Abstract: Disclosed are: (1) a method for producing 2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanal, which comprises the step of providing a reaction mixture containing 1-acetoxy-2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propene by a process for reacting 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene with 2-methyl-3,3-diacetoxypropene or a process for reacting 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene, methacrolein and acetic anhydride with one another; subjecting the reaction mixture to hydrolysis or transesterification with an alcohol to provide a reaction mixture containing 2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanal; and purifying by distilling the reaction mixture, wherein a high boiling point compound contained in the reaction mixture is removed by a specific procedure; and (2) 2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-propanal produced by the method, which has an acetic acid content of a less than 40 ppm, is useful as a perfume, and has a high purity.

Abstract: The invention provides agents that promote or inhibit neurite elongation comprising as an active ingredient an antibody that recognizes a varicella-zoster virus immediate-early protein and cross-reacts with a brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The invention also provides methods of utilizing such agents to prevent or treat a nervous disease or a disease with nerve hypersensitivity caused by a condition selected from the group consisting of postherpetic neuralgia, chronic pains, experience-dependent social aversion and stress.

Abstract: The present invention relates to [1] a method for keeping a quality of 2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanal useful as a perfume, which comprises incorporating from 50 to 3000 ppm of 1-acetyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene in the 2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanal; [2] a process for producing 2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanal having a content range from 50 to 3000 ppm of 1-acetyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene; and [3] 2-methyl-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propanal having a content range from 50 to 3000 ppm of 1-acetyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene.

Abstract: An ultrathin cross-roller bearing composed of outer and inner rings, more than one roller rolling through between the outer and inner rings, and a separator interposed between any two adjoining rollers. With the ultrathin cross-roller bearing constructed as stated earlier, the separator lying between the adjoining rollers is in the form of right cylinder better for keeping constantly the roller in proper posture, getting the bearing itself downsized and lightweight as small as possible, and further making sure of positive lubrication. The outer and inner rings are each made into one-piece construction. The inner ring has an inside diameter in a range of from 20 mm to 50 mm. The roller used in the ultrathin cross-roller bearing has a diameter of 2 mm to render a transverse section given by a product of a radial height and a bearing width in transverse section small or ultrathin in thickness.

Abstract: A clutch mechanism for a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission in which a high pressure oil path and a low pressure oil path are shortened to change-over a transmittance of power. A spring sheet is provided of which manufacturing and assembling are simple and the number of component parts is reduced. This clutch mechanism for a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission includes a cam plate member arranged at the end part of the transmission shaft, a roller engaged with the cam plate member and moved in a diametrical outward direction with a centrifugal force, a roller bearing member slid axially through an outward motion of the roller, a spring sheet member for biasing the roller bearing member toward the roller, and a spring sheet member for supporting the spring member. The spring sheet member is held by said cam plate member and said casing and is supported.

Abstract: A lubricating structure for a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission. The structure includes an oil path arranged at an outer circumferential side of a clutch valve, and a lubricant oil ejection hole communicating with the outer circumferential side oil path of the clutch valve and formed in the transmission shaft toward the outer circumference of the transmission shaft. In addition, the structure includes a communicating oil path that is also formed in the transmission shaft for communicating between an oil feeding passage communicating with an lubricant oil feeding source and the outer circumferential oil path of the clutch valve. A single orifice is arranged in the communicating oil path, rather than in the lubricant oil ejection hole. This configuration provides for efficient manufacturing and a high degree of freedom in setting of the lubricant oil ejection hole.

Abstract: A clutch mechanism for a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission has a hydraulic circuit including a high pressure oil path for feeding working oil from a hydraulic pump to a hydraulic motor and a low pressure oil path for feeding working oil from the hydraulic motor to the hydraulic pump. The clutch mechanism is located between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor. A clutch valve is arranged on the transmission shaft and is slid by a centrifugal governor to cause the oil paths to be shortened. A cam plate member is arranged on the transmission shaft. A roller is engaged with the cam plate member and is moved outwardly in a diametrical direction by a centrifugal force. A roller bearing member receives a roller pressing force through outward motion of the roller. A pressure plate and shaft of the roller bearing member are separately formed and thereafter integrally formed.

Abstract: A hydrostatic continuously variable transmission includes a swash plate type plunger hydraulic pump and a swash plate type plunger hydraulic motor connected via a hydraulic closed circuit, an inclined angle of a swash plate of the hydraulic motor is variably controlled for continuous shift control. A lock-up mechanism closes the hydraulic closed circuit to make lockup executed when the quantity of oil that flows from the hydraulic pump into the hydraulic motor decreases according to variable control over the inclined angle of the swash plate. The input rotation of the hydraulic pump and the output rotation of the hydraulic motor are substantially synchronous. The lock-up mechanism is operated when lockup control oil pressure is applied and closes the hydraulic closed circuit.

Abstract: A hydrostatic continuously variable transmission is configured by connecting a swash plate type plunger hydraulic pump P and a swash plate type plunger hydraulic motor via a hydraulic closed circuit. A continuous shift control is executed by variably controlling an inclined angle of the swash plate of the hydraulic motor. A valve spool movably arranged in a spool hole axially extends in a shaft that supports the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor and is configured by coupling a first spool member provided with a guide land fitted in a guide member and a second spool member provided with a central land and a left land and provided with a valve that connects and cuts off a clutch oil passage on the high pressure side and a clutch oil passage on the low pressure side according to axial movement by a coupling pin.

Abstract: A shaft member coupling structure includes first and second spool members rockably coupled in a condition wherein the spool members coaxially extend with a coupling part in the center, a fitting concave portion axially extends and is formed at the end of the first spool member and a fitting convex portion axially extends and can be fitted into the fitting concave portion and is formed at the end of the second spool member. A coupling pin is inserted into first and second coupling holes. Further, an annular holding groove concave in a circumferential direction is formed in a part in which the coupling hole is formed on the periphery of the first spool member, both ends of the coupling pin inserted into the coupling holes are covered with a ring fitted into the holding groove. Thus, the coupling pin is prevented from falling away.

Abstract: To provide a short connection hydraulic path structure with a sufficiently large diameter to adequately lower the pressure in a high-pressure hydraulic path while the clutch is off, in a static hydraulic continuously variable transmission for sliding a clutch valve installed within the transmission shaft, to change the power being transmitted and shorten the high-pressure hydraulic path and low-pressure hydraulic path. A high-pressure fluid path is provided for sending hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump side to the hydraulic motor side with a low-pressure fluid path for sending hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic motor side to the hydraulic pump side. A hydraulic circuit includes a switching valve for switching the plungers to the high-pressure path or the low-pressure path as a dual structure within a valve body between the hydraulic pump made from multiple plungers, and a hydraulic motor made from multiple motors.

Abstract: A wiring pattern-forming apparatus, includes a transfer plate 15 for transferring a wiring material 11 arranged to form a wiring pattern onto a substrate 10, a wiring material feeder 2 for feeding the wiring material 11 onto the transfer plate 15, and an energy feeder 6, 7 to feed energy to the wiring material 11 fed to the transfer plate 15 by the wiring material feeder 6. By utilizing the energy fed from the energy feeder 6, 7, the viscosity of the wiring material 11 when the material 11 is fed from the material feeder 2 to the transfer plate 15 is made different from that of the wiring material 11 when the material 11 is transferred from the transfer plate 15 to the substrate 10.

Abstract: In a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission, a hydraulic pump is linked to a hydraulic motor by a hydraulic closed circuit to change the capacity of the hydraulic motor so as to change the speed of a motorcycle continuously. A clutch device comprising a clutch valve for connecting and disconnecting a high pressure side oil passage and a low pressure side oil passage constituting the hydraulic closed circuit. A governor mechanism for generating governor force corresponding to the input rotation speed of the hydraulic pump and applying this governor force in the closing direction of the clutch valve. A spring for giving urging force in the opening direction of the clutch valve, and a buffer mechanism having a variable oil chamber and an oil pool chamber for easing the opening and closing movements of the clutch valve activated according to the governor force and the urging force.

Abstract: A clutch mechanism for a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission in which a high pressure oil path and a low pressure oil path are shortened to change-over a transmittance of power. A spring sheet is provided of which manufacturing and assembling are simple and the number of component parts is reduced. This clutch mechanism for a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission includes a cam plate member arranged at the end part of the transmission shaft, a roller engaged with the cam plate member and moved in a diametrical outward direction with a centrifugal force, a roller bearing member slid axially through an outward motion of the roller, a spring sheet member for biasing the roller bearing member toward the roller, and a spring sheet member for supporting the spring member. The spring sheet member is held by said cam plate member and said casing and is supported.

Abstract: The compounds represented by the formula (I) are produced by reacting benzene compound of the formula (IV) or (V) with alkenylidene diacetate of the formula (VI) in the presence of a catalyst comprising one or more members selected from (a) halogenated boron compounds, (b) triflate compounds of Group 11 elements, (c) halogenated compounds of Group 12 elements, and (d) triflate and halogenated compounds of tin and atomic numbers 58 and 66 to 71 elements. R1, R2=H or C1–C10 alkyl group A=Substituted phenyl group corresponding to a compound of formula (IV) or (V), R3, R4=H or C1–C4 alkyl group, m=0 or 1–4, n=1 to 5, k=1 or 2.

Abstract: A disclosed bonded structure includes a first electric structure having a first electrode, a second electric structure having a second electrode, and a middle section for electrically and mechanically bonding the first electrode and the second electrode. The middle section consists of conductive adhesives, wherein fusion bonding of metal particles is provided to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. The metal particles are capable of fusion bonding at a temperature lower than a thermal hardening temperature of the conductive adhesives. The conductive adhesives contain conductive filler pieces that have a particle size at which fusion bonding does not take place at a temperature lower than the thermal hardening temperature of the conductive adhesives.

Abstract: A power unit includes an engine and a static hydraulic continuously variable transmission with a swash plate type hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor, which are connected via a hydraulic pressure closing circuit. This power unit drives the hydraulic pump to rotate with the engine and performs swash plate angle control of the hydraulic motor. A crankshaft mechanism of the engine and a rotating mechanism of the static hydraulic continuously variable transmission are housed in a transmission housing. A cylinder of the engine is integrated with the transmission housing, and a swash plate control motor for swash plate angle control of the hydraulic motor is positioned at an area adjacent a root of the cylinder in the transmission housing.

Abstract: In a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission, a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor are connected through a hydraulic closed circuit and the capacity of the hydraulic motor is varied to vary the speed continuously. The transmission has a valve spool in a spool hole made in a transmission output shaft which rotatably holds the hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor; and the transmission output shaft incorporates outer branch oil paths which are connected with an outer passage and open to the spool hole, and an inner branch oil path which is connected with an inner passage and open to the spool hole.

Abstract: A hydrostatic continuously variable transmission includes a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor, supported by a common support shaft, and hydraulically connectable to each other through a hydraulic circuit including an inside passage and an outside passage. A clutch device includes a valve spool, which is slidably disposed in a hollow internal bore formed in the transmission support shaft. The valve spool is operable to make or interrupt fluid communication between the inside passage and the outside passage, according to the movement thereof. A governor mechanism is mounted to a pump casing of the hydraulic pump, and the governor mechanism generates a governor force corresponding to the rotating speed of a clutch cap, by use of centrifugal force generated by the rotation thereof. The valve spool is effectively moved in the hollow internal bore, using the governor force generated from the governor mechanism, to engage or disengage the clutch.

Abstract: A lubricating structure for a static hydraulic continuously variable transmission includes a central oil path axially formed at a center of a shaft of the transmission. A circumferential oil path is arranged at an inner circumferential part of a retainer between the retainer and an outer circumferential part of the transmission shaft. A diametrical oil path is in communication with the circumferential oil path and the central oil path of the shaft of said transmission. The diametrical oil path is provided with an orifice. A lubricant oil ejection hole is arranged at the retainer to eject lubricant oil from the circumferential oil path.