Abstract: The present disclosure provides example traffic routing methods, apparatuses, and systems. One example method includes receiving a routing rule from a session management network element in a session management process, wherein the routing rule indicates at least one of the following: to send a first traffic to a first function entity, or to send a second traffic to a second function entity or an access device, where the first traffic is a traffic on which first traffic steering control is to be performed, and the second traffic is a traffic on which the first traffic steering control has been performed; and transmitting a received traffic according to the routing rule.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method, a communication apparatus, and a communication system. The method includes: obtain satellite coverage information of a terminal device; determining, based on satellite coverage information of the terminal device, at least one cycle of a periodic registration cycle of the terminal device, an extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) cycle, or a periodic tracking area update (TAU) cycle; and sending the at least one cycle to the terminal device. The at least one cycle can be used by terminal device to perform certain procedure including periodic registration, or periodic tracking area update.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A first session management function network element determines whether a first session management function network element is able to serve a first data network access identifier (DNAI). The first session management function network element sends first information to a first access and mobility management function network element when the first session management function network element is able to serve the first DNAI, where the first information is used by the first access and mobility management function network element to remove an intermediate session management function network element.

Abstract: This application provides a method for controlling disorder of downlink data and an apparatus thereof. The method includes: A control plane network element determines to switch from a first user plane device to a second user plane device, and sends indication information to the second user plane device. The second user plane device buffers, according to the received indication information, downlink data received from a session anchor, and sends the buffered downlink data after reception of an end marker from the first user plane device.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining, by a data analytics device, data of a terminal on an access device and data of the terminal on an access and mobility management function device, where the data of the terminal on the access device includes a first identifier, and the access device is an access device, the data of the terminal on the access and mobility management function device includes the first identifier, and the first identifier includes an identifier assigned by the access device to the terminal, associating, by the data analytics device, the data of the terminal on the access device with the data of the terminal on the access and mobility management function device based on the first identifier.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus. A session management function obtains at least one group of first association relationships, where the first association relationship is a correspondence between identification information of domain name system DNS handling information and the DNS handling information. The SMF sends, to an EASDF, the at least one group of first association relationships used for PDU sessions of a plurality of terminal devices, and sends, to the EASDF, a first message corresponding to a first PDU session, where the first information includes first identification information, and the first identification information is identification information of DNS handling information corresponding to the first PDU session. The EASDF receives the first association relationship and the first message, and determines, based on the first association relationship and the first identification information, the DNS handling information corresponding to the first PDU session.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to user plane information reporting methods and apparatus. In one example method, a session management network element obtains parameter information, and initiates establishment of a dedicated tunnel between a first communications apparatus and a second communications apparatus, where the parameter information indicates the first communications apparatus to report user plane information when a reporting condition is met. The session management network element sends a first rule to the first communications apparatus, where the first rule indicates the first communications apparatus to send a packet to the second communications apparatus through the dedicated tunnel when the reporting condition is met.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides example traffic routing methods, apparatuses, and systems. One example method includes determining, by a session management network element, a routing rule, where the routing rule indicates a first traffic steering entity to send a first traffic to a first function entity, or send a second traffic to a second function entity or an access device, where the first traffic is a traffic on which first traffic steering control is to be performed, and the second traffic is a traffic on which the first traffic steering control has been performed. The routing rule is sent by the session management network element to the first traffic steering entity in a session management process.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a roaming data processing method and apparatus, and a system. The method is used to effectively collect data of a terminal in a roaming scenario. The method includes a first data analytics network element receiving, from a visited first network element, data of a terminal on the first network element, where the data includes first information and a first identifier, the first information is used to indicate that the terminal is roaming, and the first information includes any one or more of the following information corresponding to the terminal: a home PLMN identifier, a visited PLMN identifier, home area information, and visited area information.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. In the method, each URSP rule included in a URSP corresponds to an HPLMN or a VPLMN of a UE. When the UE accesses an application, based on existing URSP rule matching, the UE uses PLMN information in the URSP rule as one of criteria for the UE to match a URSP rule.

Abstract: This application provides a method for controlling disorder of downlink data and an apparatus thereof. The method includes: A control plane network element determines to switch from a first user plane device to a second user plane device, and sends indication information to the second user plane device. The second user plane device buffers, according to the received indication information, downlink data received from a session anchor, and sends the buffered downlink data after reception of an end marker from the first user plane device.

Abstract: In a media data transmission method, an access network device receives layered coding information of a media flow, where the media flow is a target service; the access network device determines a plurality of multicast groups based on the layered coding information and information about terminal devices that access the target service; and the access network device sends a media data packet of the target service to the terminal devices based on the plurality of multicast groups. By using the method, multicast grouping may be performed on a plurality of terminal devices that access a same service, and further differentiated transmission is performed on media data of the same service. This improves a data transmission speed of the access network device, and improves a data throughput in a signal coverage area of the access network device.

Abstract: A service transmission method and apparatus are provided to establish a connection between an access and mobility management function network element and a secondary base station, when a master base station is not capable of continuing to provide a service for a terminal device. In an embodiment, an access and mobility management function network element determines that a master base station is not capable of continuing to provide a service for a terminal device. The access and mobility management function network element sends a mobility management context of the terminal device to a secondary base station, where the mobility management context is used by the secondary base station to perform mobility management on the terminal device. Therefore, a signaling connection between the access and mobility management function network element and the secondary base station can be quickly established, thereby ensuring service transmission and improving user experience.

Abstract: This application provides a synchronization method and an apparatus, to implement synchronization with a TSN clock in a mobile network. The synchronization method is performed by a first network element in a relay network. The relay network includes a radio access network RAN device and a terminal device. The method includes: The first network element receives a clock synchronization packet. The first network element determines first duration of the relay network, where the first duration of the relay network includes a first downlink transmission delay of transmitting the clock synchronization packet between the RAN device and the terminal device. The first network element determines a time correction field of the relay network, where the time correction field includes the first downlink transmission delay.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a method and an apparatus for adjusting a media parameter. The method includes: A terminal device obtains network information from a network data analytics function network element, where the network information includes one or more of the following: network performance prediction information or a media parameter, the network performance prediction information indicates prediction of a network status, and the media parameter is used for controlling, selecting, transmitting, or buffering media data. The terminal device processes the media data based on the network information. In embodiments of this application, a freezing phenomenon can be reduced by adjusting a media parameter, and quality of experience of a user can be improved.

Abstract: This application provides a method for controlling a terminal device to access a network, and a communication apparatus. The method includes: An access network device sends, to a mobility management network element, identification information of a network selected by a terminal. When a core network does not determine whether the terminal device is allowed to access the network, the mobility management network element sends, to the terminal device, information indicating not to initiate a service. According to the method, the terminal device is prevented from initiating a service before the core network verifies whether the terminal device is allowed to access the network, so that compliance with regulatory requirements is ensured.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a policy control method and system, a network element, and a storage medium. A control plane network element establishes, for UE, a first DN connection that uses a first forwarding plane network element as an anchor. The method includes: when the control plane network element receives a handover notification message for the UE and determines that a second forwarding plane network element serves the UE, or when the control plane network element establishes, for the UE, a second DN connection that uses a second forwarding plane network element as an anchor, the control plane network element updates a forwarding path of the first DN connection, so that an updated forwarding path of the first DN connection passes through the second forwarding plane network element, and the second forwarding plane network element performs policy control on a packet on the first DN connection.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a communication method, and a corresponding apparatus. In the method, a terminal device obtains association information between first traffic description information and second traffic description information; determines the first traffic description information and the second traffic description information; and sends a first request message and a second request message that include same session pair information to establish redundant sessions. The first request message is used to request to establish a first session corresponding to the first traffic description information and the second request message is used to request to establish the second session corresponding to the second traffic description information.

Abstract: A data packet transmission method includes receiving, by a first network element, a first data packet of a first service from an application server. The method also includes determining, by the first network element, first sequence information of a second data packet. The second data packet is a to-be-discarded data packet of the first service. The first sequence information indicates a sequence of the second data packet. The method further includes determining, by the first network element, a third data packet. The third data packet includes the first sequence information. The method additionally includes sending, by the first network element, the third data packet to a terminal device.

Abstract: A service packet transmission method and apparatus, the method including receiving, by the source mobile edge computing network element, after a source mobile edge computing network element receives a second uplink service packet, a first uplink service packet sent by a source user plane network element and that is from a target user plane network element, where the second uplink service packet is the last uplink service packet sent by the source mobile edge computing network element to a source application server, sending, by the source mobile edge computing network element, the first uplink service packet to a target mobile edge computing network element, and sending, by the source mobile edge computing network element, first indication information to the target mobile edge computing network element, the first indication information indicating that the sending of the first uplink service packet by the source mobile edge computing network element ends.