Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; and a laminate of a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer, and a third retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first retardation layer may have a slow axis tilted at an angle of +40° to +50° or at an angle of ?50° to ?40° with respect to an absorption axis or a transmission axis of the polarizer, the slow axis of the first retardation layer is tilted at an angle of +80° to +100° or at an angle of ?100° to ?80° with respect to a slow axis of the second retardation layer, the first retardation layer exhibits positive wavelength dispersion and has an in-plane retardation of 50 nm to 100 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm, and the second retardation layer has positive wavelength dispersion or flat wavelength dispersion and an in-plane retardation of 180 nm to 240 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing plate and an optical display device comprising same, the polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; and a stack body of a first phase difference layer and a second phase difference layer stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first phase difference layer satisfies Equation 1, the second phase difference layer satisfies Equation 2, the sum of an in-plane phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm between the first phase difference layer and the second phase difference layer is about 100 nm to about 110 nm, the sum of a thickness direction phase difference at a wavelength of 550 nm between the first phase difference layer and the second phase difference layer is about ?30 nm to about +10 nm, and the second phase difference layer comprises a fluorine-based phase difference layer.

Abstract: An optical display includes an optical display element including a second substrate, a first substrate facing the second substrate, a dummy region and a metal interconnection layer thereon. A first polarizing plate on an upper surface of the optical display element has a light shielding layer therein including printed patterns separated from each other. A first printed layer includes a first point at an interface between the display and non-display regions and a second point at a vertex closest to the first point. A second printed layer includes a third point at the interface and a fourth point at a vertex closes to the third point. The light shielding layer satisfies H?P/2, where H is a minimum value among a distance from the interface to the second point and a distance from the interface to the fourth point, and P is a width of the dummy region.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and a display apparatus including the same. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer and a protective film stacked at least on one surface of the polarizer, wherein the polarizing plate includes at least a depolarization region in an in-plane direction thereof, and the depolarization region has a maximum absorbance of 0.5 to 1.5 in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 420 nm and a light transmittance ratio (ratio of light transmittance at a wavelength of 590 nm to light transmittance at a wavelength of 400 nm) of 1 to 2.

Abstract: A light emitting diode display apparatus includes: a substrate; a driving element region which is formed on the substrate and in which a plurality of driving elements are arranged in a matrix form; and an emitting element region in which a plurality of emitting elements are arranged in a matrix form, wherein the emitting element includes a first electrode which corresponds to each driving element and is electrically connected to each driving element, a second electrode corresponding to the first electrode, and an emitting layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein an area of the emitting element region is greater than an area of the driving element region.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same. The polarizing plate includes: a polarizer; a first retardation layer; and a second retardation layer, the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer being sequentially laminated on a lower surface of the polarizer, wherein the first retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.03, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.98 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 220 nm to about 270 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, the second retardation layer has a short wavelength dispersion of about 1 to about 1.1, a long wavelength dispersion of about 0.96 to about 1, and an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 130 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, and a ratio (Rth/d) of out-of-plane retardation (Rth, unit: nm) of the second retardation layer at a wavelength of about 550 nm to thickness (d, unit: ?m) of the second retardation layer ranges from about ?33 nm/?m to about ?15 nm/?m.

Abstract: Provided are a polarizing plate, a method of manufacturing same, and a display device including same. The polarizing plate comprises: a polarizer; a polarizer protective film disposed on at least one surface of the polarizer; an adhesive layer interposed between the polarizer and the polarizer protective film; and a print layer interposed between the polarizer and the polarizer protective film, and formed on at least a portion of the edge of the adhesive layer. The print layer comprises: a pigment; an organic resin binder; a reactive unsaturated compound; a photopolymerization initiator; and a solvent.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a carbon-metal organic framework composite includes: preparing a mixed solution comprising a metal ion precursor and an organic ligand precursor; forming a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) on a surface of a carbon support using the mixed solution; and carbonizing the MOF formed on the surface of the carbon support to form a Carbonized Metal-Organic Framework (C-MOF).

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display including the same are provided. A polarizing plate includes a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region and includes: a polarizer; and a bonding layer, a first polarizer protective film, and a functional coating layer sequentially stacked on a surface of the polarizer. The bonding layer includes a printed layer therein to correspond to the non-display region. The polarizing plate has a haze of about 0.1% to about 5% as measured on the functional coating layer and a reflectance difference of about 2.4% or less between the display region and the non-display region, or the polarizing plate has a haze of about 20% to about 40% as measured on the functional coating layer and a reflectance difference of about 1.5% or less between the display region and the non-display region.

Abstract: A polarizing plate and an optical display apparatus including the same are provided. A polarizing plate includes a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer sequentially stacked on a lower surface of the polarizer, and the first retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 180 nm to about 220 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm; and the second retardation layer has an in-plane retardation of about 80 nm to about 100 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle may include an engine controller that determines an activation state of an oxygen sensor when the engine controller is requested to operate an engine and controls a voltage applied to the oxygen sensor depending on whether or not the oxygen sensor is in an activated state, and a vehicle controller that controls a voltage of a battery of the hybrid vehicle and applies the voltage of the battery to the engine controller. The engine controller outputs an activation demand signal for the oxygen sensor to be activated to the vehicle controller when it is determined that the oxygen sensor is not in the activated state.

Abstract: A sooty smoke filter regeneration control system of a hybrid vehicle, includes an engine, a sooty smoke filter installed in an exhaust line through which exhaust gas from the engine passes, and filtering out sooty smoke included in the exhaust gas; a temperature sensor installed in the front end of the sooty smoke filter, and measuring a temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the front end of the sooty smoke filter; an engine controller controlling a temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the sooty smoke filter and to control fuel injection of the engine, based on information associated with a grade of a road on which a vehicle is to drive; and a hybrid control unit controlling an engine clutch disposed between the engine and a motor that assists the engine in association with engine output, in response to a request from the engine controller.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device comprising same, the polarizing plate comprising: a polarizer; and a first retardation layer and a second retardation layer formed on one surface of the polarizer, wherein the first retardation layer has a thickness direction retardation (Rth) of about ?75 nm to about ?130 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, the second retardation layer satisfies Relations 1 and 2, a laminated body of the first retardation layer and the second retardation layer has a thickness direction retardation (Rth) of about ?70 nm to about 0 nm at a wavelength of about 550 nm, and the first retardation layer includes a coating layer formed of a composition containing a cellulose ester-based compound.

Abstract: A bowel cleansing composition includes as a first cleansing ingredient, a specific sugar alcohol such as xylitol, sorbitol, etc., as a second cleansing ingredient glycerol, erythritol, threitol, arabitol, ribitol, mannitol, galactitol, fucitol, iditol, inositol, volemitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, maltotriitol, maltotetraitol, and polyglycitol, as a second cleansing ingredient ascorbic acid or a mixture of ascorbic acid and a salt of ascorbic acid, as a third cleansing ingredient picosulfate, and an aqueous solvent, wherein the concentration of the first cleansing ingredient is 10 g/L to 500 g/L based on the total composition, the concentration of the second cleansing ingredient is 15 g/L to 500 g/L based on the total composition, the concentration of the third cleansing ingredient is 1 mg/L to 100 mg/L based on the total composition, and the volume of the aqueous solvent is 0.1 L to 1.0 L.

Abstract: Provided are an anti-reflective film, a polarizing plate comprising same, and an optical display device comprising same, wherein in the anti-reflective film, a base layer, a high-refractive layer, and a low-refractive layer are sequentially stacked, the low-refractive layer comprising inorganic hollow particles having an average particle diameter of about 70 nm to about 150 nm, the low-refractive layer comprising a single layer arrangement of the inorganic hollow particles.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for a hydrostatic transmission includes a cooling body to be coupled with a hydrostatic transmission, a sidewall member protruding from the cooling body to surround a cooling flow path which cools a working fluid supplied from the hydrostatic transmission and discharges the working fluid into the hydrostatic transmission or a storage tank, an installing member protruding from the cooling body at a position spaced apart from the sidewall member to be disposed inside the sidewall member, a detour member connected to the installing member and protruding from the cooling body to extend in a first axial direction to allow the working fluid, which flows along the cooling flow path, to make a detour, and a plurality of protruding members protruding from the cooling body to be spaced apart from each of the sidewall member, the installing member, and the detour member in the cooling flow path.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a propulsion apparatus of liquid propellant rocket engine. The propulsion apparatus of liquid propellant rocket engine, the propulsion apparatus including: a body in which liquid propellant flows; an injector core located inside the body; at least one outlet connected to the injector core to discharge combustion gas; and an injector for discharging the liquid propellant flowing into the body, wherein the injector is located in an area adjacent to the outlet, wherein the liquid propellant moves between a frame of the body and a frame of the injector core.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a target for aerial survey transformable to hand-fan shape. In this instance, the target includes a central axis, a first identification marker with one end connected to the central axis and having a first length outwards, and a second identification marker with one end connected to the central axis and having a second length outwards, the second identification marker disposed on the first identification marker, wherein the second length is shorter than the first length, the first identification marker includes a plurality of first unit areas having a predetermined angle therebetween with respect to the central axis, and the plurality of first unit areas has an overlap between adjacent first unit areas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polarizing plate including a polarizer and a polyester film formed on an upper side of the polarizer, wherein the polyester film has a maximum thermal shrink angle of about 10° or less, and any one of a refractive index of x-axis direction nx at a wavelength of 550 nm and a refractive index of y-axis direction ny at a wavelength of 550 nm of about 1.65 or more; a method of preparing the polarizing plate; and a liquid crystal display apparatus comprising the polarizing plate.

Abstract: Provided are an optical film, a polarizing plate including same, and a display device including same, the optical film comprising a first layer and second and third layers sequentially formed on the first layer, wherein the first layer and the third layer are each formed directly on the second layer, the first layer is a reverse wavelength dispersive negative A layer, the third layer is a positive C layer, and the ratio of the thickness of the second layer to the thickness of the third layer (the thickness of the second layer/the thickness of the third layer) is about 0.2 to about 2.