Abstract: A novel method is proposed for the preparation of a transparent fused silica glass body co-doped with a rare earth element and aluminum each in a high uniformity of the dopant distribution. The method comprises the steps of: (a) flame-hydrolyzing a silicon compound and an aluminum compound in an oxyhydrogen flame to form a porous silicon oxide body containing aluminum; (b) soaking the porous body having a specified bulk density with a solution of a rare earth compound; (c) drying the solution-soaked porous body; and (d) sintering and vitrifying the dried porous body into a transparent glass body.

Abstract: In a constant voltage circuit, when a second resistor element is inserted between the base and collector of a first transistor and between the other terminal of a first resistor element and the base of a second transistor, a basic equation for calculating a bandgap voltage reference can be calculated free from a base-emitter voltage of the third transistor. Therefore, since a change in base-emitter voltage on the basis of a change in current flowing through the third transistor does not appear as an output voltage, the output voltage can be stabilized.

Abstract: In a hysteresis comparator for comparing an input Vin1 with another input Vin2, the comparator comprises a pair of first and second transistors. The gate of the first transistor is supplied with the input Vin1 and the gate of the second transistor is supplied with the input Vin2. Their collectors are connected to a power supply. The emitter of the first transistor is connected to a first current source and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to a second current source. The comparator further comprises a circuit for detecting an emitter voltage difference between the first and second transistors and varying at least one of the first and second current sources. Therefore, the hysteresis width can be determined by the collector current ratio of specific transistors, regardless of the absolute values of their collector currents.

Abstract: An electron emission element includes an electrically insulation member made from an anodic oxidation film and having an upper surface, a lower surface and a plurality of pores. Each pore has an opening in the upper surface of the insulation member. An electron emission member is disposed in each of the pores of the insulation member. The emission member is made from conductive material and has a pointed end directed toward the opening of the pore. An electrode is disposed around an upper portion of each of the pores. The electrode is separated from the electron emission member disposed in the pore.

Abstract: An amplifier comprises a first transistor of first polarity type having its emitter connected to a first input terminal and its base and collector connected to a second input terminal, a second transistor of second polarity type having its base connected to the second input terminal, its collector connected to a first potential supply terminal and its emitter connected to a second potential supply terminal through a first current source, a third transistor of first polarity type having its base connected to the emitter of the second transistor, its collector connected to the second potential supply terminal and its emitter connected to an output terminal, and a fourth transistor of second polarity type having its base connected to the first input terminal, its collector connected to the first potential supply terminal and its emitter connected to the output terminal, wherein the first to fourth transistors constitute a push-pull output circuit.

Abstract: In a long-distance high-speed optical communication scheme in which multiple optical amplifiers are provided at a large number of stages in optical fibers, an optical signal from a light source which has a desired small line width and oscillates at a single wavelength is modulated at a high speed by an external modulator and then transmitted in the fibers which are dispersion shifted optical fibers, the zero-dispersion wavelength in which is set to be larger than the oscillation wavelength of the light source. Therefore, noises and the modulation instability, which would occur due to the phase fluctuation in the oscillation wavelength of the light source, and the influence of a waveform distortion due to the dispersion in the optical fibers can be avoided to make it possible for the first time in history to transmit the optical signals at the high-speed in the long-distance optical communication system employing the optical amplifiers.

Abstract: A power train for vehicles having a swashplate type continuously variable transmission having a swashplate hydraulic pump and a swashplate hydraulic motor, a transmission cylinder therebetween with a plurality of pump plunger holes and motor plunger holes formed therein. The transmission cylinder is rotatable about an axis and is coupled with the crankshaft of the engine. The pump swashplate is rotatable and disposed at an angle to the axis of the transmission cylinder and is coupled with pump plungers. A motor swashplate which is variably inclined relative to the axis of the cylinder and includes motor plungers associated with the cylinder.

Abstract: In a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission in which a clutch valve capable of operating between a clutch-on position for setting a hydraulic closed circuit between a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor to a hydraulic transmitting state and a clutch-off position for setting the hydraulic closed circuit to a hydraulic transmission cutting-off state is connected to the hydraulic closed circuit, a pressure bearing chamber for urging the clutch valve to the clutch-off position, and a pressure regulating spring for urging the valve to the clutch-on position are provided in the clutch valve, and a clutch controller for regulating the set load of the pressure regulating spring is connected to the pressure regulating spring. Thus, the degree of the hydraulic transmission between the pump and the motor can be controlled as desired without influence of the viscous change of a working oil. The clutch valve is disposed at one axial end of a transmission shaft.

Abstract: An extruding die for metallic materials comprising a male die and a female die is provided with a billet-receiving face of the male die shaped into convex form. It is possible to reduce breakage frequency of the extruding die by reducing the tensile stress applied on the male die at the time of the extrusion.

Abstract: A shift control device in a hydrostatic continuously variable transmission in which a hydraulic closed circuit is formed between a swash plate type hydraulic pump and a swash plate type hydraulic motor, and a swash plate holder for supporting a motor swash plate of the hydraulic motor is tiltably supported on a stationary structure through a trunnion shaft fixedly mounted on the swash plate, wherein a drive shaft of a reversible electric motor is connected to the trunnion shaft through a reduction device which is constructed so that it transmits the rotation of the electric motor to the trunnion shaft at a reduced speed, but is brought into a locked state upon receipt of a reverse load from the trunnion shaft. This enables light adjustment of the tilting angle of the motor swash plate by use of a small-sized electric motor and reliable holding of the motor swash plate in a position at any angle.

Abstract: A current mirror circuit which comprises a current input terminal, a current output terminal, an input-current supplying section, a first transistor, and a second transistor. The input-current supplying section supplies an input current to the current input terminal. The first transistor has a collector coupled to the current input terminal, an emitter coupled to a first power-supply potential terminal, and a base. The second transistor has a collector connected to the current output terminal, an emitter coupled to the first power-potential terminal, and a base connected to the base of the first transistor. The current mirror circuit further comprises a third transistor and a current mirror section. The third transistor a collector, a base coupled to the collector of the first transistor, and an emitter coupled to the first power-supply potential terminal.

Abstract: A static hydraulic continuously variable transmission includes a cylinder block which is secured to an output shaft and comprises a pump cylinder of a hydraulic pump and a motor cylinder of a hydraulic motor, these cylinders being connected to each other, wherein, a number of pump cylinder bores and a number of motor cylinder bores are annularly arranged respectively in the pump cylinder and the motor cylinder and the transferring of a working oil between the group of the pump cylinder bores and the group of the motor cylinder bores is conducted through the medium of a pair of oil chambers which are concentrically provided around the output shaft communincation between these cylinder bores is controlled by a number of first and second dispensing valves extending between both the oil chambers and adapted to be reciprocally radially moved.

Abstract: A clutch having a centrifugal clutch mechanism coupled in series with a controlled clutch mechanism to provide automatic clutching for starting and controlled clutching for gear shifting. A clutch pressure plate is coupled with a clutch release member for actuating the clutch. The clutch further includes a lock plate which is positioned around the clutch release member to engage same when tilted. An actuator directs the clutch lock plate along the clutch release member and acts to twist the plate to engage the member for disengaging the clutch. A spring returns the plate and untwists it when the actuator is released to allow automatic adjustment.

Abstract: In a swash plate type hydraulic system such as a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor of the like, a group of cylinder bores in which plungers engaging a swash plate are slidably received are annularly arranged in a cylinder block, and higher and lower pressure oil passages are concentrically provided in the cylinder block. Further, a group of distributor valves are provided in the cylinder block in a radially arranged configuration for controlling the connection and disconnection between the higher and lower pressure oil passages and the group of cylinder bores by radial reciprocating motion of the valves, and an eccentric wheel is provided eccentrically with respect to the center of rotation of the cylinder block to abut against the outer ends of the distributor valves so as to impart a reciprocating motion to each of the distributor valves. A shifting device is provided for changing the eccentric relationship between the eccentric wheel and the cylinder block.

Abstract: A switching valve device provided in an oil passage in which the flow of oil pressure is supposed to occur in both directions, the switching valve device having two check valves provided in the oil passage so as to allow a flow of oil pressure in respective directions opposite to each other, the check valves being biased by means of springs in their respective closing direction, and means is provided for forcibly open the check valves against the bias of the springs. Thereby the switching valve device selectively assumes a first state which allows a flow of oil pressure in one direction, a second state which allows the flow in the other direction, and a third state which does not allow such flow in any direction.

Abstract: A clutch valve system for use in a static hydraulic continuously variable transmission in which a hydraulic closed circuit is formed between a swashplate type hydraulic pump and a swashplate type hydraulic motor, wherein a first annular oil chamber and a second annular oil chamber are concentrically defined in the pump cylinder adjacent to annularly arranged cylinder bores of a pump cylinder in the hydraulic pump, the first oil chamber being adapted to be connected to the cylinder bores which are in a discharge stroke and the second oil chamber being adapted to be connected to the cylinder bores which are in a suction stroke; a plurality of clutch valves are radially arranged in the pump cylinder for providing the communication or discommunication between both the oil chambers by the radial movement thereof; and a clutch control ring engaged with the clutch valves for relative rotation therebetween so as to surround these clutch valves is pivoted on a fixing structure for pivotal movement between a clutch ON

Abstract: A swashplate type hydraulic pressure device comprising a cylinder and a swashplate which is rotatable relative to the cylinder and rotatably supported on a holder, the cylinder having a number of plungers disposed thereon axially slidably in an annular arrangement, in which a spherical end is formed at that extreme end of each plunger which is in abutment with the swashplate, and the swashplate is provided with a spherical concave portion for engagement with the spherical end. By cooperation between the spherical concave portions and the ends, the cylinder rotates synchronously with the swashplate and an aligning action is imparted to the swashplate from the group of plungers of the cylinder.

Abstract: A static hydraulic pressure type continuously variable transmission having a hydraulic closed circuit formed between a swashplate type hydraulic pump and a swashplate type hydraulic motor, in which a high pressure oil passage is communicated through exhaust valves with a number of cylinder bores annularly disposed in a pump cylinder of the hydraulic pump, a low pressure oil passage is communicated through intake valves with the cylinder bores, and a number of distribution valves capable of being reciprocated are radially disposed so as to provide an alternate communication between a number of cylinder bores annularly disposed in a motor cylinder of the hydraulic motor and the high and low pressure oil passages. An eccentric ring for imparting reciprocation to each distribution valve is provided and a discharge side of a replenishing pump is communicated with an inner end surface of each distribution valve to hydraulically urge the distribution valve in a direction of engagement with the eccentric ring.

Abstract: A hydraulic type starting clutch having an input rotating member rotatable in unison with an input shaft, an output rotating member rotatable in unison with an output shaft, and friction plates interposed between the input and output rotating members and adapted to transmit torque from the input rotating member to the output rotating member when engaged. An urging member urges the friction plates to cause transmission of torque from the input rotating member to the output rotating member, and a hydraulic pressure chamber is defined between the urging member and the output rotating member and supplied with a hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic fluid source. A control device controls a pressure regulating valve in a manner such that the pressure in the hydraulic pressure chamber is regulated to values dependent upon the rotational speed of the input shaft.

Abstract: A swashplate type hydraulic pressure device comprising a cylinder and a swashplate which is rotatable relative to the cylinder and rotatably supported on a holder, the cylinder having a number of plungers disposed thereon axially slidably in an annular arrangement, in which a spherical end is formed at that extreme end of each plunger which is in abutment with the swashplate, and the swashplate is provided with a spherical concave portion for engagement with the spherical end. By cooperation between the spherical concave portions and the ends, the cylinder rotates synchronously with the swashplate and an aligning action is imparted to the swashplate from the group of plungers of the cylinder.