Abstract: The present disclosure describes compounds of Formula (I) wherein m is 1 to 6, n is 6 to 10 and R1 is a straight or branch chain siloxane, their use in methods to modify the surface of hydrophobic substrates to render the substrates superhydrophilic and surface-modified substrates.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes compounds of Formula (I) wherein m is 1 to 6, n is 6 to 10 and R1 is a straight or branch chain siloxane, their use in methods to modify the surface of hydrophobic substrates to render the substrates superhydrophilic and surface-modified substrates.

Abstract: A common rail fuel injector comprises a three-way control valve that controls the flow of high-pressure fuel to a fuel cavity for fuel injection. Specifically, when the control valve is transitioning to a first, on position, from a second, off position, high-pressure fuel is provided to both the fuel cavity and to a check control cavity, thereby preventing fuel injection until the control valve seats in the first, on position. Once seated in the first, on position, the control valve only provides high-pressure fuel to the fuel cavity allowing fuel injection to occur. To stop injection, the control valve is moved from the first, on position to the second, closed position. Once again, while the control valve is in the transition location between the two positions, high-pressure fuel is provided to both the fuel cavity and to the check control cavity thereby terminating injection.

Abstract: Common rail fuel injectors typically have difficulty in changing an injection rate during an injection event. Fuel injectors for this common rail fuel injection system include a multi-position admission valve. The admission valve is stoppable at a middle position to inject fuel at a low rate. The lower rate is accomplished by leaking some fuel to drain to reduce injection pressure. The admission valve is also stoppable at a fully open position to inject fuel at a high rate. Fuel injection events are ended, and the fuel injectors maintained between injection events, with the admission valve member in contact with a supply seat to close the high pressure supply passage. This strategy can be used in conjunction with a spring-biased needle valve member to expand fuel injector capabilities.

Abstract: Common rail fuel injectors typically have difficulty in changing an injection rate during an injection event. Fuel injectors for this common rail fuel injection system include a multi-position admission valve. The admission valve is stoppable at a middle position to inject fuel at a low rate. The lower rate is accomplished by leaking some fuel to drain to reduce injection pressure. The admission valve is also stoppable at a fully open position to inject fuel at a high rate. Fuel injection events are ended, and the fuel injectors maintained between injection events, with the admission valve member in contact with a supply seat to close the high pressure supply passage. This strategy can be used in conjunction with a spring-biased needle valve member to expand fuel injector capabilities.

Abstract: A common rail fuel injector comprises a three-way control valve that controls the flow of high-pressure fuel to a fuel cavity for fuel injection. Specifically, when the control valve is transitioning to a first, on position, from a second, off position, high-pressure fuel is provided to both the fuel cavity and to a check control cavity, thereby preventing fuel injection until the control valve seats in the first, on position. Once seated in the first, on position, the control valve only provides high-pressure fuel to the fuel cavity allowing fuel injection to occur. To stop injection, the control valve is moved from the first, on position to the second, closed position. Once again, while the control valve is in the transition location between the two positions, high-pressure fuel is provided to both the fuel cavity and to the check control cavity thereby terminating injection.

Abstract: A fuel injector in an engine includes a spring cavity, a piston, a plunger, a spring, a fuel cavity, and a stop plate. The piston is hydraulically controlled to force the plunger down to compress fuel in the fuel cavity. However, under certain conditions, the plunger can contact the stop plate and/or the spring can become overcompressed. Both of these conditions can cause damage to the fuel injector. The present invention locates a pressure equalization channel in such a way as to dampen the motion of the piston to prevent this damage to the fuel injector.