Abstract: Various embodiments provide a packet transmission method and an apparatus. In those embodiments, a first device supports a first protocol layer, and replicates a packet at the first protocol layer. A second device supports a second protocol layer, and deduplicates the packet at the second protocol layer. When receiving a first packet, a first access device converts a sequence number of the first protocol layer in the first packet into a sequence number of the second protocol layer, and then sends, to the second device, a second packet that carries the sequence number of the second protocol layer and a data packet of the first packet. For example, if the first access network device receives two packets having same data packets, the first access network device separately coverts sequence numbers in the two packets without performing operations of first deduplicating and then replicating the packet.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a media packet transmission method, an apparatus, and a system that relate to the field of communication technologies. In an example method, a transmit end network element obtains a correspondence between an encoding type and a quality of service (QoS) flow. The transmit end network element is a user plane network element or a terminal. The QoS flow is used to transmit a media packet whose encoding type is the encoding type corresponding to the QoS flow. The transmit end network element identifies an encoding type of a received media packet, and sends, based on the correspondence through a QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type of the media packet, the media packet carrying information associated with the encoding type to an access network element.

Abstract: Example network-based adaptive streaming media parameter adjustment methods and apparatuses are disclosed. One example method includes receiving, by an access network device, media QoS information from a session management network element, where the media QoS information includes at least two bit rate indicators and QoS requirement information corresponding to each of the bit rate indicators. The access network device determines, based on a current network condition and the media QoS information, a target bit rate indicator from the at least two bit rate indicators. The target bit rate indicator is sent to a terminal or a video server, where the current network condition meets a network requirement for transmitting streaming media data at a bit rate indicated by the target bit rate indicator.

Abstract: A multicast communication method and a communication apparatus provide for transmission of data of a multicast service using a PDU session established by a terminal device to improve network element utilization. An AF network element sends first multicast service indication information to a session management network element indicating a first multicast service. The session management network element sends, based on the first multicast service indication information, multicast service information to an access network device that serves a terminal device. The access network device establishes an association relationship between the terminal device and the first multicast service based on the multicast service information, so that the access network device can send, when receiving data of the first multicast service, the data of the first multicast service to the terminal device using a PDU session.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving, by a policy control function network element, request information from an application function network element, where the request information includes a continuity requirement of an APP; and sending, by the policy control function network element, first policy information to user equipment, where the first policy information includes an SSC mode of the APP, the first policy information is associated with the continuity requirement of the APP, and the first policy information is for determining whether to reuse or newly establish a session.

Abstract: This application provides a network connection configuration method and an apparatus. The method is as follows: After a terminal device obtains network configuration information of an application in the terminal device, the terminal device sends the network configuration information to a core network control plane network element, so that the core network control plane network element may determine a network connection that is of the application and is between the terminal device and the data network and that meets the network configuration information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a data transmission method, user equipment, and a control plane node. User equipment (UE) determines a security attribute of a session of the UE; the UE sends a session establishment request message to a control plane node when the security attribute of the session of the UE does not meet a security requirement of an application. The session establishment request message is used to request to establish a session corresponding to the security requirement of the application. Embodiments of the disclosed method reduce an unnecessary signaling exchange caused by establishment of a new session in a data transmission process to facilitate meeting requirements of different services.

Abstract: A session processing method includes determining, by a processor that a first application is not associated with a session parameter of a first session when starting the first application. The method also includes transmitting data of the first application through the first session in response to obtaining indication information. The indication information indicates that the session parameter of the first session can satisfy a session parameter requirement of the first application.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data analytics method, an apparatus, and a system, and relate to the field of communication technologies, to improve a use effect of data analytics information. The method includes: A data analytics network element receives, from a first network element, effect information of data analytics information. The data analytics network element determines updated data analytics information based on the effect information. In this way, the data analytics network element determines, based on the effect information, whether a use effect achieved by using the data analytics information is good or bad, to know whether a data analytics model is accurate. In this solution, the data analytics network element may actively update the data analytics information in time based on the effect information, to improve a use effect of the updated data analytics information.

Abstract: This application discloses a path processing method, an apparatus, and a related computer-readable storage medium. In the method, whether there is an existing communication connection for a service flow is determined, and a service feature indicator corresponding to the existing communication connection satisfies a service feature condition required by the service flow. In a case of determining that there is the existing communication connection, a service packet is sent in the existing communication connection. In a case of determining that there is no existing communication connection, a new communication connection is established for the service flow, and a service packet is sent in the new communication connection, and a service feature indicator corresponding to the new communication connection satisfies the service feature condition required by the service flow.

Abstract: A session processing method comprising: receiving, by a policy control function network element from an application function network element, a request for determining policy information, wherein the request comprises a continuity request of an application (APP); sending, by the policy control function network element, the policy information to a session management function network element; receiving, by the session management function network element, the policy information from the policy control function network element; and processing, by the session management function network element, a session according to the policy information.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for clock synchronization are provided. In one aspect, a clock synchronization method includes: receiving, by a terminal and from an access network device, information about N clock domains, determining, by the terminal, M clock domains that are associated with the terminal and that are in the N clock domains, and separately performing, by the terminal, clock synchronization with clock sources of the M clock domains based on information about the M clock domains. Information about a clock domain includes first time information and a clock domain number of the clock domain. The first time information includes a time of a clock source of the clock domain when the access network device sends the information about the clock domain. The clock domain number identifies the clock domain. N is an integer greater than 1, and M is an integer greater than 1.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device control method and apparatus, and relate to the field of device control technologies. The method includes: determining a session attribute of user equipment UE; and sending the session attribute to a first access network AN accessed by the UE, where the session attribute is used by the first AN to control the UE.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides example traffic routing methods, apparatuses, and systems. One example method includes determining, by a session management network element, a routing rule, where the routing rule indicates a first traffic steering entity to send a first traffic to a first function entity, or send a second traffic to a second function entity or an access device, where the first traffic is a traffic on which first traffic steering control is to be performed, and the second traffic is a traffic on which the first traffic steering control has been performed. The routing rule is sent by the session management network element to the first traffic steering entity in a session management process.

Abstract: In a re-allocation process of a first user plane function network element to a second user plane function network element, a session management function network element sends a respective session modification request to each anchor user plane function network element of a plurality of anchor user plane function network elements, where each session modification request includes information about the second user plane function network element; and indicates to only a first anchor user plane function network element in the plurality of anchor user plane function network elements to send an end marker; or sends the end marker to only the first anchor user plane function network element.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to quality of service (QoS) information notification methods, devices, and systems. In one example method, a user plane network element obtains a first QoS notification, where the first QoS notification includes first QoS information used to indicate QoS of a target service. The user plane network element sends first indication information to an application network element to which a QoS notification needs to be reported, where the first indication information is used to indicate a second QoS notification, the second QoS notification includes second QoS information of the target service, and the first QoS notification is the same as the second QoS notification, or the second QoS notification is determined based on the first QoS notification.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a service processing method, an apparatus, and a system that relate to the field of communications technologies and are used to reduce resource waste. The method includes: controlling, by a controller, a first node to send a received packet to a processing network; and controlling, by the controller, the processing network to process the packet and then send a processed packet to a second node. The first node is a base station or a network element connected to the base station, and the second node is a routing function entity; or the first node is the routing function entity, and the second node is the base station or a network element connected to the base station. The routing function entity is an anchor point of an Internet Protocol IP address of a user.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a network slice selection method, a device, and a system, to resolve a problem in a current technology after a terminal device moves out of a service area of a network slice. A method embodiment includes determining, by a mobility management network element, a first network slice information about a first network slice and a second network slice information about a second network slice, the second network slice having a mapping relationship with the first network slice; and sending, by the mobility management network element, a mapping information between the first network slice and the second network slice, the mobility management network element sending the mapping information to an access network device.

Abstract: A communication method includes receiving, by a policy control network element executed by a processor, first information. The first information is service information or a traffic steering requirement. The traffic steering requirement includes at least one service function. The communication method also includes obtaining, by the policy control network element, first traffic steering policy information from a first network element based on the first information. The first traffic steering policy information indicates network elements corresponding to the at least one service function and a sequence in which service data passes through the network elements corresponding to the at least one service function.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and device. In a process in which a terminal device is handed over from a source access network device to a target access network device, the source access network device processes buffered packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) data, so that when a forwarding tunnel is a tunnel of a session granularity or a group granularity, the target access network device accurately forwards data in the handover process. The method includes: encapsulating, by a source access network device, indication information in an encapsulation header of PDCP data, where the indication information is used to indicate a radio bearer used for sending the PDCP data by a target access network device; and sending, by the source access network device to the target access network device, the PDCP data in which the indication information is encapsulated.