Abstract: RF communications received by a wireless terminal from a servicing base station are used to determine the channel quality such as reported bit error probability (BEP). The RF communications may be in the form of RF bursts that are part of a data frame. An estimated BEP may be determined from the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the RF bursts and or a sequence of soft decisions extracted from the RF bursts, and their historical performance. The SNR maps to an estimated BEP based upon the modulation format of the RF bursts. The soft decisions decode to produce a data block. When the soft decisions decoded favorably, the re-encoded data block produces a sequence of re-encoded decisions. Comparing the re-encoded decisions to the soft decisions yields a re-encoded bit error (RBER). The reported BEP may be based upon the estimated BEP, RBER, and/or RBER threshold. The RBER threshold may be adaptively incremented or decremented depending upon whether or not the RF communications were properly decoded.

Abstract: A system for implementing Incremental Redundancy (IR) operations in a wireless receiver includes a baseband processor, an equalizer, a system processor, and an IR processing module. The baseband processor receives an analog signal corresponding to a data block and samples the analog signal to produce samples. The equalizer receives the samples from the baseband processor, equalizes the samples, and produces soft decision bits corresponding to the data block. The equalizer may be implemented as a distinct processing component or may be performed by the baseband processor or system processor. The system processor receives at least the soft decision bits and initiates IR operations. The IR processing module receives the soft decision bits of the data block and performs IR operations on the data block in an attempt to correctly decode a corresponding data block.

Abstract: An under-bump metallization (UBM) design comprises a semiconductor chip having a plurality of interconnect layers, a passivation layer atop the plurality of interconnect layers, and a UBM layer atop the passivation layer, wherein a surface of the UBM layer comprises at least a first area recessed into the passivation layer and a second area recessed into the passivation layer. A metal bump may be formed atop the UBM layer. A center portion of the metal bump is mounted within the first area while an anchor portion of the metal bump is mounted within the second area.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention include low stress chip attachment with shape memory materials.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, an electronic assembly is provided. The electronic assembly includes a microelectronic die having an integrated circuit formed therein. Carbon nanotubes are grown on the microelectronic die and are electrically connected to the integrated circuit. The carbon nanotubes form a plurality of contact formations to connect the die, and the integrated circuit therein, to a package substrate. The package substrate may then be attached to a printed circuit board and installed in a computing system. According to another aspect of the present invention, a first conductive layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of transistors formed thereon. Then a second conductive layer is formed on the first conductive layer. A hole is created at least partially through both the first and second conductive layers. Carbon nanotubes are grown within the hole to electrically interconnect the two conductive layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing europium activated yttrium gadolinium borate phosphors and a product produced by the method. The chemical formula of said phosphors is (Y1-x-y-zEuxGdyMz)BO3, wherein: 0.01?x?0.01, 0?y?0.5, M=Ca, Sr, Ba or Mg, 0?z?0.1. The method comprises: mixing a yttrium source, an europium source, a gadolinium source, a boron source and an M source to produce an aqueous solution in a microwave system; placing the aqueous solution into a microwave system, and making the solution reacting under the condition of condensation cycling and stirring to produce a sol; heating the sol in a microwave system to produce a gel; drying, baking, washing and collecting the gel to produce the product. The method of the present invention can greatly short the production period and improve the production efficiency. The europium activated yttrium gadolinium borate phosphor particles is of a particle size as fine as 80 nm and has good uniformity and emitting performance.

Abstract: RF communications received by a wireless terminal from a servicing base station are used to determine the channel quality such as reported bit error probability (BEP). The RF communications may be in the form of RF bursts that are part of a data frame. An estimated BEP may be determined from the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the RF bursts and or a sequence of soft decisions extracted from the RF bursts, and their historical performance. The SNR maps to an estimated BEP based upon the modulation format of the RF bursts. The soft decisions decode to produce a data block. When the soft decisions decoded favorably, the re-encoded data block produces a sequence of re-encoded decisions. Comparing the re-encoded decisions to the soft decisions yields a re-encoded bit error (RBER). The reported BEP may be based upon the estimated BEP, RBER, and/or RBER threshold. The RBER threshold may be adaptively incremented or decremented depending upon whether or not the RF communications were properly decoded.

Abstract: RF communications received by a wireless terminal from a servicing base station are used to determine the BEP. These RF communications may be in the form of RF bursts that are part of a data frame. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the RF burst is determined and a sequence of soft decisions from the RF burst are extracted. The SNR maps to an estimated BEP based upon the modulation format and coding scheme of the RF burst. The soft decisions decode to produce a data block. When the soft decisions decoded favorably, the re-encoded data block produces a sequence of re-encoded decisions. Comparing the re-encoded decisions to the soft decisions yields a re-encoded bit error (RBER). When the decoding is unsuccessful, the BEP is estimated only upon the estimated BEP derived from the SNR. Otherwise, both the estimated BEP and RBER may be used to determine the BEP.

Abstract: A system for implementing Incremental Redundancy (IR) operations in a wireless receiver includes at least one processing device, an IR processing function, and IR memory. The at least one processing device is operable to receive analog signals corresponding to a data block, to sample the analog signals to produce samples, to equalize the samples to produce soft decision bits corresponding to the data block, and to initiate IR operations. The IR processing function is operable to perform IR operations on the soft decision bits of the data block in an attempt to correctly decode the data block. The IR memory operably couples to the IR processing function, includes Type I IR memory adapted to store IR status information of the data block, and includes Type II IR memory adapted to store the data block.

Abstract: A system for implementing Incremental Redundancy (IR) operations in a wireless receiver includes a baseband processor, an equalizer, a system processor, and an IR processing module. The baseband processor receives an analog signal corresponding to a data block and samples the analog signal to produce samples. The equalizer receives the samples from the baseband processor, equalizes the samples, and produces soft decision bits corresponding to the data block. The equalizer may be implemented as a distinct processing component or may be performed by the baseband processor or system processor. The system processor receives at least the soft decision bits and initiates IR operations. The IR processing module receives the soft decision bits of the data block and performs IR operations on the data block in an attempt to correctly decode a corresponding data block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing europium activated yttrium gadolinium borate phosphors and a product produced by the method. The chemical formula of said phosphors is (Y1-x-y-zEuxGdyMz)BO3, wherein: 0.01≦x≦0.1, 0≦y≦0.5, M═Ca, Sr, Ba or Mg, 0≦z≦0.1. The method comprises: mixing a yttrium source, an europium source, a gadolinium source, a boron source and an M source to produce an aqueous solution in a microwave system; placing the aqueous solution into a microwave system, and making the solution reacting under the condition of condensation cycling and stirring to produce a sol; heating the sol in a microwave system to produce a gel; drying, baking, washing and collecting the gel to produce the product. The method of the present invention can greatly short the production period and improve the production efficiency.