Abstract: An oxygen generation electrode includes, a conductive layer including a salt of stannic acid, the salt of stannic acid having a perovskite structure, a light absorption layer disposed on the conductive layer, and a catalyst layer disposed on the light absorption layer, the catalyst layer including an oxide having a perovskite structure and being responsible for an oxygen evolution reaction, the conductive layer being doped to degeneracy with impurities, the light absorption layer forming a Type-II heterojunction with the conductive layer, the catalyst layer being doped to degeneracy with impurities, the upper end of the valence band of the catalyst layer being higher than the upper end of the valence band of the light absorption layer.

Abstract: A carbon-dioxide-reducing film includes, an electrically conductive material, a carbon-dioxide adsorbent, and a proton-permeable high-molecular-weight material. The electrically conductive material includes at least one selected from a group consisting of carbon nanotubes, nanographenes, and carbon paper.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element includes a p-type film having a perovskite structure, the p-type film including Co; an n-type film having a perovskite structure, the n-type film including Ti; first and second i-type films configured to be arranged to face each other across the n-type film, the first and second i-type films having a perovskite structure and including Ti; and a barrier film configured to be interposed between a multilayer body and the p-type film, the barrier film having a perovskite structure and including Zr, the multilayer body including the n-type film and the first and second i-type films.

Abstract: A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing t gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Abstract: A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes: an optical absorption layer; a catalyst layer for oxygen evolution reaction over the optical absorption layer; and a conducting layer over the catalyst layer. A valance band maximum of the catalyst layer is higher than a valance band maximum of the optical absorption layer. A work function of the conducting layer is larger than a work function of the catalyst layer.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes a conductive oxide. Fermi energy of the conductive oxide is higher than a first energy minimum of a first band having a lowest energy and is lower than a second energy minimum of a second band having a higher energy than the first band among bands whose curvatures are positive in reciprocal space. The first energy minimum and the second energy minimum are at the same point of wave vector. A difference between the second energy minimum and the first energy minimum is not less than 1 eV nor more than 3 eV, and is smaller than a difference between the first energy minimum and an energy maximum of a band having a highest energy among bands whose curvatures are negative.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide-reduction device including an anode, a liquid-retaining film capable of retaining an electrolytic solution, a proton-permeable membrane, and a cathode, wherein the cathode includes a metal-containing member and an adsorbent, where the metal-containing member includes a metal capable of reducing carbon dioxide and has pores through which carbon dioxide can pass in a thickness direction of the metal-containing member, and the adsorbent is capable of adsorbing carbon dioxide, and is disposed at a surface of the metal-containing member at a side of which the proton-permeable membrane is present.

Abstract: A photoexcitable material includes: a solid solution of MN (where M is at least one of gallium, aluminum and indium) and ZnO, wherein the photoexcitable material includes 30 to 70 mol % ZnO and has a band gap energy of 2.20 eV or less.

Abstract: A photoexcitation material includes: a wurtzite type solid solution crystal containing gallium, zinc, nitrogen and oxygen, wherein a peak (A) of an existence ratio of nitrogen or oxygen which is a first adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc and a peak (B) of an existence ratio of gallium or zinc which is a second adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc satisfy a relational expression of A>B in a relationship between a distance and the existence ratio of the adjacent atom of the gallium or zinc, the relationship being obtained from an extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes: an electrically conductive layer; and a photoexcitation material layer provided over the electrically conductive layer and including a photoexcitation material, wherein the photoexcitation material layer is one of a first photoexcitation material layer in which a potential of the conduction band minimum decreases from a second surface opposite to a first surface on the side of the electrically conductive layer toward the first surface and a second photoexcitation material layer in which a potential of the valence band maximum decreases from the second surface toward the first surface.

Abstract: A photochemical electrode includes: an electrically-conductive layer; and a photo-excited material layer including a photo-excited material provided over the electrically-conductive layer, wherein in a surface of the photo-excited material layer, a lattice plane having highest atomic density in a crystal structure of the photo-excited material is oriented in a surface direction of the surface of the photo-excited material layer.

Abstract: A multilayer thin-film structure has a layered structure with an alternative stacking series of a first layer of a first oxide semiconductor and a second layer of a second oxide semiconductor different from the first oxide semiconductor, wherein the layered structure has one or more band gaps including a range of 1.3 eV to 1.5 eV.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element includes: a first film including a perovskite structure; a second film and a third film, including a perovskite structure, disposed in such a manner that the first film is interposed between the second film and the third film; a fourth film, including a perovskite structure, disposed so as to interpose the second film with the first film; and a fifth film, including a perovskite structure, disposed so as to interpose the third film with the first film, wherein an offset in conduction band between the first film and the second film and an offset in conduction band between the first film and the third film is less than 0.25 eV, and an offset in conduction band between the second film and the fourth film and an offset in conduction band between the third film and the fifth film is more than 1 eV.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element includes a p-type film having a perovskite structure, the p-type film including Co; an n-type film having a perovskite structure, the n-type film including Ti; first and second i-type films configured to be arranged to face each other across the n-type film, the first and second i-type films having a perovskite structure and including Ti; and a barrier film configured to be interposed between a multilayer body and the p-type film, the barrier film having a perovskite structure and including Zr, the multilayer body including the n-type film and the first and second i-type films.

Abstract: A thermoelectric generator includes: a substrate; a thermoelectric conversion film on the substrate; a thermally insulating film that covers the thermoelectric conversion film; a first heat transfer material that transfers a first heat above the thermally insulating film to a first portion of the thermoelectric conversion film; and a second heat transfer material that transfers a second heat below the substrate to a second portion of the thermoelectric conversion film, the second portion being separated from the first portion.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element includes: a first layer of perovskite-type oxide has conductivity or semiconductivity; a second layer of perovskite-type oxide that is disposed in contact with the first layer in a stacking direction; and an electrode disposed on a surface of the second layer, wherein the second layer has a band gap larger than a band gap of the first layer and has transition lines penetrating through the second layer in a film thickness direction or a transition line network.

Abstract: An adsorbent includes: activated carbon; and a hydrophilic polymer coated on an outer surface of the activated carbon. And an adsorption-type heat pump includes: an evaporator configured to evaporate a liquid adsorbate to form a gas adsorbate; a condenser connected to the evaporator to condense a gas adsorbate to form a liquid adsorbate; and two adsorbers connected to the evaporator and the condenser, each adsorber including an adsorbent to adsorb/desorb the adsorbate, wherein the adsorbent includes: activated carbon; and a hydrophilic polymer coated on an outer surface of the activated carbon.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a capacitor includes forming, above a first metal foil, a first dielectric film of a ceramic material containing barium oxide by blowing dry ceramic particles to the first metal foil from a nozzle, forming, in the first dielectric film, a first via conductor connected to the first metal foil and a second via conductor connected to the first metal foil, forming, above the first dielectric film, a first electrode pattern connected to the first via conductor, and patterning the first metal foil to form a second electrode pattern connected to the second via conductor.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a capacitor, includes: accelerating conductor particles by ejecting the conductor particles together with gas, each surface of the conductor particles covered with a dielectric entirety; fixing the conductor particles to a substrate with the surface of the conductor particles still covered with the dielectric entirely by colliding the conductor particles with the substrate; and sandwiching a deposited film formed of the conductor particles fixed to the substrate between electrodes.