBSs, the system obtains an encryption key for encrypting the geographic location information of the BS; and encrypts the broadcasted geographic location information of the BS based on the obtained key. The technical solution of the disclosure may be applied in the WiMAX system.

Abstract: A system and a method for implementing LBS accounting are disclosed. The system includes a LS and an accounting server in a CSN. The LS includes an LS CF, which is adapted to collect LBS-related accounting information with respect to the user who sends the location request and/or the user to be located at different time points, create UDRs of the LS according to the accounting information, and send the UDRs of the LS to the accounting server. The accounting server performs accounting for the LBS according to the received UDRs.

Abstract: A method and a system for realizing an emergency communication service and apparatuses thereof are provided. The method includes: receiving a message carrying an emergency service indication sent by a user terminal; establishing a bearer link for bearing emergency service signaling and emergency service data; receiving an address obtaining request sent by the user terminal based on the bearer link for bearing the emergency service signaling; delivering to the user terminal a local network communication address allocated for the user terminal and an access point address to an apparatus providing a local network emergency service based on the bearer link; and realizing communication with the apparatus providing a local network emergency service according to the access point address and based on the communication address and the established bearer link. Thus, an emergency communication service processing capability is achieved for the user based on a radio network system.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for reducing output load transients of a low dropout voltage regulator (“LDO”) are disclosed herein. A voltage regulator includes an output driver coupled to a regulator output pin, the output driver provides current to a load external to the regulator. A clamping device is coupled between the output pin and an internal node of the regulator. The clamping device forces a voltage at a control input of the output driver to follow the voltage at the output pin when the output driver is disabled.

Abstract: A locating method is provided. The serving ASN-GW sends locating measurement information to a WiMAX terminal; the WiMAX terminal measures the locating data, and sends the locating data measurement result to the entity capable of calculating locating information; and the entity capable of calculating locating information calculates the locating information according to the locating data measurement result. A locating system, a locating data measurement entity, an LCF, and a calculation entity are also disclosed herein. The provided method, system and entity may provide a Locating Service (LCS) for the users in a WiMAX network.

Abstract: A system and charging control method of network convergence policy and charging control architecture are disclosed, based on the QoS parameter, charging policy and user subscribing information granted by the service layer, the PCRF confirms PCC rule, and provides the PCC rule to the policy distribution function PDF. As the interface between the PCRF and PCC policy performing entity, the PDF performs the protocol conversion and information distribution. Based on the PCC rule, the PCC policy performing entity performs QoS policy of the service data flow and the detecting and charging of the service flow.

Abstract: An MBS system, an MBS zone partitioning method, and a method for implementing MBS in a wireless network are disclosed. In the present invention, each MBS zone is managed by an MBS proxy function entity as a signaling plane entity, and the MBS proxy function entity allocates, manages and maintains the resource within the MBS zone. An ASN gateway containing an MBS DPF is adapted to establish, modify, or delete an MBS bear between the MBS DPF and a base station. An MBS agent contained in the base station is adapted to establish the MBS bearer and classifies and distributes MBS packets cooperating with the MBS proxy function entity and the MBS DPF.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method as regards how a network side gets a MSS into the idle mode in a wireless MAN, including: the PA/BS sends a DREG_CMD to the MSS; the MSS sends a DREG_REQ message to the PA/BS, according to the DREG_CMD message, requesting to enter the idle mode; the PA/BS releases the link of the MSS and updates the data of the anchor PC/LR, after receiving the DREG_REQ message. The present invention specifies the process of a MSS entering the idle mode initiated by the network and the settings of relevant parameters, thus enhancing the stability of the process of entering the idle mode and saving the system resources.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a terminal for sending and receiving a multicast broadcast service (MBS) are provided in the communication field. Based on a preset correspondence between MBS content IDs and LCIDs, a network side sends MBS data with an LCID corresponding to the MBS content ID in an air interface link identified by an MCID. A terminal generates a corresponding LCID from the MBS content ID of the MBS based on the same correspondence as that of the network side, and receives data via a logical channel identified by the LCID in the air interface link identified by the MCID of the required MBS. A method for assigning an MBS information ID is also provided. The uniqueness of the MBS content ID can be guaranteed within an operator, an access service network (ASN), or an MBS zone.

Abstract: A method, a system, and a mobile node (MN) for updating a data classifier are provided, which mainly include the following steps: acquiring an MN's classifier information before the relocation of an access router and the MN's new classifier information after the relocation of the access router, updating corresponding properties that are changed in the classifier information, and generating updated classifier information. Therefore, after the relocation of the access router, the classifier for data packets can be correctly found, the data packets can be correctly forwarded according to the classifier information, and the uniqueness of the new CoA can be ensured.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method as regards how a network side gets a MSS into the idle mode in a wireless MAN, including: the PA/BS sends a DREG_CMD to the MSS; the MSS sends a DREG_REQ message to the PA/BS, according to the DREG_CMD message, requesting to enter the idle mode; the PA/BS releases the link of the MSS and updates the data of the anchor PC/LR, after receiving the DREG_REQ message. The present invention specifies the process of a MSS entering the idle mode initiated by the network and the settings of relevant parameters, thus enhancing the stability of the process of entering the idle mode and saving the system resources.

Abstract: A method for network logout for a mobile station (MS) in IDLE mode. The method includes performing network logout upon the MS by a network side, releasing the resources associated with the MS and deleting the context of the MS. A system for network logout for a mobile station in IDLE mode. MS location update procedures, conducted by the network side, in various situations enables the paging controller or other network entity to delete the context of the MS and also provides network logout processing in the scenarios when the network resources are in congestion, the location update of the network side times out and the network side varies with the service policy.

Abstract: A labeling reagent having a distinct Raman, or surface enhanced Raman, spectral signature is used for the control and analysis samples. The labeling reagents can be fluorescent dyes with different isotopic substituents, such as the substitution of some hydrogen atoms for deuterium atoms. Such labeling does not have any detectable effect on separation retention. Raman spectroscopy is used for detection purposes. By combining SERS and SERRS, a concentration ratio prediction error of less than 3% can be obtained over four orders of magnitude of total concentration with up to a factor of 3 concentration ratio range. The method is reliable, reproducible and more sensitive than methods based on absolute SERS/SERRS intensity correlations, with no internal standard, or using a different molecule (rather than an IEIS) as a SERS/SERRS internal standard.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method as regards how a network side gets a MSS into the idle mode in a wireless MAN, including: the PA/BS sends a DREG_CMD to the MSS; the MSS sends a DREG_REQ message to the PA/BS, according to the DREG_CMD message, requesting to enter the idle mode; the PA/BS releases the link of the MSS and updates the data of the anchor PC/LR after receiving the DREG_REQ message. The present invention specifies the process of a MSS entering the idle mode initiated by the network and the settings of relevant parameters, thus enhancing the stability of the process of entering the idle mode and saving the system resources.

Abstract: A method for paging an idle MS includes: a PC sends a Paging Announce message to the BS, starts a timer and sets a paging count threshold; the BS pages the MS; if no paging response is received from the MS before expiry of the timer, the PC compares the number of times of paging with the set paging count threshold, and re-sends the Paging Announce message or cancels the paging operation, according to the comparison result. A method for stopping paging to an idle MS includes: a BS in a PG pages an MS, and a network side sends a paging stop message to at least one other BS; and at least one other BS stops the paging process. A paging includes a central processing unit for setting a paging count threshold and judging whether a paging response is received.

Abstract: A paging group network includes multiple paging groups formed by areas covered by base stations (BSs). The paging group network further includes an anchor paging controller (PC) and a relay PC. The anchor paging controller initiates a page to a mobile station (MS), addresses the paging group in which the MS is located, and stores status information about the MS in a corresponding location register (LR). The relay PC manages the paging groups. A method for updating MS locations is also provided. Thereby, the present invention optimizes the paging and location updating processes, and reduces the complexity of managing the idle mode.

Abstract: The invention provides, among other things, lyophilized compositions of high surface area that comprise a protein and that reconstitute quickly and efficiently to solution of high protein concentration with minimal formation, if any, of foam, effervescence, bubbles, turbidity, or particulates that might be deleterious. The invention also provides, among other things, methods for making the lyophilized compositions. The invention in additional aspects also provides Raman Imaging Spectrographic methods for real time analyses of polymorphs in a sample using PLS algorithms. By way of particular example, the use of the method for the analysis of mannitol polymorphs is described, and the use of the analysis to determine optimum compositions and lyophilization methods for producing lyophilates of pharmaceutical proteins having a predefined distribution of mannitol polymorphs and having the aforementioned reconstitution properties is also described.