Abstract: An active-matrix liquid crystal display device having a pair of substrates at least one of which is transparent, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates, a group of electrodes for applying to the liquid crystal layer an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate plane and a plural number of active elements being formed on one of the pair of substrates and an alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the pair of substrates. The alignment layer is a photo-reactive material layer, and the photo-reactive material layer is a photo-reactive alignment layer which has been subjected to linearly polarized light irradiation to selectively derive a photochemical reaction and a tilt angle of liquid crystal molecules on the alignment layer surface of the substrate is 3° or less.

Abstract: In an active matrix display device utilizing electro-optical elements such as organic EL elements capable of obtaining a high image quality with a low power, each pixel circuit is provided with: a sampling circuit for sampling a signal voltage on a signal wiring line synchronously with a scan pulse; a reference voltage; and a comparator circuit. In the pixel circuit, the sampled signal voltage is compared with the reference voltage and the display time of each EL device is controlled by the period until the relation between the signal voltage and reference voltage is inverted, to thereby control the light emission time in one frame period.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semi-conductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A device for producing a color filter includes a part for storing a solution in which a light transmitting material is dissolved, a part for feeding the solution to a tip of a flying electrode, a part for applying a voltage between the tip of the flying electrode and an electro-conductive material of a color filter substrate so as to form an electrostatic field, and a part for relatively shifting the tip of the flying electrode and the color filter substrate to a perpendicular direction and to a horizontal direction. The solution is formed into a stringy beam which is let to fly onto the color filter substrate so that the solution is injected into a concavity formed and surrounded by a black matrix on the color filter substrate, and forms red, green and blue light emitting layers.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: This invention provides a production device of organic EL display which can form uniform organic light emitting layer for red-, green- and blue-colored light evenly and in a high reliability for every pixel and can make a full color display.

Abstract: In an active matrix display device utilizing electro-optical elements such as organic EL elements capable of obtaining a high image quality with a low power, each pixel circuit is provided with: a sampling circuit for sampling a signal voltage on a signal wiring line synchronously with a scan pulse; a reference voltage; and a comparator circuit. In the pixel circuit, the sampled signal voltage is compared with the reference voltage and the display time of each EL device is controlled by the period until the relation between the signal voltage and reference voltage is inverted, to thereby control the light emission time in one frame period.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display has pixels in domains surrounded by data signal lines and scanning signal lines. Each of the pixels has a voltage holding device for a positive polarity and a voltage holding device for a negative polarity, two lines of voltage holding interconnections which always apply a maximum voltage and a minimum voltage of a voltage applied to the data signal lines formed for holding the voltage, and a switching device for switching between outputs from the voltage holding devices. One time or more within one frame time period thereof, the switching is performed between the voltage holding device for a positive polarity and the voltage holding device for a negative polarity.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semi-conductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A composition containing a high-molecular compound having as a photo-crosslinkable group any of a cinnamoyl group, a cinnamylidene group, a chalcone residual group, an isocoumarin residual group, a 2,5-dimethoxystilbene residual group, a thymine residual group, a styrylpyridinium residual group, an &agr;-phenylmaleimide residual group, an anthracene residual group and a 2-pyrone residual group, or an aromatic bisazide, is cross-linked by light irradiation via a mask to cure the composition in a prescribed pattern to form photoemission layers.

Abstract: An ink jet printer is of a small size and is capable of printing high-quality images, wherein an ink with a colorant dispersed in a solvent is ejected in a direction lower than a horizontal level and is adhered to a surface of a recording medium. The recording medium is conveyed while being spaced a constant distance from ink ejecting electrodes, thereby stabilizing an electric field induced between the ink ejecting electrodes and the recording medium and stabilizing the amount of the ink ejected.

Abstract: Improving low power consumption is provided. A multilayer structure of a first electrode and an organic light-emitting layer plus a second electrode is formed on a liquid crystal-side surface of one substrate of respective substrates that are disposed to oppose each other with a layer of liquid crystals interposed therebetween, featuring that the organic light-emitting layer emits light rays in a way responsive to receipt of a current which is caused to flow between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention aims at the suppression of the generation of heat in an organic electroluminescent display. To achieve such an object, the organic electroluminescent display includes a transparent substrate, an organic light emitting layer which is formed on a back surface side of the transparent substrate, electric current supply means which makes the electric current flow through the organic light emitting layer, a housing which covers at least the organic light emitting layer and is sealed to the transparent substrate, and heat radiation material in a liquid form which is filled in a space formed between the housing and the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal active matrix display device includes a first substrate having a thin film transistor formed thereon. A light-screening film 1 is located on the first substrate in a manner to be overlapped with an ITO. The display device includes a second substrate having a color filter and a light-screening film 2 formed thereon. The second substrate is opposed to the first substrate. The light-screening film 2 extends from the uncontrollable area by a certain value depending on a voltage from the external, resulting in improving a numerical aperture.

Abstract: A printer device includes a plurality of discharge electrodes provided in a slit to which ink containing charged pigment particles is supplied, a plurality of opposing electrodes opposing the plurality of discharge electrodes, a pulse electric field applicator for forming a pulse electric field between the plurality of discharge electrodes and the plurality of opposing electrodes, and auxiliary electrodes. The auxiliary electrodes are provided at both sides of respective ones of the plurality of discharge electrodes, and a high or low potential is applied to the auxiliary electrodes so as to cancel out an electric interaction between respective ones of the plurality of discharge electrodes.