Abstract: A process for producing a carbon-particle structure, including the step of irradiating opaque carbon dioxide at and/or near its critical point, as light is scattered, with a UV-wavelength laser beam to produce a carbon-particle structure.

Abstract: In a mass spectrometer for carrying out mass analysis while microscopically observing a two-dimensional area of a sample 15, the observation position for selecting a target portion while observing an image of the sample 15 captured with a CCD camera 23 is separated from the analysis position for carrying out the mass analysis of the sample 15 by delivering laser light from the laser-delivering unit 20 onto the sample 15. The sample 15 is placed on a stage 13, which can be precisely moved between the observation position and the analysis position by a stage-driving mechanism 30. An observation optical system 24 can be set close to the sample 15 at the observation position, without impeding the flight of the ions generated from the sample 15 during the analysis or interfering with a laser-condensing optical system 22. Thus, the spatial resolution for observation is improved without deteriorating the ion-detecting efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser irradiation mass spectrometer capable of analyzing components of living tissue or living cells with high accuracy. It includes a laser unit for irradiating a sample with a beam of laser light and controlling the irradiation spot of the laser beam on the sample; and a mass analyzer for performing a mass analysis of the ions generated at the irradiation spot, where the mass analyzer uses a frequency-driven ion trap and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to carry out the mass analysis. The ion trap of this system assuredly traps ions having large mass to charge ratios, and enables the system to carry out analyses on samples of large molecules. Preferably, a digital driving method is used to drive the aforementioned frequency-driven ion trap. Also, a multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer may preferably be used as the aforementioned time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A novel technical method, which can realize carbon dioxide reduction, which is a task to be urgently accomplished from the viewpoint of global environmental problems, can realize carbon dioxide decomposition for the carbon dioxide reduction, and can realize the utilization of carbon resources obtained from the carbon dioxide with a higher added value, is provided by irradiating carbon dioxide in a supercritical or subcritical state with a UV-wavelength laser beam to decompose carbon dioxide and form a carbon-particle structure.

Abstract: A receiver and a transmitter-receiver, such as a mobile telephone unit and a transceiver, capable of controlling a supplied power to a receiving unit including a variable gain amplifier with high precision. The receiver employs a configuration including, for example, a receiving unit, a gain control signal-generating unit that designates a gain value of variable gain amplifiers in the receiving unit, a control unit, and a memory. The memory stores supplied power values to the receiving unit that are associated with gain values, and the control unit controls an electric power to be supplied to the receiving unit by referencing the supplied power values stored in the memory based on a gain value designated by a gain control signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser irradiation mass spectrometer capable of analyzing components of living tissue or living cells with high accuracy. It includes a laser unit for irradiating a sample with a beam of laser light and controlling the irradiation spot of the laser beam on the sample; and a mass analyzer for performing a mass analysis of the ions generated at the irradiation spot, where the mass analyzer uses a frequency-driven ion trap and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to carry out the mass analysis. The ion trap of this system assuredly traps ions having large mass to charge ratios, and enables the system to carry out analyses on samples of large molecules. Preferably, a digital driving method is used to drive the aforementioned frequency-driven ion trap. Also, a multi-turn time-of-flight mass spectrometer may preferably be used as the aforementioned time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a covering member comprising a cylindrical foam or a columnar foam including a cut consisting of a slit line which extends from the outer circumferential surface of the foam to reach a through-hole of the foam, wherein the slit line joining the open portion formed by the cut on the outer circumferential surface of the foam to the open portion formed by the cut on the inner circumferential surface of the foam is nonlinear in respect of the cross section of the covering member in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the foam.

Abstract: A divider circuit including a plurality of latch circuits which are connected in series such that each of the latch circuits is responsive to a control signal to latch data which is output from a preceding latch circuit in the series, and a logic circuit which receives the data output from the plurality of latch circuits and which outputs a logic operation result to a first latch circuit in the series of the plurality of latch circuits.

Abstract: A microfluidic device comprising a substrate, a plurality of resin layers formed on the substrate, and a three-dimensional fluid circuit formed on each of the plurality of the resin layers; and a method of manufacturing a microfluidic device comprising the steps of (a) forming a resin layer on a substrate and forming a groove having a predetermined pattern which functions as a fluid flow path by removing the resin layer by laser processing, (b) forming a subsequent resin layer by coating a resin on the overall surface of the resin layer having been processed and forming a groove and/or a throughhole to the groove formed in the resin layer coated with the resin, by laser processing of the subsequent resin layer, (c) repeating the step (b), and (d) forming a three-dimensional fluid circuit by finally resin coating.

Abstract: A divider circuit including a plurality of latch circuits which are connected in series such that each of the latch circuits is responsive to a control signal to latch data which is output from a preceding latch circuit in the series, and a logic circuit which receives the data output from the plurality of latch circuits and which outputs a logic operation result to a first latch circuit in the series of the plurality of latch circuits.

Abstract: Input conversion noises of a filter circuit are reduced. The circuit has plural circuit arrangements obtained by dividing the filter circuit so as to include at least one voltage controlled current source, and at least one circuit arrangement is an amplification circuit having an amplifying function for amplifying an input signal to the filter circuit at a set amplification factor. The amplification element circuit has: a loop circuit constructed by plural intra-loop voltage controlled current sources in which mutual conductance values have a predetermined corresponding relation; and a corresponding capacitor connected to a node in the loop circuit and having a capacitance depending on the corresponding relation so as to set a potential at the node to a predetermined potential corresponding to the amplification factor, and amplification element circuit has an electric nature which is independent of the amplification factor when seeing from the input side of the filter circuit.

Abstract: A divider circuit including a plurality of latch circuits which are connected in series such that each of the latch circuits is responsive to a control signal to latch data which is output from a preceding latch circuit in the series and a logic circuit which receives the data output from plurality of latch circuits and which outputs a logic operation result to a first latch circuit in the series of the plurality of latch circuits.

Abstract: Bases of two grounded transistors are connected with each other to form a current mirror bias circuit. A signal is inputted to the base of one of the grounded transistors. To reduce the influence of ? difference between the two grounded transistors by an amplifier to which the signal is outputted from the collector of the one of the grounded transistor, NPN transistors (Q4, Q5) are connected to the base electrodes of the two transistors and their collectors are connected to a power line (Vcc). Thus, the influence of ? difference between the two grounded transistors can be reduced while the necessary power-supply voltage is maintained at a low level.

Abstract: A signal amplitude limiting circuit includes a differential circuit, a feed back circuit and a voltage supply circuit. The differential circuit has a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal. The feedback circuit is connected to the differential circuit. The feedback circuit compares voltages at the positive and negative output terminals with a reference voltage and outputs a comparison signal in response to the comparison. The voltage supply circuit is connected to the differential circuit and the feedback circuit. The voltage supply circuit provides a current to the differential circuit in response to the comparison signal.

Abstract: A filter circuit having an input resistance portion including a first transconductor having a positive input port impressed with a first voltage, a negative input port impressed with a second voltage, a positive output port and a negative output port; a second transconductor having a positive input port impressed with the second voltage, a negative input port impressed with a third voltage, a positive output port and a negative output port; and a third transconductor having a positive input port coupled to the positive output ports of the first and second transconductors and the negative output port of the third transconductor, a negative input port coupled to the negative output ports of the first and second transconductors and the positive output port of the third transconductor, a positive output port and a negative output port.

Abstract: A method of machining a glass substrate using a laser, in which a low-permittivity, low-dielectric-loss glass substrate, capable of coping with mass production, is made applicable as the substrate of a high-frequency circuit intended in particular for microwave and millimeter-wave bands. For that purpose, a glass substrate is provided in which the amount of air bubbles in glass is arbitrarily controlled to improve the workability of the substrate. Then, the glass substrate is machined by being irradiated with a pulsed laser a plurality of times, thereby improving the machining shape of the glass substrate. Since glass substrates which are typically difficult to machine can be easily applied to the fabrication of high-frequency circuits, it becomes possible to supply high-performance circuits and apparatuses widely to the public.

Abstract: A method of machining a glass substrate by using a laser, in which a low-permittivity, low-dielectric-loss glass substrate capable of coping with mass production processes is made applicable as the substrate of a high-frequency circuit intended for microwave and millimeter-wave bands in particular. For that purpose, a glass substrate is provided in which the amount of air bubbles in glass is arbitrarily controlled to improve the workability of the substrate itself. Then, the glass substrate is machined while being irradiated with a pulsed laser for a plurality of times, thereby improving the machining shape of the glass substrate. Since glass substrates which are typically difficult to machine can be easily applied to the fabrication of high-frequency circuits, it becomes possible to supply high-performance circuits and apparatuses widely to the public.

Abstract: A method of machining a glass substrate by using a laser, in which a low-permittivity, low-dielectric-loss glass substrate capable of coping with mass production processes is made applicable as the substrate of a high-frequency circuit intended for microwave and millimeter-wave bands in particular. For that purpose, a glass substrate is provided in which the amount of air bubbles in glass is arbitrarily controlled to improve the workability of the substrate itself. Then, the glass substrate is machined while being irradiated with a pulsed laser for a plurality of times, thereby improving the machining shape of the glass substrate. Since glass substrates which are typically difficult to machine can be easily applied to the fabrication of high-frequency circuits, it becomes possible to supply high-performance circuits and apparatuses widely to the public.

Abstract: A resinous cover for use in a bioelectrical impedance measuring apparatus is provided, in which the processes for manufacturing the resinous cover are significantly decreased in number and the components thereof are decreased in number and therefore the cost thereof is reduced to a low level. Further, such a resinous cover cause little the soles of feet to feel cool when the bioelectrical impedance is being measured, and the area of the electrode which comes into contact with the soles of feet is wide. A resinous cover for use in a bioelectrical impedance measuring apparatus, comprising electrodes and an insulating portion provided among the electrodes, wherein the electrodes and the insulating portion are integrally-molded.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple smaller-sized elastic integrated circuit having a lower power, to which data synchronized with a first clock is input and which outputs data synchronized with a second clock. The elastic integrated circuit includes a read address counter which operates with an internal clock to output a read address count value; a delay circuit to which the read address count value is input and which delays and outputs the read address count value by a predetermined time period; a write address counter which operates using the read address count value output from the delay circuit with a clock externally input so as to output a write address count value; and a memory circuit which writes data input thereto by the write address count value and reads data written therein by the read address count value.