Abstract: A bowel cleansing composition includes as a first cleansing ingredient, a specific sugar alcohol such as xylitol, sorbitol, etc., as a second cleansing ingredient glycerol, erythritol, threitol, arabitol, ribitol, mannitol, galactitol, fucitol, iditol, inositol, volemitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, maltotriitol, maltotetraitol, and polyglycitol, as a second cleansing ingredient ascorbic acid or a mixture of ascorbic acid and a salt of ascorbic acid, as a third cleansing ingredient picosulfate, and an aqueous solvent, wherein the concentration of the first cleansing ingredient is 10 g/L to 500 g/L based on the total composition, the concentration of the second cleansing ingredient is 15 g/L to 500 g/L based on the total composition, the concentration of the third cleansing ingredient is 1 mg/L to 100 mg/L based on the total composition, and the volume of the aqueous solvent is 0.1 L to 1.0 L.

Abstract: A protective film for polarizers, a polarizing plate including the same, and an optical display apparatus including the same. The polyester-based film is a polyester protective film, has a thickness of about 10 ?m to about 50 ?m and a refractive index difference (nx?ny) of about 0.01 or more (nx and ny being indexes of refraction of the protective film at a wavelength of about 550 nm in the slow axis direction and the fast axis direction of the protective film, respectively), and is a biaxially stretched film. The slow axis direction of the protective film is coincident with a transverse direction (TD) thereof and an angle of about 70° to about 90° is defined between an external optical axis of the protective film and a normal direction with respect to an in-plane direction of the protective film.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; a first retardation layer; and a second retardation layer, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer being sequentially laminated on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.03, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.98 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 220 nm to about 270 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, the second retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.1, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.96 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 130 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, and a ratio (Rth/d) of out-of-plane retardation (Rth, unit:nm) of the second retardation layer at a wavelength of about 550 nm to thickness (d, unit:?m) of the second retardation layer ranges from about ?33 nm/?m to about ?15 nm/?m.

Abstract: A computing device including a display screen is at a photolithography exposure facility. The facility includes one or more photolithography exposure apparatuses. The computing device is configured to display on the display screen: a status region including one or more status indicators, each status indicator associated with an ultraviolet (UV) light source configured to supply light to a respective photolithography exposure apparatus of the one or more photolithography apparatuses; a graph region including one or more graphs, each graph displaying information relating to the one or more status indicators; and a filtering region including one or more menu items selectable to control the information displayed in the status region and/or in the one or more graphs.

Abstract: A bowel cleansing composition includes as a first cleansing ingredient, a specific sugar alcohol such as xylitol, sorbitol, etc., as a second cleansing ingredient glycerol, erythritol, threitol, arabitol, ribitol, mannitol, galactitol, fucitol, iditol, inositol, volemitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, maltotriitol, maltotetraitol, and polyglycitol, as a second cleansing ingredient ascorbic acid or a mixture of ascorbic acid and a salt of ascorbic acid, as a third cleansing ingredient picosulfate, and an aqueous solvent, wherein the concentration of the first cleansing ingredient is 10 g/L to 500 g/L based on the total composition, the concentration of the second cleansing ingredient is 15 g/L to 500 g/L based on the total composition, the concentration of the third cleansing ingredient is 1 mg/L to 100 mg/L based on the total composition, and the volume of the aqueous solvent is 0.1 L to 1.0 L.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus are provided. A polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.03, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.98 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 180 nm to about 220 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, the second retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.1, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.96 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation Re of about 70 nm to about 120 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, and a ratio of out-of-plane retardation of the second retardation layer at a wavelength of 550 nm to thickness thereof is about ?33 nm/?m to about ?15 nm/?m.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there may be provided an operation method of a server for estimating the size of damage in disaster affected areas. In this instance, the operation method of the server may include acquiring at least one first disaster image, deriving an affected area from each of the at least one first disaster image, acquiring affected area related information through labeling based on the derived affected area, and training a first learning model using the at least one first disaster image and the affected area related information.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same are provided. A polarizing plate includes a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 180 nm to about 220 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm; and the second retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 100 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a modular building interior and exterior material unit which is combined to neighboring modular building interior and exterior material units to be used as an interior and exterior material in a building. The modular building interior and exterior material unit includes a pair of vertical frames which are symmetric, spaced apart from each other, and include seating frames at the side thereof which are protruded in a longitudinal direction, wherein the seating frames comprise seating grooves formed therein, at least one panel attached to the outside of the pair of vertical frames, at least one clip including one end combined to the side of the vertical frame and the other end inserted into a through hole formed on the vertical frame of the other neighboring modular building interior and exterior material unit, and gaskets which are protruded in a longitudinal direction along each side of the pair of vertical frames, combined to the seating grooves, and are formed of an elastic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is, inter alia, a method of producing a platinum alloy catalyst using a carbon protective layer. The method includes depositing a transition metal precursor on a Pt/C catalyst including a platinum component and a carbon carrier, placing carbon at the bottom of a reactor separately from the transition metal precursor-deposited Pt/C catalyst by a separation membrane; performing heat treatment on the inside of the; forming a Pt-M/C catalyst coated with a carbon protective layer by passing a gas product generated through thermal decomposition of the placed carbon through the separation membrane, and removing the carbon protective layer from the Pt-M/C catalyst by performing acid treatment on the carbon protective layer coated on the Pt-AMC catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing plate and an optical display device comprising same, the polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; and a stack body of a first phase difference layer and a second phase difference layer stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first phase difference layer satisfies Equation 1, the second phase difference layer satisfies Equation 2, the sum of an in-plane phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm between the first phase difference layer and the second phase difference layer is about 100 nm to about 110 nm, the sum of a thickness direction phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm between the first phase difference layer and the second phase difference layer is about ?30 nm to about +10 nm, and the second phase difference layer comprises a fluorine-based phase difference layer.

Abstract: Provided are an optical film, a polarizing plate including same, and a display device including same, the optical film comprising a first layer and second and third layers sequentially formed on the first layer, wherein the first layer and the third layer are each formed directly on the second layer, the first layer is a reverse wavelength dispersive negative A layer, the third layer is a positive C layer, and the ratio of the thickness of the second layer to the thickness of the third layer (the thickness of the second layer/the thickness of the third layer) is about 0.2 to about 2.

Abstract: Provided is a modular building interior and exterior material unit which is combined to neighboring modular building interior and exterior material units to be used as an interior and exterior material in a building. The modular building interior and exterior material unit includes a pair of vertical frames which are symmetric, spaced apart from each other, and include seating frames at the side thereof which are protruded in a longitudinal direction, wherein the seating frames comprise seating grooves formed therein, at least one panel attached to the outside of the pair of vertical frames, at least one clip including one end combined to the side of the vertical frame and the other end inserted into a through hole formed on the vertical frame of the other neighboring modular building interior and exterior material unit, and gaskets which are protruded in a longitudinal direction along each side of the pair of vertical frames, combined to the seating grooves, and are formed of an elastic material.

Abstract: An operation method of a server for identifying disaster affected areas. The operation method of the server may include acquiring at least one first disaster image; deriving an affected area from each of the at least one first disaster image and acquiring affected area related information through labeling based on the derived affected area; and training a first learning model using the at least one first disaster image and the affected area related information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bowel cleansing composition and, specifically, to a bowel cleansing composition that reduces the dosage required on the day of examination requiring bowel cleansing, thereby increasing safety. The composition is taken in divided doses the day before and on the day of the examination, and a total dosage taken on the day of the examination is 700 mL or less.

Abstract: A prediction apparatus is in communication with an optical source configured to produce a pulsed light beam for use by a photolithography exposure apparatus. The prediction apparatus includes: a photolithography module in communication with the photolithography exposure apparatus and configured to receive an identifier, the received identifier lacking data relating to an actual firing pattern defining properties of the pulsed light beam; and an optical source module in communication with the optical source, the optical source module configured to provide a forecast firing pattern to the optical source. The forecast firing pattern is associated with and determined from the received identifier, and forecasts one or more properties of the actual firing pattern.

Abstract: A nanowire catalyst for a fuel cell has a porous structure in which first and second pores having predetermined pore sizes are uniformly dispersed inside and on the surface thereof at a predetermined volume ratio. This enables the efficient exposure of active sites and efficient mass transfer, thereby improving fuel cell performance.

Abstract: A light emitting diode display apparatus includes: a substrate; a driving element region which is formed on the substrate and in which a plurality of driving elements are arranged in a matrix form; and an emitting element region in which a plurality of emitting elements are arranged in a matrix form, wherein the emitting element includes a first electrode which corresponds to each driving element and is electrically connected to each driving element, a second electrode corresponding to the first electrode, and an emitting layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein an area of the emitting element region is greater than an area of the driving element region.

Abstract: Provided are an anti-reflective film, a polarizing plate comprising same, and an optical display device comprising same, wherein in the anti-reflective film, a base layer, a high-refractive layer, and a low-refractive layer are sequentially stacked, the low-refractive layer comprising inorganic hollow particles having an average particle diameter of about 70 nm to about 150 nm, the low-refractive layer comprising a single layer arrangement of the inorganic hollow particles.

Abstract: A nanowire catalyst for a fuel cell has a porous structure in which first and second pores having predetermined pore sizes are uniformly dispersed inside and on the surface thereof at a predetermined volume ratio. This enables the efficient exposure of active sites and efficient mass transfer, thereby improving fuel cell performance.